Cl SO4 Research Articles

Electron-diffraction investigation of the molecular structure of methyl chlorosulphate

An electron-diffraction structure analysis has yielded the following bond lengths (ra) and bond angles of the title compound: SO 1.419(3), S–O 1.562(4), and S–Cl 2.023(4)A; Cl–S–O 102.8(14), O–SO 108.7(8), Cl–SO 106.4(6), OSO 122.2(15), and S–O–C 114.4(11)°. A gauche form characterized by a rotation angle of 74° around the S–O bond (0° corresponds to a form in which the O–C bond eclipses the S–Cl bond) prevails in the vapour phase. The sulphur bond configuration is consistent with other simple sulphone structures. Both valence-shell electron-pair repulsions and non-bonded interactions are thought to be responsible for the observed geometrical variations.

Pore Fluid and Mineralogical Studies of Recent Marine Sediments: Bauer Depression Region of East Pacific Rise

ABSTRACT Geochemical studies of sediments and pore fluids of recent deep sea sediments in the vicinity of the equatorial East Pacific Rise were carried out to delineate diagenetic and activity. Pore fluids were extracted onboard ship at in situ temperatures to yield the pore water data free of thermal artifacts. Dissolved Cl SO4, Mg, Ca, and K display remarkably few variations from bottom water concentrations even through various sediment types from CaCO8 ooze to siliceous ooze, red clay, and hydrothermal heavy metal muds. However, a few examples of enrichment of K were noted. Dissolved Mn and SiO2, in contrast, displayed marked enrichments, with solubilities likely controlled by rhodochrosite and sepiolite, respectively. No evidence for removals of dissolved components was found.

The origin of the basal cell potential in frog corneal epithelium

1. As the micro-electrode penetrated through the epithelial cell membranes of frog cornea, a stepwise increase in the potential reaching a maximum value of - 60 mV (;basal cell potential') was observed. Upon penetrating the stroma, the potential dropped abruptly but remained negative (;stroma potential').2. The basal cell potential was determined as a K(+) or a Cl(-) electrode, but the cell membrane was far more permeable to Cl(-) than to K(+). It was also permeable to Na(+), but to a smaller extent.3. When the product [K](o).[Cl](o) was kept constant, for a tenfold increase in [K](o) the slope of the basal cell potential approached 58 mV at high [K](o). The slope was greater in the excised cornea than in the whole eye.4. The basal cell membrane was more permeable to SCN(-) than to Cl(-). Its selectivity towards cations was in the order K(+) > Rb(+) > Cs(+) > NH(4) (+).5. In Li(+) solution the basal cell membrane in the excised cornea caused a hyperpolarization, followed by a gradual depolarization. In contrast, a slow progressive hyperpolarization occurred in the whole eye.6. Ouabain applied to the epithelial surface of both kinds of preparations did not affect the basal cell potential, but the potential was reduced when applied to the endothelium. MIAA and FDNB also depolarized when applied to both sides of the basal cell.7. With 90 mM-K(+) solution containing Cl(-) or CH(3)SO(4) (-) applied to the epithelial surface, the potential change occurred only in the high K(+) solution with CH(3)SO(4) (-).8. The significance of these results for understanding the role of the epithelial boundary regulating the influence of Na(+), K(+), Cl(-) and drugs is discussed.

Boron as an Essential Element for Healthy Growth of Citrus

Although small amounts of boron are injurious to citrus species,2 the presence of still smaller amounts may be harmless and even essential for their healthy growth. While boron has been shown by many investigators to be an essential constituent of a rather large and increasing number of plants, it has not previously been shown to be so for citrus. For the past several years the writer has been employing boron as one of the elements of which traces have been added to the culture solution for the successful growth of citrus plants in water and sand cultures. The culture solution was made up from the following salts: sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium acid phosphate, and ferric tartrate. The composition of the culture solution expressed as parts per million was as follows: NA K CA MG FE NO, CL SO4 PO, TOTAL