SnO2 Graphene Research Articles

SnO2-CuO/graphene nanocomposites for high performance Li-ion battery anodes

The nanocomposites of SnO2-CuO/graphene are synthesized via a two-step method. CuO nanorods are firstly uniformly loaded on the graphene nanosheets, and then SnO2 nanoparticles are coated on CuO nanorods. SnO2-CuO/graphene nanocomposites exhibit high cyclability and capacity as anode of Li-ion battery. After 30 cycles, the capacity can maintain at 584 mAh g−1 at 0.1C rate (10 h per half cycle). The high performance can be ascribed to the synergistic effect among SnO2 nanoparticles, CuO nanorods and graphene nanosheets. The results manifest that the nanocomposites of SnO2-CuO/graphene are very suitable for Li-ion battery anodes.

3D graphene aerogel-supported SnO2 nanoparticles for efficient detection of NO2

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene aerogel-supported SnO2 (SGA) nanoparticles (NPs) are presented by a one-pot solvothermal treatment of graphene oxide in the presence of SnCl4 followed by freeze drying. The size of SnO2 nanoparticles on the graphene aerogel is as small as 5–10 nm with uniform distribution. The 3D SnO2–graphene aerogel exhibits interconnected macroporous networks which will be beneficial for gas detection. The SGA shows excellent response and selectivity towards NO2 when other common gases are present at room temperature (RT). The gas sensing responses of the resulting nanocomposites demonstrate that macroporosity in the SGA significantly improves the response and recovery time compared with the 2D SnO2–graphene nanocomposite. The sensing mechanism and the reasons for the better response are also discussed.

A study of the superior electrochemical performance of 3 nm SnO2 nanoparticles supported by graphene

An anode consisting of ultra-small SnO2 nanoparticles (∼3 nm) and graphene delivers increasing capacity upon cycling, up to 1813 mA h g−1 under 2000 mA g−1.

Solid-state synthesis of SnO2–graphene nanocomposite for photocatalysis and formaldehyde gas sensing

SnO2–graphene nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic activity and gas sensing performance has been synthesized by solid-state chemical reaction in one-pot process.

Effect of microstructure and Sn/C ratio in SnO2–graphene nanocomposites for lithium-ion battery performance

Correlations between microstructure and electrochemical performance of SnO2–graphene composites with various Sn/C ratios.

A corn-like graphene–SnO2–carbon nanofiber composite as a high-performance Li-storage material

Download options Please wait... Supplementary files Supplementary information PDF (469K) Article information DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA14790H Article type Communication Submitted 20 Nov 2013 Accepted 10 Jan 2014 First published 10 Jan 2014 Download Citation J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014,2, 4524-4527 BibTex EndNote MEDLINE ProCite ReferenceManager RefWorks RIS Permissions Request permissions A corn-like graphene–SnO2–carbon nanofiber composite as a high-performance Li-storage material Y. Zou, X. Zhou, J. Xie, Q. Liao, B. Huang and J. Yang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 4524 DOI: 10.1039/C3TA14790H To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content. Social activity Tweet Share Search articles by author Youlan Zou Xiangyang Zhou Jing Xie Qunchao Liao Bin Huang Juan Yang

Free-standing SnO2 nanoparticles@graphene hybrid paper for advanced lithium-ion batteries

A free-standing SnO2/reduced graphene oxide (re-G) hybrid paper has been successfully fabricated by a facile vacuum filtration approach through a uniformly dispersed SnO2 nanoparticle and graphene oxide mixed solution. As potential anode material for high power and energy applications, the hybrid nanostructures were directly evaluated as anode for rechargeable lithium ion batteries without adding any polymer binder, conductive additives or current collectors. And the composite exhibits a greatly enhanced synergic effect with extremely high energy storage stability of 700mAhg−1 after 100 cycles benefiting from the advanced structural features.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of graphene–SnO2 nanocomposite for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

Graphene–SnO2 nanocomposite was rapidly synthesized by a microwave-assisted method without using any additive. The as-prepared nanocomposite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries. Results show that the graphene–SnO2 nanocomposite with 70wt% SnO2 content exhibits a stable capacity of about 890mAhg−1 without noticeable fading for up to 80 cycles at a current density of 500mAg−1. Even when cycled at a high current density of 1000mAg−1, the specific capacity still remains approximately 790mAhg−1. The good electrochemical performance can be attributed to the porous structure of the nanocomposite and the restriction effect of graphene on the volume change of SnO2 nanoparticles.

Assembly of Tin Oxide/Graphene Nanosheets into 3D Hierarchical Frameworks for High‐Performance Lithium Storage

3D hierarchical tin oxide/graphene frameworks (SnO2 /GFs) were built up by the in situ synthesis of 2D SnO2 /graphene nanosheets followed by hydrothermal assembly. These SnO2 /GFs exhibited a 3D hierarchical porous architecture with mesopores (≈3 nm), macropores (3-6 μm), and a large surface area (244 m(2) g(-1) ), which not only effectively prevented the agglomeration of SnO2 nanoparticles, but also facilitated fast ion and electron transport in 3D pathways. As a consequence, the SnO2 /GFs exhibited a high capacity of 830 mAh g(-1) for up to 70 charge-discharge cycles at 100 mA g(-1) . Even at a high current density of 500 mA g(-1) , a reversible capacity of 621 mAh g(-1) could be maintained for SnO2 /GFs with excellent cycling stability. Such performance is superior to that of previously reported SnO2 /graphene and other SnO2 /carbon composites with similar weight contents of SnO2 .

Process intensification of uniform loading of SnO2 nanoparticles on graphene oxide nanosheets using a novel ultrasound assisted in situ chemical precipitation method

In this paper, a novel ultrasound assisted, solution-based chemical synthesis method for the preparation of SnO2–graphene nanocomposite is presented. Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the modified Hummers–Offeman method in presence of ultrasonic irradiation. Further loading of SnO2 on GO was carried out with an ultrasound assisted solution-based synthesis route. The prepared GO and SnO2–graphene nanocomposite were characterized by XRD, TEM, FTIR spectra, TGA and DTA analysis in order to confirm the formation of graphene–SnO2 nanocomposite. TEM analysis of ultrasonically prepared graphene–SnO2 composite shows the uniform and fine loading of SnO2 particles (3–5nm) on graphene nanosheets. However agglomerated morphology was observed in case of conventionally prepared graphene–SnO2 composite. The cavitational effects generated due to the ultrasonic irradiations during the synthesis of graphene–SnO2 composite improve the fine and uniform loading of SnO2 on graphene nanosheets by oxidation–reduction reaction between GO and SnCl2·2H2O compared to conventional synthesis methods. The formed material was used for the preparation of anode in lithium ion batteries and its electrochemical performance was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge cycles. It is found that the capacity of SnO2–graphene nanocomposite based Li-battery is stable for around 120 cycles, and the battery could repeat stable charge–discharge reaction.

Photocatalytic degradation of pendimethalin over Cu2O/SnO2/graphene and SnO2/graphene nanocomposite photocatalysts under visible light irradiation

The Cu2O/SnO2/graphene (CSG) and SnO2/graphene (SG) nanocomposite photocatalysts were prepared by simple sol-gel growth method, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements, respectively. The photocatalytic efficiency of catalysts were evaluated by degradation of pendimethalin under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), which conformed that CSG and SG exhibited better photocatalytic activity than SnO2 or graphene alone. An effort has been made to correlate the photoelectro-chemical behavior of these samples to the rate of photocatalytic degradation of pendimethalin.The results demonstrated that the cuprous oxide addition into SG materials could greatly improve the photoelectric activity. The mechanism of photocatalytic reaction is proposed based on the energy band theory and experimental results. The CSG catalyst with higher photocatalytic activity may have great potential in various fields.

Preparation of SnO2–graphene from SnS–graphene oxide for enhanced reversible lithium ion storage

SnO2–graphene nanocomposites (SnO2–GNS) have been prepared through a simple hydrothermal reaction with SnS–graphene oxide composites as the precursor. The composite material as prepared was characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that SnO2 nanoparticles possess a good dispersion on the surface of graphene. Electrochemical tests demonstrate the high reversible lithium ion storage properties of SnO2–GNS. The nanocomposites retained a reversible capacity of 503 mAh g−1 after 40 cycles. Moreover, the composite material exhibited higher capacity and better cyclic performance compared to free SnO2 nanoparticles physically mixed with graphene in the relative weight ratio. The results suggest that the combination of SnO2 and graphene leads to synergistic performance, which enhances lithium ion storage properties of the overall system.

Facile synthesis of sulfur coated SnO2–graphene nanocomposites for enhanced lithium ion storage

A simple and low temperature hydrothermal synthesis approach has been developed to prepare sulfur coated SnO2–graphene nanocomposites as an anode material for lithium–ion batteries. The electrochemical performance of the composites was characterized by galvanostatic charge–discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Results show that the composite material exhibits a reversible capacity of 819mAhg−1 after 200 cycles at 500mAg−1 and an excellent rate capability of 580mAhg−1 at a high current density of 4000mAg−1. The extraordinary performance could be ascribed to the positive synergistic effect of the combination of the nanosized particles of SnO2, the excellent conductivity of graphene and the effects of the coating layer of sulfur.

Enhanced capability and cyclability of SnO2–graphene oxide hybrid anode by firmly anchored SnO2 quantum dots

A SnO2–graphene oxide (GO) hybrid composite was prepared by binding SnO2 nanocrystals smaller than 5 nm in GO using a facile hydrothermal method. Aided by hydrophilic radicals, such as hydroxyl and carboxyl, in in situ forming SnO2 quantum dots, the active material and the flexible support are highly coupled. When used as an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the hybrid composite electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of nearly 800 mA h g−1 (based on the total weight of the composite, discharging at 100 mA g−1) with more than 90% retention for 200 cycles. Besides the excellent cycling performance at various rates, the composite also exhibits a superior rate performance at 10 A g−1 with recoverable initial reversible capacity and a long lifespan of 1000 cycles with 80% capacity retention, outperforming most previous SnO2–graphene hybrid electrodes.

Designed synthesis of graphene–TiO2–SnO2 ternary nanocomposites as lithium-ion anode materials

Well-designed graphene–TiO2–SnO2 ternary nanocomposites, in which the nanometer-sized TiO2 and SnO2 nanoparticles formed in situ uniformly anchored on the surface of reduced graphene oxide sheets, are synthesized by a solvothermal method combined with a hydrothermal two-step method. Although the contribution of anatase TiO2 to the total specific capacity of obtained ternary nanocomposites is limited by its low theoretical specific capacity, the small amount of TiO2 nanoparticles can form more clearance space to accommodate the electrode volume change and act as stable barriers to effectively prevent the agglomeration of SnO2 nanoparticles during the charge–discharge process. Additionally, the good combination and synergistic effects among uniformly distributed TiO2 nanoparticles, high-capacity SnO2 and conductive graphene sheets work together to tackle the aggregation of nanoparticles while keeping the overall electrode sturdy and highly active in the lithium storage process. Therefore, when evaluated as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries, the as-synthesized ternary nanocomposites deliver improved cycling performance (537 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 accompanied by coulombic efficiency of 97% after 50 cycles) and good reversible capacities (250 mA h g−1 even at the current density 1000 mA g−1) in the voltage range of 0.01 to 3.00 V. By limiting the voltage window in the range of 0.01 to 1.00 V, which is the optimum voltage range for the alloying–dealloying reaction between lithium and Sn, ternary nanocomposites exhibit a more stable cycling performance (more than 70% of initial reversible capacity being retained).

Facile encapsulation of nanosized SnO2 particles in carbon nanotubes as an efficient anode of Li-ion batteries

An efficient anode with a superior high-rate capability and stability remains a challenge for development of high performance Li-ion batteries. We present a new concept by encapsulating 2 nm-sized SnO2 nanocrystals in the channels of carbon nanotubes (SnO2-in-CNTs). Characterization shows that the confined space does not only stabilize the small nanoparticles but also alleviates the stress caused by the large volume change of tin species during the charging–discharging process. In addition, well crystallized graphitic structure of CNTs with a positive curvature provides a good contact between SnO2 nanoparticles and graphene layers, and excellent electronic conductivity. As a result, SnO2-in-CNTs as an anode of lithium ion battery exhibit stable cyclability and superior high-rate capability relative to SnO2 nanoparticles dispersed on the outer walls of CNTs particularly under a high current density. The charge capacity remains about 560 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles at 50 mA g−1, and even around 400 mA h g−1 at 1000 mA g−1. Additionally, the facile preparation method we have developed makes such encapsulates appealing for further optimization and applications.

Facile one-step synthesis of a 3D macroscopic SnO2–graphene aerogel and its application as a superior anode material for Li-ion batteries

We present a facile one-step synthesis of a three-dimensional macroscopic SnO2–graphene aerogel. The as-prepared aerogel can be used as a superior anode material with a high reversible capacity and excellent cycling performance for Li-ion batteries, which may be primarily ascribed to the specific structure of the aerogel.

Strongly coupled mesoporous SnO2–graphene hybrid with enhanced electrochemical and photocatalytic activity

A strongly coupled mesoporous SnO2–graphene hybrid has been prepared via direct nucleation, growth, and anchoring of a SnO2 nanocrystal on graphene substrate under microwave irradiation followed by heat-treatment. Investigations reveal that the well-dispersed SnO2 nanocrystals with a uniform particle size of 3–5 nm are homogeneously distributed on the surface of graphene through strong chemical attachment and electrical interaction. The formed structure exhibits a high specific surface area (280.7 m2 g−1) and an ideal synergistic effect, which can provide improved activity and durability for the electrochemical and photocatalytic reaction. Lithium-ion battery performance and photocatalytic activity of the resultant mesoporous SnO2–graphene hybrid are thoroughly investigated. In comparison to bare SnO2 nanoparticles, the hybrid shows substantial enhancement in electrochemical lithium storage properties and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. More strikingly, the as-synthesized SnO2–graphene hybrid anode could deliver initial discharge and charge capacities of 2445.7 and 1329.4 mAh g−1 with a high initial Coulombic efficiency (54.4%), as well as an excellent cycling stability.

Phase-tailored synthesis of tin oxide–graphene nanocomposites for anodes and their enhanced lithium-ion battery performance

We report a tailored synthesis of tin oxide–graphene nanocomposites with variety in oxide phase structure and composition through the control of oxidation–reduction hydrothermal reaction between graphene oxide and Sn2+. The amount ratio of graphene oxide to SnCl2 is critical to achieve either SnO/SnO2–graphene or pure SnO2–graphene composites, which are electrochemically evaluated as the anode materials in lithium ion batteries. It is found that the phase structure and composition play a key role in the lithium ion storage ability. A superior cycling performance is obtained when the nanocomposites exist in pure SnO2–graphene (mass percentage of SnO2: 68%) after 90 cycles, with a reversible capacity of 525mAhg−1 and an ultra-low capacity loss of ∼0.3% per cycle.

Application of graphene–SnO2 nanocomposite modified electrode for the sensitive electrochemical detection of dopamine

In this paper a nanocomposite prepared by graphene (GR) and SnO2 nanosheets was used to modify a N-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate based carbon ionic liquid electrode. The presence of GR–SnO2 nanocomposite on the electrode surface exhibited synergistic effects to improve the electrochemical performance of the modified electrode. Electrochemical behaviors of dopamine (DA) on the electrode were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The results indicated that the GR–SnO2 nanocomposite modified electrode displayed high electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of DA with the increase of the redox peak currents and the decrease of the peak-to-peak separation. Under the selected conditions the oxidation peak current was proportional to the DA concentration in the range from 0.5 to 500.0μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.13μmol/L (S/N=3). The modified electrode showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity even in the presence of high concentration of uric acid. The proposed method was applied to determine DA content in real samples with satisfactory results.