Snatch Technique Research Articles

Biomechanical analysis of the snatch technique for elite and varsity weightlifters

Understanding the importance of movement asymmetries and variations in technique proficiency across different level of weightlifters is crucial. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in joint kinematics, muscle activation, and barbell parameters between elite and varsity weightlifters during the snatch utilizing integrated 3D motion capture and EMG systems. In addition, it analyzes symmetries in joint kinematics and muscle activation in both groups. Ten female participants, comprising 5 elite and 5 varsity weightlifters, along with thirteen male participants, consisting of 6 elite and 7 varsity weightlifters during snatch were measured. Several asymmetries in posture and muscle activation were identified in both elite and varsity weightlifters. In addition, elite weightlifters exhibited significantly more flexed knees than varsity counterparts (p < 0.05) at the conclusion of the second pull and at the highest position of the barbell. Furthermore, significantly lower activity in gluteus maximus was detected in elite weightlifter at the highest point of the barbell than in the varsity groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, elite males achieved a lower maximum height for the barbell compared to varsity males (p = 0.006). Furthermore, elite females demonstrated less horizontal displacement (D2x) (p = 0.005) than varsity counterparts. Varsity women presented significantly lower horizontal velocity (p = 0.003) at the conclusion of the second pull than varsity counterparts. Despite several asymmetries detected, those may not be critical factors in achieving a successful snatch lift, given that all weightlifters successfully completed the lift. However, variations in posture and muscle activation may still be associated with improvements in technique proficiency across different levels of weightlifters.

Analisis Hubungan Antara Mood Atlet Dengan Tingkat Keberhasilan Snatch Pada Atlet Angkat Besi PABSI JATIM Surabaya

Mood or mood is an important part of a person's psychological well-being. Several studies show that physical exercise can positively influence mood. One of the factors that influences an athlete's mental and emotional readiness is mood. Mood Profile for Weightlifting athletes is an important factor that needs to be analyzed. This research aimed to determine the relationship between athletes' moods and the success rate of snatches in weightlifting athletes at PABSI Jatim Surabaya before PORPROV 2025. This qualitative research used mixed methods. Mixed methods is a research approach that combines or associates qualitative and quantitative forms. A research method that uses qualitative data and is described descriptively. The Total Sample Method is a sampling method with the number of samples equal to the population. The sample was taken using total sampling because the population was less than 100 and the entire population was used as the research sample (Masturoh &amp; Anggita, 2018). The sample that can be used is the population sample taken from Provincial Weightlifting athletes (aged 13 - 23 years) totaling 8 people and is only limited so that they can be used as one training group by filling in a mood profile questionnaire and recording the snatch technique. Of the 8 respondents who took the snatch test, all appeared confident. However, when holding and doing the snatch, there is a feeling of doubt and anxiety about whether or not you can accept the weight of the snatch if it is already above. However, after doing the snatch test, he also felt happy by releasing endorphins in his body. The results of the before and after research show that the "Medium" category with the highest percentage is the anger indicator (AMR) of 71.43% and 42.86%, and the confused mood indicator (SSB) of 53.57% and 71%. Indicators with moderate percentages include full energy indicators (PNT) of 85.71% and 75%, self-assessment (PDR) of 80.36% and 80%, and depression (DPS) of 44.64% and 63%. The percentage of fatigue indicators (KLH) was 53.57% and 42.85% and tension indicators (KTG) were 57.14% and 50%. The conclusion of the research on the analysis of the relationship between athlete's mood and the success rate of snatches in weightlifting athletes at PABSI East Java, Surabaya is in the "Medium" condition. Negative mood conditions in the "Medium" category such as fatigue, anger, tension, confusion, and depression indicate that athletes are not feeling stressed mentally and physically. Meanwhile, positive mood conditions in the "Medium" category make athletes have a good mood, such as being full of energy and self-confidence. This is possible because the training portion is good and the conditions leading to PORPROV 2025 are still quite long. So there are still many athletes who experience good mood conditions so the presence of this athlete's mood also supports the athlete's successful performance both during training and during competitions.

Dynamic analysis and optimization of snatch lift based on barbell trajectory and on an anthropometric model comprised of six links

AbstractWeightlifting requires explosive strength, high speed, and flexibility. The aim of this research is to present a method based on barbell trajectory and on an anthropometric model comprised of six links for dynamic analysis and optimization of snatch lift. First, snatch lift is divided into nine stages based on barbell trajectory, velocity, and acceleration, while evaluating dynamic characteristics. Then, an anthropometric model of weightlifter which is comprised of six segments: shin, thigh, trunk, upper arm, forearm, and head is developed. Since the head accounts for more or less than 10% of body weight, it should be considered as one link of one degree of freedom. Physical properties such as mass and center of mass of each link are not given by statistical data, but by anthropometry and calculation in Solidworks program. Finally, for barbell trajectory as one of the most important performance indices in weightlifting, an optimal control problem is formulated to minimize a criterion function defined as the sum of work done by lifter during snatch lift and solved by using Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP). The proposed method is illustrated with case study, showing results in good agreement with ones by analysis of lifter's actual performances. It can help coach or weightlifter to improve the snatch technique.

The Effects of Three Correction Strategies of Errors on the Snatch Technique in 10-12-Year-Old Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Souissi, MA, Elghoul, Y, Souissi, H, Masmoudi, L, Ammar, A, Hamdi Chtourou, and Souissi, N. The effects of three corrections strategies of errors on the snatch technique in 10-12-year-old children: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): xxx-xxx, 2023-Sports movement correction is one of the major problems for motor control and learning. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine which of the 3 strategies, i.e., the self-observation method with direct instructions (SO-DI), self-observation alone (SO), or the direct instruction (DI), would be useful for correcting errors during the snatch technique. Forty-eight children with 2 months of experience were randomly assigned to one of 4 training conditions: SO-DI, SO, DI, or control. In this study, the experience lasted 15 sessions. Subjects completed the test sessions before (T 0 ) and after (T 1 ) 12 training sessions and a retention test session after 2 weeks (T 2 ). The Kinovea version 0.8.15 software was used to measure the kinematic parameters of weightlifting performance. After the training intervention, the data showed that the SO-DI group registered a greater improvement in all kinematic parameters compared with the SO, DI, and control groups, and this benefit was present 2 weeks later in the retention test (e.g., the horizontal displacement of the bar in the first pull with respect to the starting position [T1 vs. T0: +32.57 ± 6.69%, d = 1.87, p < 0.001; T2 vs. T0: 25.07 ± 11.55%, d = 1.32, p < 0.001] and the horizontal displacement of the bar between the receiving position and the reference line [T1 vs. T0: 24.34 ± 29%, d = 1.17, p < 0.01; T2 vs. T0: 25.53 ± 30.4%, d = 0.99, p < 0.01]). The results of the present study could have practical implications for physical education teachers because, even if practice is required to improve the technique, the effectiveness of the learning process is essential to enhance learner self-efficacy and motivation.

Understanding basic snatch techniques for beginner weightlifters PABSI Aceh

Weightlifting is a sport that competes to lift heavy weights called barbells, which is performed with a combination of strength, flexibility, concentration, ability, discipline. The formulation of the problem in this study is the need for good and correct mastery of the basic snatch force technique in weightlifting. The purpose of this study was to analyze the basic techniques of the snatch style and to analyze the initial to late movements of the snatch technique, in Aceh Weightlifting Athletes. This research is a qualitative research using survey method. The population in this study was beginner athletes at the Seuramoe Lifter Aceh weightlifting club with a total sample of 5 athletes, the total sampling technique was sampling.The research states that from the analysis of the Star Position, First Pull, Transition, and Scond Pull movements, with the correct movement position, the average movement of the Seuramoe lifter Aceh Club weightlifter has not seen the Star Position, First Pull, Transition, and A good Scond Pull is in accordance with the research guidelines with a 75% safety percentage. The movements are carried out correctly.

The video feedback viewing in novice weightlifters: Total control strategy improves snatch technique during learning

This study aimed at comparing the efficiency of two viewing control strategies, total control versus partial control, in correcting the snatch technique in school-aged boys (10–12 years old). Thirty-nine participants, with 2 months of weightlifting training experience, were divided into three groups: total control, partial control, or a control group. The Kinovea version 0.8.15 software was used to measure the kinematic parameters of the snatch technique before (T0) and after six learning sessions (T1). Following the learning sessions, total control group showed greater improvements for all kinematic parameters compared with the partial control and control group (e.g., the horizontal displacement (i) in the first pull (Δ Dx2: 18.17 ± 26.75%, p &lt; 0.01, d = 0.83), (ii) between the first and the second pulls (Δ DxV: 25.97 ± 18.02%, p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.52) and from the most forward position to the catch position (Δ DxL: 19.98 ± 21.60%, p &lt; 0.01, d = 1.36), while the partial group improved only on the Dx2 (Δ Dx2 = 21.53 ± 20.40%, p &lt; 0.01, d = 0.86). The present results indicate that the intensive use of the interactive features (e.g. pause, play, forward, and backward) and the asked questions during the first learning phase were essential for the improvement of the snatch technique. These findings have potential practical implications for coaching and physical education teaching.

Kinematic differences between national and college level weightlifters during snatch technique

The aim of this study is to assess the suitability of a micro-processing unit of motion analysis (MPUMA), for monitoring, reproducing, and tracking upper limb movements. The MPUMA is based on an inertial measurement unit, a 16-bit digital signal controller and a customized algorithm. To validate the performance of the system, simultaneous recordings of the angular trajectory were performed with a video-based motion analysis system. A test of the flexo-extension of the shoulder joint during the active elevation in a complete range of 120º of the upper limb was carried out in 10 healthy volunteers. Additional tests were carried out to assess MPUMA performance during upper limb tracking. The first, a 3D motion reconstruction of three movements of the shoulder joint (flexo-extension, abduction–adduction, horizontal internal–external rotation), and the second, an upper limb tracking online during the execution of three movements of the shoulder joint followed by a continuous random movement without any restrictions by using a virtual model and a mechatronic device of the shoulder joint. Experimental results demonstrated that the MPUMA measured joint angles that are close to those from a motion-capture system with orientation RMS errors less than 3º.

Distance Motor Learning during the COVID-19 Induced Confinement: Video Feedback with a Pedagogical Activity Improves the Snatch Technique in Young Athletes.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate which of two strategies, Video Feedback with Pedagogical Activity (VF-PA) or Video Feedback (VF), would be more beneficial for the remote error correction of the snatch weightlifting technique during the confinement period. Thirty-five school aged children with at least three months of weightlifting experience were randomized to one of three training conditions: VF-PA, VF or the Control group (CONT). Subjects underwent test sessions one week before (T0) and one day after (T1) a six-session training period and a retention test session a week later (T2). During each test session, the Kinovea version 0.8.15 software measured the kinematic parameters of the snatch performance. Following distance learning sessions (T1), the VF-PA improved various kinematic parameters (i.e., barbell horizontal displacements, maximum height, looping and symmetry) compared with T0 (p < 0.5; Cohen’s d = 0.58–1.1). Most of these improvements were maintained during the retention test (T2) (p<0.01, Cohen’s d = 1.2–1.3) when compared withT0. However, the VF group improved only twoparameters (i.e., barbell symmetry and horizontal displacement) at T1 (p < 0.05; Cohen’s d = 0.9), which were not maintained at T2. Better horizontal displacement and looping values were registered during the retention test in the VF-PA group compared with theCONT group (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 1.49–1.52). The present findings suggest combining video feedback with pedagogical activity during the pandemic induced online coaching or physical education to improve movement learning in school aged children.

Survey of Barbell Trajectory and Kinematics of the Snatch Lift from the 2015 World and 2017 Pan-American Weightlifting Championships.

Analysis of elite performances is important to elucidate the characteristics of effective weightlifting technique contributing to the highest level of achievement. The general technique of the weightlifting movements is well established. However, it is also apparent that weightlifting technique can differ based on athlete characteristics. Thus, existing technical models may not accurately reflect current technique of top performers or be applied generically to athletes of different skill, size, sex, or ability. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptive study was to update the scientific knowledge of snatch technique of top international weightlifters. This study used video analysis to determine barbell trajectory and kinematics of 319 successful snatch attempts from two major international competitions. Relative frequencies of barbell trajectory types differed based on competition, sex, category, and ranking. No statistical differences were observed among the top-three performers for either sex for most kinematic variables, and there were no overall discernible patterns of effect size differences for individual or clusters of kinematic variables. The results of this study indicate that weightlifting success can be achieved with a variety of technique profiles.

Kinematic Analysis of the Snatch Technique in High Performance Weightlifters

The overall objective of this work is to compare the differences between the execution of snatches performed by high-performance male and female weightlifters as well as the lateral symmetry of the gesture through the 2D reconstructions of the kinematics. Seventeen weightlifters (6 women and 11 men) from “Liga Antioquena de Levantamiento de Pesas” participated in this study. Their movements were captured in the frontal and sagittal plane by means of 2D videogrammetry. The articular kinematics of both men and women present the same bilateral symmetry. However, the transition and turnover phases exhibited the most significant changes. Differences between the two study groups can be found in their joint movement range, barbell vertical velocity, and base of support; the latter two were greater in women. This changes can be useful to provide coaches with basic biomechanical tools to improve their practice and to personalize training.

Relationships Between Olympic Weightlifting Exercises, Peak Power of the Upper and Lower Limb, Muscle Volume and Throwing Ball Velocity in Elite Male Handball Players.

This study aimed to investigate relationships between peak power (PP) as measured by upper limb (PPUL) and lower limb (PPLL) force velocity tests, maximal upper limb force assessed by clean and jerk (1RMCJ) and snatch (1RMSE) exercises, estimates of local muscle volume and throwing ball velocity. Thirty elite male handball players volunteered for the investigation (age: 20.3 ± 2.1 years; body mass: 82.5 ± 10.5 kg; height: 1.85 ± 0,07 %; body fat: 13.1 ± 2.1 %). Lower and upper limb force velocity tests were performed on appropriately modified forms of a Monark cycle ergometer with measurement of PPUL and PPLL, and the corresponding respective maximal forces (F0UL and F0LL) and velocities (V0UL and V0LL). Snatched (SN) and clean and jerk (CJ) exercises were performed to one repetition maximum (1RM). Handball throwing velocity was measured with jump shot (JS) without run-up (TW) and 3 steps shot (T3 step). Muscle volumes of the upper and lower limbs were estimated with a standard anthropometric kit. The 1RM CJ proved to be the most important predictor for throwing velocity. All types of throwing showed a high correlation with this parameter (JS: r = 0.75; TW: r = 0.62; T3step: r = 0.66). The highest relation was detected between jump shot and 1RM snatch technique (r = 0.82). The PPUL muscle volume correlated highly with PPUL absolute power (r = 0.70). In contrast, we did not find any comparable relations for the lower limb (muscle volume vs. PPUL absolute power: r = 0.07). Our results highlight the contribution of both lower and upper limbs to handball throwing velocity, suggesting the need for coaches to include upper and lower limb strength weightlifting exercises and power programs when improving the throwing velocity of handball players.

Comparative 3-dimensional kinematic analysis of snatch technique between top-elite and sub-elite male weightlifters in 69-kg category

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the differences in technical characteristics between top-elite and sub-elite male weightlifters performing the snatch style in the 69-kg category. The obtained results can provide valuable information for lower level lifters and coaches to achieve better competition performance by altering their training methods accordingly. MethodsSix top-elite and six sub-elite weightlifters participated in this study. The heaviest successful snatch lift from the three attempts of each subject was analyzed. The video data were recorded under competition conditions at China National Weightlifting Championship and China Olympic Trial, which were analyzed by SIMI°Motion7.50 3D analysis system. ResultsThe results showed that the maximum vertical- and relative vertical height (normalized by athletes' height) of the barbell, the maximal vertical linear velocity and acceleration of the barbell were significantly greater in top-elite lifters (p < 0.05). In addition, the flexion angles of the knee joint were significantly greater in top-elite lifters during the first phase and the third phase of the snatch lift. Sub-elite lifters showed less flexion and significantly slower angular velocity in knee joint than top-elite lifters during the second phase of the snatch lift (p < 0.05). ConclusionThe findings of the present study demonstrated the differences in technical characteristics between the two levels. According to these findings, coaches of sub-elite lifters should focus on exercises suitable to the strength characteristics of the first and the third phase of the snatch lift. In addition, the flexor muscles of knee joint among the sub-elite lifters should be strengthened and the ability of generating and utilizing elastic energy during the second phase of the snatch lift should be improved.

RESEARCH OF THE MOVEMENT STRUCTURE OF THE QUALIFIED WEIGHTLIFTERS IN THE SNATCH AND THE CLEAN AND JERK TAKING INTO ACCOUNT MODELLING OF BIOMECHANICAL COMPONENTS

The research was conducted during the training process of Ukrainian, Russian and Latvian weightlifters and their participation in international competitions (the World and European Championships). The aim of the current study was to identify qualified weightlifters movements development regularities snatch and clean and jerk through the biomechanical component modelling. A total of 442 qualified weightlifters participated in the research: 242 male weightlifters and 200 female weightlifters. All athletes were divided into three groups according to their weight category: male weightlifters: Іst group – 56–69 kg; ІІnd group – 77–94 kg; ІІІrd group – 105 and +105 kg; female weightlifters: Іst group – 48-58 kg; ІІnd group – 63-69 kg; ІІІrd group – 75 and +75 kg. Obtaining the biomechanical parameters of technical training of the qualified weightlifters in the snatch and the clean and jerk during the competitions, biodynamic and biokinematic complex of movement parameters of the interaction between the athletes and the barbell was examined using the electro-optical complex „Weightlifting analyzer 3.0“,produced in Germany. In all weight categories in the final acceleration phase (F3FAP) and supported squat phase (F4SSP) the best efforts in the snatch are made by female weightlifters, although they lift considerably less weight of loads (by 15–25 %) than male weightlifters. In the first group of weight categories the parameters differ by 1,4 and 4,2 % (р ≤ 0,005), in the second group of weight categories – by 8,9 and 3,9 % (р ≤ 0,005), however in the third group of weight categories differences were only observed in the final acceleration phase (F3 FAP) – by 3,7 % (р ≤ 0,005). The results of the research show that in the instant of the first application of the maximum force (v F1) females develop higher speed of the barbell than males (by 44,0 %). The same tendency is observed in the instant of the maximum knee extension (v MAХ KE) – in this phase the vertical speed of the barbell among female weightlifters is by 4,5 % (р ≤ 0,05) higher than among male weightlifters. Females of the Ist and the IIIrd group of weight categories achieve the best results in the final acceleration phase (v MAX) – they are by 6,8 and 5,4 % (р ≤ 0,05) higher than the same parameters of males of the Ist and the IInd group of weight categories. Significant differences have been also observed in biomechanical parameters of the barbell's movement among representatives of different genders and weight categories. Moreover, in the Ist group of weight categories differences mainly exist in the preliminary squat phase (h PR.SQ.), when female parameters are by 4,5 % higher than male parameters; in the instant of the attainment of the maximum height of the barbells' displacement (h MAX) they are by 7,5 % higher respectively; the amount of force in the process of interaction between the athletes and the barbell in the active braking phase (FАBP) is by 5,3 % bigger respectively. In the IInd group essential differences appeared in the vertical displacement of the barbell in the instant of the attainment of the maximum height (h MAX), female parameters are by 7,3 % higher than male parameters; in the supported squat phase (h SQUAT.) the opposite tendency can be observed as parameters among males are by 47,8 % higher than female parameters; the amount of force applied to the barbell in the supported squat phase (FSSP) among females are by 3,4 % higher than among males. In the IIIrd group significant differences are noticed in the vertical displacement of the barbell in the instant of the attainment of the maximum height (h MAX), female parameters are by 6,5 % better than male parameters; the amount of force in the process of interaction between the athletes and the barbell in the active braking phase (F ABP) among females is by 5,7 % higher than among males.Thus biomechanical parameter changes of the execution technique of competitive exercises in the clean and jerk among the weightlifters of different gender and weight categories show more than 62,5 % of differences in respect of biodynamic and biokinematic (speed and spatial) parameters of support interaction of the athletes. In spite of the same phase structure of the exercises, movements of the first method of the clean and jerk considerably differ from the similar parameters of the snatch technique. This indicates individualisation of model parameter formation of technical training of the qualified athletes, performing competitive exercises within the certain group of weight categories, taking into consideration gender differences.

Biomechanical Assessments of the Snatch Lift : A Case Study

The main aim of this study was to assess the Snatch lift technique - performed by elite weight lifter - by (a) comparing the angular kinematics of upper and lower body joints in both side, and (b) determining the mechanical work, the power output, and the linear kinematics of the barbell during the first and second pulls in the snatch lift. For performing data collection and evaluation, the following software have been utilized: Vicon motion-capture system (Nexus 1.8.4) synchronized with two force plates – in addition to using Polygon 3.5.2 and Siliconcoach software. The result of this study shows that the maximum barbell height is about (1.44 m; that is, 93% of his height 1.55 m) and drop displacement is about (29.7 cm; which is, 20% of his maximum barbell height 1.44m). While during the first pull, the lifter has shown 34 degree of knees flexion; in the second pull, athlete planter flexed his ankle for about 17 degree, which is considered an important part to be included in the explosive phase as it contributes to 10% of the total power produced for the pull. During the second pull phase, the relative power outcome has increased by 100 % in comparison of first phase. The velocity in the second pull was significant (2.5 m.s-1), which might be secondary to the relatively lightweight that was lifted (40 Kg). Thus, it will be interesting to see the impact of increasing the weight lifted on the performance of the athlete as well as its influence on the biomechanical variables measured when evaluating the Snatch lift.

The effects of two different correction strategies on the snatch technique in weightlifting

ABSTRACTImproving motor skills represents one of the major issues in motor control and motor learning literature. The aim of this study was to investigate which of two strategies, method of amplification of error (MAE) or direct instruction (DI), would be more beneficial for error correction of the snatch technique. Thirty well-trained male weightlifters were randomly assigned to one of three training conditions (MAE, DI and Control). The experiment took place in only one practice session in which each lifter performed 3 pretraining trials, 8 training intervention trials, and 3 post-training trials, and a retention test session after 1 week. An optoelectronic motion capture system was used to measure the kinematic parameters of the weightlifting performance. After the training intervention, data showed that the MAE group revealed a greater improvement in several kinematic parameters when compared to the DI and Control groups, and the benefits derived from its application were still present 1 week later in the retention test. Nevertheless, the findings of the present study should be interpreted with caution due to the relatively small sample size; further research will also be necessary to evaluate the effects of MAE with different ability levels and other sport skills. The present findings could have practical implications for sport psychology and physical education because while practice is obviously necessary for improving learning, the efficacy of the learning process is essential in enhancing learners’ motivation and sport enjoyment.

Biomechanical analysis of the snatch technique in junior elite female weightlifters

ABSTRACTThe strength and technical competence of junior female lifters play a decisive role not only for their current but also adulthood performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional kinematics of the snatch technique in junior female weightlifters. Ten elite junior female weightlifters participated in the study. Two cameras operating at 50 fields per second were used to record the lifts. The heaviest successful lifts were selected for the kinematic analysis. The kinematical data were obtained using a motion analysis system. The duration of the first pull was significantly longer than that of the other phases (P < 0.05). Maximum extension angle and velocity of the lower limb joints were significantly greater in the second pull (P < 0.05). The greatest extension angle was found in the knee joint during the first pull, while the greatest extension angle was observed in the hip joint during the second pull (P < 0.05). Maximum extension velocity of the knee and hip joints was significantly greater than that of the ankle in both phases (P < 0.05). In addition, the vertical velocity of the barbell and the absolute and relative power outputs was significantly higher in the second pull than in the first pull (P < 0.05). In the snatch lifting of junior female weightlifters, the angular kinematics of lower limb joints, the linear kinematics and trajectory of the barbell and other energy characteristics are similar to and consistent with the values reported in literature for adult female weightlifters.

The Relationship Between Biomechanical Indicators of the Snatch Technique and Female Weightlifters' Levels

Abstract Introduction . The snatch technique is a discipline in Olympic weightlifting. The lifter has to raise the barbell from the platform directly above their head in one movement. While reviewing the literature on biomechanical analysis of the techniques of weightlifting, one can find positions on the analysis of parameters, such as barbell track, horizontal displacement, and angular positions of the joints in the individual phases of the lifter's movement. Many texts concern female and male lifters taking part in World or European Championships. The parameters of the best competitors are outlined - mostly those who finish in the top five places in competition. Mostly these are parameters regarding male lifters, and less frequently those of female lifters. In the literature review, an overlooked aspect is that of the definition of the diversity of indicators as regards the snatch technique practiced by female lifters depending on score. Material and methods . In the research, registered snatch attempts during the World Championship were used. Videos were used by judges to establish a maximum weight limit for female lifters. The attempts were registered by two cameras and were later digitally processed by the APAS 2000 system. Barbell parameters, maximum speed, average of the bar, and the parameters of the lifter-bar collocation (horizontal displacement of barbell weights and height elevation) were assessed. Results . The analysed attempts show the margin of error for measurement of the average speed of the barbell as 0.03 m/s. The difference in maximum speed of analysed attempts is 15%. The height of clearance of the first-placed female lifter's barbell was 12.7 cm, 30 cm for the last-placed. Conclusions . The sporting level of weightlifting by female lifters influences the analysed biomechanical indicators of the snatch. Those indicators, which are similar in the case of both the World Championship winner and the female lifter who came last, may be described as the average speeds of the barbell. The high sporting level of female lifters performing heavy lifting is characterized by the clearance of the barbell.

Snatch Technique of United States National Level Weightlifters

This study analyzed the top 3 successful snatch attempts by individual lifters in each weight class at a U.S. National Championship weightlifting meet. Two-dimensional (2-D) body position and characteristics of the lifts were compared via 2D video analysis in groups of lifters who displaced forward, showed no displacement, or displaced backward to receive the bar. No significant group differences (p > 0.05) were noted for body mass, bar mass, or hip angle. The rearward displacement group had a significantly greater horizontal distance between the shoulder and heel at the end of the pull (determined as the point where the bar ceases to accelerate vertically). Hip angles for the no displacement group had a small-to-moderate effect size (0.50) in comparison to the forward displacement group, but they only showed a small effect size (0.17) when compared with the rearward displacement group. The forward displacement group showed a small-to-moderate effect size compared with both the no displacement group (0.51) and the rearward displacement group (0.55) concerning the horizontal distance from the shoulder to the heel. These data seem to suggest that rearward displacement in the drop-under phase in the snatch is not detrimental to performance and actually seems to be a preferred technique in U.S. national level lifters. In addition to evidence that rearward displacement is exhibited in elite lifters and is coached globally, it seems this is the preferred technique in international competitions. This technique may be considered a viable variation of the snatch by coaches and athletes of all levels.

Reviewing Current Knowledge in Snatch Performance and Technique

This is a review of current research trends in weightlifting literature relating to the understanding of technique and its role in successful snatch performance. Reference to the world records in the snatch from the 1960s onwards indicates little progress across all weight categories. With such mediocre advances in performance at the International level, there is a need to better understand how snatch technique can improve performance even if only by a small margin. Methods of data acquisition for technical analysis of the snatch have involved mostly 2-dimensional barbell and joint kinematics. Although key variables which play a role in the successful outcome of a snatch lift have been heavily investigated, few studies have combined variables relating both the barbell and the weightlifter in their analyses. This suggests the need for a more detailed approach integrating both barbell-related and weightlifter-related data to enhance understanding of the mechanics of a successful lift. Currently, with the aid of technical advances in motion analysis, data acquisition, and methods of analysis, a more accurate representation of the movement can be provided. Better ways of understanding the key characteristics of technique in the snatch could provide the opportunity for more effective individualized feedback from the coach to the athlete, which should in turn lead to improved performance in competition.

Three-Dimensional Kinematic Analysis of the Snatch Technique for Lifting Different Barbell Weights

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increased barbell loads on barbell and body kinematics of the snatch lifts at 60, 80, and 100% of 1 repetition maximum and to evaluate the biomechanics of snatch technique. The study was performed on 7 elite male weightlifters of the Turkish national team. Four cameras operating at 50 fields per second were used to record the lifts. For 3D kinematic analysis of center of gravity (CG) and barbell movement, the points on the body and the barbell were digitized by using an Ariel Performance Analysis System. There were significant differences between the vertical work values (p < 0.05). The power values of the 3 snatch lifts were also found to be significantly different (p < 0.05). Another significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between maximum vertical displacement of the barbell, maximum vertical velocity of the barbell, maximum vertical displacement of CG, the vertical velocity of CG during the turnover under the barbell. The results demonstrated that vertical and horizontal kinematics of the barbell and body decreased at the pull phase of the snatch technique as the barbell load increased. The power output during the second pull increased although the work done did not change, whereas work and power output increased during the first pull phase depending on the increase in the barbell weight. The finding of this study suggested that weightlifters had to perform the turnover under the barbell and the catch phase faster, because when the barbell weight was increased at snatch lift, vertical kinematics of the barbell decreased.