Sobel Test Research Articles

Is Beauty the Key to Market Entry? Evaluating Influencer Beauty Through Computer Vision and Multimodal Machine Learning

ABSTRACT Purpose Livestreaming commerce is becoming increasingly frequent, and this rapid development has benefited from ever-increasing numbers of influencers joining businesses. Given this context, the purpose of this study is to examine the nonlinear effect of influencers’ beauty on viewer purchases. Methodology Based on the unstructured data of 2,597 livestreaming clips from TikTok, we first leverage a computer vision-based API interface, Face++, to calculate influencer beauty. Economic models are used to investigate this relationship. Second, the Sobel test is used to test the mediating effects of LSTM-based influencer trustworthiness. Finally, two moderators, product category and influencer type, are verified to clarify the boundary conditions. Findings First, there is an inverted U-shaped relation between influencer beauty and sales rate. Second, influencer trustworthiness mediates the impact of influencer beauty on sales rate. Finally, we find that compared with newcomer influencer selling experience products, veteran influencer beauty has a greater impact on sales when selling search products. Implications First, to the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few empirical studies evaluating influencer beauty through video data. More broadly, our research contributes to the rich influencer marketing literature by taking advantage of the abundant visual information provided by the new business context of livestreaming. The second is the new method of computer vision and multimodal machine learning. The combination of these new methods provides a scalable toolkit for unstructured data mining for academia and a realistic reference for livestreaming commerce for industry. The third contribution is content validity. We depend on hard archival data, which reflect changes in influencer beauty and viewers’ purchases in real time. This study extends the external validity of past studies and has greater reference value for real livestreaming businesses.

PENGARUH ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL: KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI

The objective of this research is to explain the affects of Islamic leadership and work motivation on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees at PT Usaha Utama Bersaudara (PT UUB). Data was collected using a survey method involving all employees (86 individuals) through a questionnaire with 68 Likert scale statements and observations. The data was analyzed using SPSS 24 and the Sobel Test. The results of the study demonstrate that Islamic leadership and work motivation have a significant impact on job satisfaction, but not on organizational commitment. Job satisfaction significantly affects on organizational commitment and fully mediates and strengthen the relationship between Islamic leadership and work motivation on organizational commitment. Therefore, the company should strengthen Islamic leadership through training that emphasizes Islamic values, enhance motivation with effective strategies and incentives, and improve job satisfaction by enhancing the work environment, recognition, and employee welfare. By doing so, PT Usaha Utama Bersaudara can increase job satisfaction, which positively impacts and strengthens employees' commitment to the organization.

Investigating the mediating role of digital game addiction in the relationship between adolescents’ school belonging and resilience

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the mediating role of digital game addiction in the relationship between school belonging and psychological resilience of adolescents in middle school. Considering school belonging together with digital game addiction may help to better understand the risk and protective factors of psychological resilience and to create a comprehensive model of psychological resilience. Method The sample consisted of 316 secondary school students aged between 11 and 14 (M = 12.84), 47.5% (n = 150) female and 52.5% (n = 166) male. Data were collected using a demographic information form and three self-report scales. In addition to descriptive statis- tics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Bootstrap Analysis were used to analyses the data. The mediating role of digital game addiction in the relationship between school belonging and resilience was analysed using the Bootstrap method with 5000 resamples. This approach is regarded as providing more accurate results compared to the Sobel test. Results The results of the study show that there are significant positive relationships between school belonging and psychological resilience and negative relationships with digital game addiction. Also, the results of the study revealed that the mediating role of digital game addiction in the effect of school belonging on adolescents’ psychological resilience was statistically significant. Conclusion It was revealed that digital game addiction, which affects both psychological resilience and school belonging, which is a protective factor, in a very negative way, is a mediating variable whose effect should be reduced or eliminated.

대구 경북지역 병원종사자의 직무스트레스가 직무만족도에 미치는 영향에서 자아탄력성의 매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of ego resilience in the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction of hospital workers in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions. Methods An online survey was conducted targeting hospital workers working in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions from October 8, 2023 to October 15, 2023, and 86 copies were used in the final statistical analysis. The collected data were subjected to reliability analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, multivariate normal distribution verification, correlation analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS V27.0, and the Sobel Test was performed to verify statistical significance. Results First, job stress of hospital workers in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions was found to have a significant negative effect on job satisfaction and ego resilience, and ego resilience was found to have a positive effect on job satisfaction. Second, ego resilience was found to mediate the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among hospital workers in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions. Conclusions Through the results of this study, the relationship between job stress, job satisfaction, and ego resilience of hospital workers in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions was verified, and the relationship between major variables was confirmed theoretically and empirically, and key variables that affect hospital workers' job satisfaction were confirmed. It is meaningful in that it can provide basic data for early screening of hospital workers with low levels of job satisfaction and effective intervention by uncovering these factors. It is also significant in that it provided implications for the development of counseling and education programs related to job stress and ego resilience that can increase the job satisfaction of hospital workers in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions.

Statistical power and optimal design for randomized controlled trials investigating mediation effects.

Mediation analyses in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can unpack potential causal pathways between interventions and outcomes and help the iterative improvement of interventions. When designing RCTs investigating these mechanisms, two key considerations are (a) the sample size needed to achieve adequate statistical power and (b) the efficient use of resources. The current study has developed closed-form statistical power formulas for RCTs investigating mediation effects with and without covariates under the Sobel and joint significance tests. The power formulas are functions of sample size, sample allocation between treatment conditions, effect sizes in the treatment-mediator and mediator-outcome paths, and other common parameters (e.g., significance level, one- or two-tailed test). The power formulas allow us to assess how covariates impact the magnitude of mediation effects and statistical power. Accounting for the potential unequal sampling costs between treatment conditions, we have further developed an optimal design framework to identify optimal sample allocations that provide the maximum statistical power under a fixed budget or use the minimum resources to achieve a target power. Illustrations show that the proposed method can identify more efficient and powerful sample allocations than conventional designs with an equal number of individuals in each treatment condition. We have implemented the methods in the R package odr to improve the accessibility of the work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Enhancing Psychological Well-Being: Examining The Influence of Attachment Styles, Mediated by Post-conventional Religious Reasoning

This study investigates the intricate relationship between attachment styles, post-conventional religious reasoning, and psychological well-being. A sample of 650 participants completed survey questionnaires, employing established measurement tools such as the psychological well-being scale, adult attachment styles scale, Attachment Styles to God Scale, and the Modified Faith Scale. Utilizing Smart PLS 4.0.4.9 for analysis, the partial least squares (PLS) algorithm with bootstrapping was employed due to its suitability for complex models and small sample sizes. Results reveal significant positive associations between Attachment Styles in Adults and both Post-conventional Religious Reasoning and Psychological Well-being. Similarly, Attachment Styles to God exhibit significant positive relationships with Psychological Well-being and post-conventional religious reasoning. Furthermore, post-conventional religious reasoning demonstrates a significant positive relationship with Psychological Well-being. Through Sobel tests, the mediating role of post-conventional religious reasoning is explored. The findings indicate that it mediates the relationship between Attachment Styles in Adults and Psychological Well-being, as well as between Attachment Styles to God and Psychological Well-being. This study contributes to the understanding of how attachment styles and religious reasoning influence psychological well-being. The findings underscore the importance of considering both attachment to significant others and attachment to a higher power in understanding individuals' well-being. By highlighting the mediating role of post-conventional religious reasoning, this research sheds light on the mechanisms through which these factors interact to influence psychological well-being.

Pengaruh Social Media Marketing dan Electronic Word of Mouth Terhadap Purchase Intention Melalui Brand Image

The increasing competition in the marketplace has made Lazada one of the platforms that is falling behind compared to several competitors, particularly in terms of sales or purchase intention. Several factors contribute to this, including social media marketing, audience opinions and reviews, and Lazada's brand image. This study evaluates the influence of social media marketing and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) on purchase intention through brand image. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of social media marketing and E-WOM on purchase intention, with brand image serving as a mediator. The study was conducted among Lazada marketplace users in Denpasar City, involving 160 respondents using purposive sampling. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The collected data was analyzed using path analysis and Sobel test techniques. The findings indicate that all hypotheses are supported. Social media marketing positively and significantly influences brand image; E-WOM positively and significantly influences brand image; social media marketing positively and significantly impacts purchase intention; E-WOM positively and significantly impacts purchase intention; brand image positively and significantly influences purchase intention. Additionally, brand image positively and significantly mediates the effects of social media marketing and E-WOM on purchase intention. The theoretical implications of this study support consumer behavior theories and previous research. The practical implications suggest that Lazada's management should prioritize social media marketing, E-WOM, and brand image to enhance purchase intention.

EHealth literacy and digital health interventions: Key ingredients for supporting the mental health of displaced youth living in the urban slums of kampala, Uganda

During and after displacement, many displaced youth face increased vulnerability to poor mental health and can encounter inaccurate or confusing health information. Digital tools create new opportunities to reach more of these youth with mental health interventions. Yet maximizing these tools' effectiveness among displaced youth requires understanding their eHealth literacy (eHEALS; i.e., the ability to find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply this knowledge to a health problem). Thus, we conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey of 445 displaced youth (16–24 years) living in the slums of Kampala, Uganda to measure their eHEALS and its association with psychosocial wellbeing. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified a unidimensional measure of eHEALS. Structural equation modeling results indicated that eHEALS was not directly associated with depressive symptoms (β = .08, p = 0.15), but was significantly positively associated with resilience (β = .32, p < 0.001). Resilience was, in turn, significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms (β = −.21, p < 0.001). The Sobel test for indirect effects confirmed that eHEALS indirectly negatively affected depressive symptoms through resilience (i.e., βindirect effect = −.07, p = 0.004). Our findings highlight the need for interventionists to develop contextualized eHealth interventions that facilitate displaced youth's ability to access, understand, and use health information to the best of their ability and optimally benefit from services.

The Influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Culture on Production Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable

This research is entitled "The Influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Organizational Commitment and Organizational Culture on the Performance of Production Employees with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable (Case Study at PT. Casuarina Harnessido Pemalang)". The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, organizational commitment and Organizational Culture on the Performance of Production Employees with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable. In this research using purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 90 respondents. The testing in this research was carried out by testing validity, reliability testing, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing in the form of t test, F test, R2 test, path analysis and Sobel test. In this research, there is a partially significant positive effect between the OCB variable on the performance of production employees with a value of tcount &gt; ttable (2.184&gt;1.662), organizational commitment to the performance of production employees with a value of tcount&gt; ttable (3.689&gt;1.662), organizational culture on the performance of production employees. with a value of tcount &gt; ttable (3.160&gt;1.662), job satisfaction affects the performance of production employees with a value of tcount &gt; ttable (2,606&gt;1,662). From the Sobel test results show that job satisfaction mediates the effect of OCB on the performance of production employees with a value of tcount &gt; ttable (3.0496&gt;1.6619), job satisfaction mediates the effect of organizational commitment on employee performance. production with a value of tcount &gt; ttable (1.7531&gt;1.6619), job satisfaction mediates the effect of organizational culture on the performance of production employees with a value of tcount &gt; ttable (1.9392&gt;1.6619).

The association between Internet use and intrinsic capacity among older adults in China: The mediating role of social participation.

This study aims to explore the relationship between Internet use and intrinsic capability among Chinese older adults, and the potential mediating role of social participation. We verified the correlation between Internet use and intrinsic capacity using multiple linear regression and verified the mediating role of social participation using the Sobel and Bootstrap tests. The results of multiple linear regression show that there is a significant positive association between Internet use and intrinsic capacity (B=0.717, p<.001); and social participation plays a mediating role, explaining a total of 20.5% of the association (indirect effect=0.147, 95% CI: 0.067-0.227). Our findings suggest that Internet use significantly improves intrinsic capacity among Chinese older adults, with social participation playing a mediating role. Increasing Internet adoption rates and promoting social participation may help improve intrinsic capacity among older adults.

The mediating role of positive psychological capital in the relationship between metacognition and self-directed learning ability: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundSelf-directed learning is a fundamental skill and requirement for lifelong learning. It enables nursing students to enhance their learning ability, academic achievement, clinical performance, and adaptability to clinical situations. Metacognition (i.e., the process of reflecting on one's own cognitive activities) helps internalize learning strategies, construct self-concept, and solve problems. Positive psychological capital is a positive psychological state that stimulates the pursuit of individual development; it helps nursing students to cope effectively with various problems. However, it remains unclear if metacognition impacts self-directed learning ability (SDLA) through positive psychological capital; if confirmed, this would provide basic data for the development of effective teaching and learning methods. ObjectivesTo examine the mediating effect of positive psychological capital in the relationship between metacognition and SDLA in nursing students. DesignA cross-sectional, descriptive survey study. ParticipantsThe participants were 172 nursing students from four nursing colleges. MethodsWe measured metacognition, positive psychological capital, and SDLA using an online questionnaire; data were collected from September 7 to 23, 2023. We used Pearson's correlation coefficient to analyze correlations. To test the mediating effect of positive psychological capital, we used three-step regression analysis, Sobel's test, and Hayes's Process Macro - Model 4. ResultsSDLA was correlated with metacognition (r = 0.689, p < .001) and positive psychological capital (r = 0.605, p < .001). Metacognition influenced positive psychological capital (B = 0.324, p < .001) and SDLA (B = 0.614, p < .001). Positive psychological capital mediated the relationship between metacognition and SDLA (B = 0.297, p < .001; z = 3.214, p = .001 [Sobel test]). ConclusionLearning strategies aiming to enhance nursing students' SDLA require successful metacognition to boost positive psychological capital. This study's empirical evidence on the potential benefits of linking metacognition with positive psychological capital has practical implications in relation to helping nursing students attain core academic goals.

Green Product dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Purchase Intention yang Dimediasi oleh Brand Image pada Produk Tupperware di Kota Bandung

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Brand Image and corporate social responsibility on Purchase Intention mediated by Brand Image on Tupperware product consumers in Bandung. This study involved a sample of 120 people with a purposive sampling technique. The type of data used is primary data, This research data comes from a questionnaire, The time horizon in collecting this research data is qualified as a cross-sectional or one shot study. To test the hypothesis in this study using multiple regression tests and Sobel tests. The results of this study indicate that green products and Corporate social responsibility have a positive effect on purchase intention, and Brand image mediates the relationship between green products and Corporate social responsibility on purchase intention. Keywords: Brand Image, Corporate Social Responsibility, Purchase Intention, Green Product

Citra Merek terhadap Minat Beli Ulang yang Dimediasi oleh Kepuasan Pelanggan Pond’s Micellar Water di Kota Cimahi

The purpose of this study was to determine how brand image influences repurchase intention through customer satisfaction of pond's micellar water in Cimahi City. The instruments used have been tested for reliability and validity. The instruments were used to collect data from 120 female respondents who were of productive age and had purchased pond's micellar water products. Purposive sampling and cross-sectional time horizon were two types of data collection used. The data processing method used descriptive tests and multiple linear regression with SPSS version 25 and the Sobel test. The results of the study revealed that brand image had a positive effect on repurchase intention and both brand image and repurchase intention had a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, through customer satisfaction, brand image influenced repurchase intention. Keywords: Brand Image, Customer Satisfaction, Repurchase Intention

그릿이 청소년의 공격성에 미치는 영향: 사회적 위축과 스마트폰 중독의 매개효과를 중심으로

This study’s aim was to prove the indirect effect of the social withdrawal and the smart phone addiction within the direct path which the grit have effected to the aggression of an adolescent. For actualizing this research study, this study have selected a total of 2,384 cases in the first year of middle school from Korean Youth Pannel Survey(KYPS) 3th data(an year of 2020) as an analysis target. And this study have applied the Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) based on the Amos 18.0 as an main analysis method, sobel test for demonstrating the indirect effect. This study have created the following analysis result through the presented research method. First, this study have proved the direct effect that the grit have predicted to the aggression of an adolescent. Second, this study have verified the mediating effect of the social withdrawal and the smart phone addiction. Finally this study have suggested the practical implication associated with reducing the aggression of an adolescent and the suggestion for the prior research through the above analysis result.

Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Religiusitas terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan yang Dimediasi oleh Kepuasan Pelanggan Sabun Mandi Lifebuoy di Kota Cimahi

This study examines the influence of brand image and religiosity on customer loyalty of Lifebuoy soap in Cimahi City with customer satisfaction as a mediating factor. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 120 Muslim respondents aged 15-63 years who had used Lifebuoy soap. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS version 25 application and the Sobel test to test the validity and reliability of the instrument as well as descriptive analysis, classical assumptions, and multiple regression. The findings of the study indicate that brand image and religiosity have a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. However, brand image does not have a significant effect on customer loyalty, while religiosity has a significant negative effect on loyalty. Customer satisfaction is proven to have a significant positive effect on loyalty and mediates the influence of brand image and religiosity on customer loyalty. The results of this study are expected to provide insight for companies in designing relevant strategies to increase customer loyalty of Lifebuoy soap. Keywords: Brand Image, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Religiosity

Pengaruh Kualitas Produk terhadap Minat Beli Ulang yang Dimediasi oleh Kepuasan Pelanggan pada Produk Minuman Penambah Tenaga non Cair Extra Joss pada Mahasiswa program studi Manajemen

This study aims to determine the effect of product quality on repurchase intention mediated by customer satisfaction on non-liquid energy drink product extra joss, especially for students of management study program. The research instrument used has passed validity and reliability tests. This data collection tool is used to interview respondents aged 16-40 years who have experience consuming extra joss products. A total of 119 respondents participated in this study. The data collection method used is cross-sectional or one shot study. Data analysis was carried out using a quantitative descriptive approach, normality test, simple regression, multiple linear regression using SPSS version 24 software, and the use of the sobel test. Of the four hypotheses proposed, two of them are supported by empirical findings. The results of this study indicate that product quality has a direct effect on repurchase intention mediated by customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, other concepts that can directly influence repurchase intention can be explained by future research. The implications of these findings provide benefits for the company or product manager being evaluated, namely Extra Joss, and similar industries, related to designing relevant strategies to improve the quality of these attributes. Keywords: Product Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Repurchase Interest

THE ROLE OF PROFITABILITY IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND FIRM GROWTH ON THE FIRM VALUE OF TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS COMPANIES SECTOR

This study aims to examine whether there is an influence of capital structure and firm growth on firm value and whether profitability can be an intermediary or mediation on the influence between these variables. The population in this study were transportation and logistics companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange totaling 37 companies, and 17 of them met the purposive sampling criteria to be used as research samples. The research method used is quantitative with data sources in the form of secondary data. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25 and the sobel test. The results of this study provide evidence that the variables of capital structure and firm growth have a significant positive effect on profitability, capital structure has a significant negative effect on firm value, firm growth has no effect on firm value, and profitability has a significant positive effect on firm value. And profitability is not able to mediate the effect of capital structure and firm growth on firm value

PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN, STRUKTURAL KEPEMILIKAN, DAN DAMPAK COVID-19 TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN

This study aims to analyze the influence, financial characteristics, structural ownership and covid-19 on company value with company performance as an intervening variable in food and baverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period. The population in this study is manufacturing companies engaged in the food and beverage sector. Sampling is done using purposive sampling. This research method uses multiple linear regression. Sobel test in this study was used to analyze indirect influence on work performance as an intervening variable. The results of the study concluded that liquidity, solvency, capital expenditure, and managerial ownership affect company performance, while Covid-19 and institutional ownership do not affect company performance. Company performance affects company value, while Covid-19, liquidity, solvency, capital expenditure, managerial ownership and institutional ownership have no effect on company value. The company's performance cannot mediate covid-19, liquidity, solvency, capital expenditure, managerial ownership and institutional ownership of the company's value in the food and baverage sub-sector companies

The Role of Brand Image Mediates the Effect of Product Quality on Repurchase Intention

Repurchase deliberate may be a consumer's purposeful to purchase a item based on encounter from acquiring and utilizing the past item. A few variables that can cultivate repurchase eagerly are brand picture and item quality. This ponder pointed to clarify the part of brand picture in interceding the impact of item quality on repurchase eagerly among customers of Kulo Coffee Shop. This investigate was conducted in Denpasar City; the number of tests in this consider was 120 respondents utilizing the purposive inspecting strategy. Information collection was carried out by conveying surveys offline and online. The information investigation strategies utilized are way examination, Sobel test and VAF test. Based on the comes about of the examination, this ponder appears that item quality features a positive and significant impact on repurchase purposeful, item quality incorporates a positive and noteworthy impact on brand picture, brand picture includes a positive and critical impact on repurchase deliberate, brand picture emphatically and altogether intercedes the impact of item quality on repurchase purposeful

PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN PROFITABILITAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI

This study aims to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governance proxied with independent board of commissioners, audit committee, and institutional ownership on company value proxied with Tobin's Q with profitability proxied with Return On Asset (ROA) as a mediation variable. The population in this study was obtained using purposive sampling method on Banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019-2021 and based on predetermined criteria, a sample of 68 companies was obtained. The analysis method used is path analysis and sobel test with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) Version 25 application tools. The results of the research analysis prove that: 1) The independent board of commissioners has an effect on profitability, 2) The audit committee has no effect on profitability, 3) institutional ownership has an effect on probability, The independent board of commissioners has an effect on the value of the company, 4) The independent board of commissioners has an effect on the value of the company, 5) The audit committee has no effect on the value of the company, 6) Institutional ownership has an effect on the value of the company, 7) Profitability has no effect on the value of the company, 8) Profitability as a mediating variable is not able to mediate the influence of the variable of the independent board of commissioners on the value of the company, 9) Profitability as a mediating variable is not able to mediate the effect of audit committee variables on company value, 10) Profitability as a mediation variable is not able to mediate the influence of institutional ownership variables on company value