SOAR Model Research Articles

Recognition of facial emotion based on SOAR model.

Expressing emotions play a special role in daily communication, and one of the most essential methods in detecting emotions is to detect facial emotional states. Therefore, one of the crucial aspects of the natural human-machine interaction is the recognition of facial expressions and the creation of feedback, according to the perceived emotion. To implement each part of this model, two main steps have been introduced. The first step is reading the video and converting it to images and preprocessing on them. The next step is to use the combination of 3D convolutional neural network (3DCNN) and learning automata (LA) to classify and detect the rate of facial emotional recognition. The reason for choosing 3DCNN in our model is that no dimension is removed from the images, and considering the temporal information in dynamic images leads to more efficient and better classification. In addition, the training of the 3DCNN network in calculating the backpropagation error is adjusted by LA so that both the efficiency of the proposed model is increased, and the working memory part of the SOAR model can be implemented. Due to the importance of the topic, this article presents an efficient method for recognizing emotional states from facial images based on a mixed deep learning and cognitive model called SOAR. Among the objectives of the proposed model, it is possible to mention providing a model for learning the time order of frames in the movie and providing a model for better display of visual features, increasing the recognition rate. The accuracy of recognition rate of facial emotional states in the proposed model is 85.3%. To compare the effectiveness of the proposed model with other models, this model has been compared with competing models. By examining the results, we found that the proposed model has a better performance than other models.

Comparing LLMs for Prompt-Enhanced ACT-R and Soar Model Development: A Case Study in Cognitive Simulation

This paper presents experiments on using ChatGPT4 and Google Bard to create ACT-R and Soar models. The study involves two simulated cognitive tasks, where ChatGPT4 and Google Bard (Large Language Models, LLMs) serve as conversational interfaces within the ACT-R and Soar framework development environments. The first task involves creating an intelligent driving model using ACT-R with motor and perceptual behavior and can further interact with an unmodified interface. The second task evaluates the development of educational skills using Soar. Prompts were designed to represent cognitive operations and actions, including providing context, asking perception-related questions, decision-making scenarios, and evaluating the system's responses, and they were iteratively refined based on model behavior evaluation. Results demonstrate the potential of using LLMs to serve as interactive interfaces to develop ACT-R and Soar models within a human-in-the-loop model development process. We documented the mistakes LLMs made during this integration and provided corresponding resolutions when adopting this modeling approach. Furthermore, we presented a framework of prompt patterns that maximizes LLMs interaction for artificial cognitive architectures.

Strategi Dinas Perikanan dalam Pengembangan Sentral UMKM Ikan Pindang Desa Brondong Kabupaten Lamongan

This The purpose of this research is to describe the strategy of the Department of Fisheries in developing the central UMKM for boiled fish in Brondong Village, Lamongan Regency. In addition, this study aims to describe the successes and shortcomings of the Fisheries Service's strategy in developing boiled fish centers. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Researchers collected data, observations, interviews and documentation to obtain complete and detailed data. Subjects of this study were: (1)head of the Fisheries Service, (2) business development and quality development section, (3) actors and (4) buyers. The results of study using the SOAR model: 1)strengths aspect of pindang fish is that it is processed without using formalin, and the advantage is that pindangbrondong is fresh and tender when processed. 2)aspects of opportunities are carried out in terms of quality improvement, marketing, and branding. 3) aspect of aspiration conveyed by traders to Service regarding development, and traders conveying suggestions related to promotion. 4)aspect of result that is felt by traders is evidenced by increased income of traders, the PANDU SISKAMAYA and Pindang Hygienic innovations have been running smoothly, (UPI).

Strategy to Improve the Status of Becoming an Advanced Village in Pakuhaji Village, West Bandung Regency-Indonesia (SOAR Model Application)

As stated in the 2020-2024 National Mid-Term Development Plan, to support efforts to achieve the development goals of rural areas, namely reducing the number of underdeveloped villages to developing villages by 7000 villages, and increasing the number of villages developing into independent villages by 3000 villages. To reach a developed village, an effective strategy is needed. The research objective was to identify an effective strategy towards a developed village in Pakuhaji Village by using the SOAR model application. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This type of data consists of primary data obtained through observation and interviews with the Pakuhaji Village Officials as many as 10 respondents. Meanwhile, secondary data is obtained from report documents, regulations, as well as research results related to the strategy to upgrade the status to a developed village in Pakuhaji Village. The results of this study indicate that the status of Pakuhaji Village has a Build Village Index value of 0.6784, a developing village status with a Social Resilience Index of 42.7 percent, and Economic Resilience Index of 27.8 percent, and an Environmental Resilience Index of 29.5 percent. After analyzing Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, and Results (SOAR), a strategy can be found to reach a developed village in Pakuhaji Village. Several strategies can be carried out, namely, 1) Building human resources by increasing community empowerment through efforts, developing entrepreneurship-based non-formal education. 2) Developing village economic enterprises to meet community needs through efforts.

The Analysis of the Ecosystem Capacity of Semirom County in the direction of Return Migration Planning

Purpose- Return migration acts as a driving force of development and a key incentive of prosperity in rural areas by fulfilling their potentials. Rapid population displacement in developing countries including Iran, reveals the necessity of return migration planning. Semirom is a county in Isfahan province with the highest rate of emigration based on the 2011 Census enjoying sufficient potentials to change this trend. The overall purpose of this study is to analyze the ecosystem capacity of Semirom in order to develop a return migration planning. Design/methodology/approach- The research method is descriptive-analytical. As such, this study can be categorized as an applied research. The environmental, social, economic, and managerial aspects are hereby considered. The questionnaire of Semirom situation assessment was analyzed using inferential statistics (t-test) by SPSS. Content analysis was conducted by interviewing officials using Atlas.ti software. Internal and external factors evaluation matrix and SOAR model were used to offer strategies. In the end, adaptive strategic alternatives are prioritized using the QSPM planning approach and policies for the realization of the return migration. Statistical population consists of the residents and authorities of Semirom county. Findings- The findings indicate that the most important factors affecting return migration are reinforcement of gardening, related industries and tourism attractions, improving the quality of welfare services, fostering the sense of belonging, and the availability of fertile soil and sufficient irrigation water. Accordingly, the strategy of appropriate management of tourism and environmental spaces for proper utilization of natural should be given priority. It is also suggested that proper utilization of natural resources and tourism along with the potential of eco-tourism can offer a great opportunity for sustainable employment. This requires efficient management of new approaches and providing a secure environment for investment and entrepreneurship. In other words, considering the potentials of tourism will improve the quality of amenities, infrastructure services and employment, which in turn can boost their quality of local life, and their willingness to stay permanently in their rural residence, which ultimately encourages immigrants to return to their homeland.

Strategic Planning of Rural Tourism Development Using SOAR Model: A Case Study of Kandovan Village

Purpose: This research aims to perform strategic planning of tourism development in Kandovan village using SOAR model. This model is a combination of SWOT strategy and Appreciative Inquiry (AI) introduced by Jacqueline M. Stavros. AI, instead of focusing on problems such as weaknesses and threats, identifies strengths and creates promising opportunities. Methods: In this study, library and semi-structured interview methods have been used. The present study is a qualitative research in terms of nature and method of data collection. The statistical population of this research includes villagers of Kandovan, government officials, and NGO’s related to Kandovan village, in Osku County, near Tabriz metropolis, and tourists visiting the Kandovan village in the summer of 2016. In this research, the qualitative content analysis technique was used in the framework of inductive approach in accordance with the SOAR strategic planning model. Then, four SOAR strategic model indicators, i.e. strengths, opportunities, aspirations and results were extracted. Results: The results of the research indicate that for implementation of UNESCO’s architectural standards to world village registration, it is necessary to construct a new Kandovan next to the old village. In addition, holding festivals, exhibitions and weekly markets for the development of regional tourism is recommended. Establishment of tourism amenities such as construction of parking lots, recreational complex, designing websites and construction of a hotel are some other recommendations. Holding training courses related to tourism in the village, is a major step towards development of tourism considering the potential among the youth of the village. Conclusion: Villagers require to learn a series of educational courses. The youth of the village continue to do their business in the village and commute between the village and the city they live during the tourist season. Considering the young generation’s loyalty to their hometown and their desire to work in their village, many of them are ready to participate in the development of tourism of village and, as a result, holding educational courses from the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of the region such as foreign language courses, tourism guides, hospitality culture, marketing and advertising are welcomed by young people.

Tourism Development in Shiraz: Emphasizing Cultural and Historical Sites

Nowadays tourism and especially urban tourism plays a constructive role in developing economic, social-cultural, spatial and political structure of countries and developing ones in particular. There are many tourist attractions in cities among which cultural-historical sites constitute the most attractive and complete behavior settings. Shiraz is a historic city in Iran and one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country in which there are several cultural-historical places. Zandieh complex, as the core of this ancient heritage, is one of the most important attractions in Shiraz, protecting and developing which is considered as the major factor in developing and reviving urban tourism in this city. Therefore this dissertation is to study the most characteristic features of Zandieh complex to achieve sustainable urban tourism development goals. To this end we used descriptive-analytic methods as well as questionnaire to collect field data in our research. Adapting SPSS based on SOAR model to test research hypotheses revealed that Zandieh complex held great potential to achieve sustainable development goals and could play a crucial role in assisting urban economics development. And finally we formulate effective strategies for using this precious heritage and encouraging sustainable urban tourism development.

KAERI A-KRS 골드심 성능평가 모델 비교 검증 연구

The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute has developed a performance assessment model imple-menting the A-KRS concept, which was constructed with the GoldSim. In the A-KRS concept, spent nuclear fuel produced from pressurized-water-reactor operations would be pyroprocessed to reduce waste volume and radioactivity. The wastes to be disposed of in a geologic repository are comprised of metal and ceramic waste forms. In this study, results of simulations conducted to establish credibility and build confidence for the A-KRS model are presented. Specifically, release rates and breakthrough times simulated using the A-KRS model were compared to corresponding results from the U.S. NRC SOAR model. In addition, the A-KRS model results were compared to published release rates from the SKB repository performance assessment. This comparison of the A-KRS model results to other independent performance assessments is expected to form part of a suite of model verification and validation activities to provide confidence that the A-KRS model has been implemented appropriately.

Validity of Severity Scores in Hospitalized Patients With Nursing Home-Acquired Pneumonia

Several severity scores have been advanced to predict a patient's outcome from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of confusion, urea, respiratory rate, BP (CURB); CURB plus age ≥ 65 years (CURB-65); CURB-65 minus urea (CRB-65); and systolic BP, oxygenation, age, and respiratory rate (SOAR) scoring systems in predicting 30-day mortality and ICU admission in patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP). A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of 457 nursing home residents hospitalized with pneumonia at two university-affiliated tertiary care facilities. Clinical and laboratory features were used to compute severity scores using the British Thoracic Society severity rules and the SOAR criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were compared for need for ICU admission and 30-day mortality. The overall 30-day mortality and ICU admission rates were 23% and 25%, respectively. CURB, CURB-65, and CRB-65 performed similarly in predicting mortality with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.605 (95% CI, 0.559-0.650), 0.593 (95% CI, 0.546-0.638), and 0.592 (95% CI, 0.546-0.638), respectively, whereas SOAR showed superior accuracy with an AUC of 0.765 (95% CI, 0.724-0.803) (P < .001). The need for ICU care was also better identified with the SOAR model compared with the other scoring rules. All three British Thoracic Society rules had lower performance accuracy in predicting 30-day mortality of hospitalized NHAP than SOAR. SOAR is also a superior alternative for better identification of severe NHAP. An improved rule for severity assessment of hospitalized NHAP is needed.

A Strategic Approach to Enhance Management and Marketing Effectiveness: Utilizing the SOAR Leadership Model to Improve Communication for Public Sector and Not-for-Profit Organizations

ABSTRACT The effective implementation of the SOAR Strategic Leadership Model in not-for-profits and public sector organizations is explored, with a focus on both marketing implications and improvement of intra-organizational communications. The SOAR Model is especially valuable in such organizations, as leaders in this business structure are progressing from a production orientation to a marketing orientation because of changes in the marketplace. 1. Strategic goals, coupled with a strong vision, are essential to growth and success of an organization. The vision must be strong enough to remain valuable and usable even through changes of organization leadership and serve as a guide through changes in life cycle and strategic modes. 2. Marketing programs must be developed to communicate the strategic focus to target market publics and to associates of the organization. “Buying in” to the vision will enhance employees' motivation and ability to grow the organization both profitably and effectively. Further, potential customers want to do business with organizations that clearly and definitely display a clear-cut focus of consumer need satisfaction. 3. Feedback both to and from all levels of the organization is requisite for successful implementation of varied strategies. Thus, strategic leadership requires that the leader use different styles to manage effectively under varying circumstances. 4. Specific emphasis is given to the unique situations encountered with delivery of services, focusing upon the not-for-profit and public sector provider. As leaders surface, many often discover themselves with an organization that is ill equipped to follow, and thus to know how to follow, when to follow and the roles each should and can play. Recommendations are offered on how organizations can use strategic leadership and the SOAR Strategic Leadership Model to excel in managing the organization as it develops and matures.

Knowledge level learning and the power law: A soar model of skill acquisition in scheduling

Knowledge level learning and the power law: A soar model of skill acquisition in scheduling

Knowledge level learning and the power law: A soar model of skill acquisition in scheduling

The model presented here gradually learns how to perform a job-shop scheduling task. It uses Soar’s chunking mechanism to acquire episodic memories about the order to schedule jobs. The model was based on many qualitative (e.g., transfer effects) and quantitative (e.g., solution time) regularities found in previously collected data. The model was tested with new data where scheduling tasks were given to the model and to 14 subjects. The model generally fit these data with the restrictions that the model performs the task (in simulated time) faster than the subjects, and its performance improves somewhat more quickly than the subjects’ performance. The model provides an explanation of the noise typically found in problem solving times — it is the result of learning actual pieces of knowledge that transfer more or less to new situations but rarely by an average amount. Only when the data are averaged (i.e., over subjects) does the smooth power law appear. This mechanism demonstrates how symbolic models can exhibit a gradual change in behavior and how the apparent acquisition of general procedures can be performed without resorting to explicit declarative rule generation. We suggest that this may represent a type of implicit learning.

Book review: Knowledge-Based Systems Analysis and Design-A KADS Developer's Handbook by Stewart W. Tansley and Clive C. Hayball (Prentice Hall 1993)

The acronym KADS (Knowledge Analysis and Design Support) has come to stand for a group of methods which can be applied to knowledge-based system development. KADS has become the de facto European standard and is being used with ever increasing frequency in North America as, for example, with the SOAR model [9]. As stated in the preface, the purpose of this book is to provide a full explanation of KADS plus a handbook for the use of KADS' methods. The authors' objective is to convince their target readers (practising computer professionals already well acquainted with the basic concepts of artificial intelligence) to adopt and use KADS. Note that although Prolog is the favored language in Europe, as well as that used by the developers of KADS, it is not used in this book, which simplifies the task of LISP users in applying the methods proposed.