Green Beans Research Articles

The quality and flavour effects of robusta coffee cultivated at various altitudes in Aceh Tengah District - Gayo Highlands were investigated

Abstract Gayo Highland (GH) is known for its arabica GH also planted robusta in lower altitude areas, but its quality is rarely reported. In Indonesia, robusta is mostly planted in Lampung and Java and thus is well-examined and reported. This study explores the quality of the Gayo-robusta-picked coffee cherries and its green bean and the effect of post-harvest practices farmers apply towards the quality of Gayo robusta. This research used RBF Design with two factors and four repetitions. Factor A is altitude levels, which are 600-800 m.a.s.l, 801-1.000 m.a.s.l and 1.001-1.200 m.a.s.l. Factor B is post-harvest practices, which have two levels with and without post-harvest practices. The result shows that 800-1.000 m.a.s.l altitude showed better quality of red cherries (75.25% ± 3.30) as the black and green cherries percentages are lower than other levels. As the altitude increases, green beans tend to have higher moisture, defect value, and bigger size. The average moisture of the green bean was 12.44%, the defect value was 12.51%, and the green bean size that passed the 6.5 mm sieve was 86.84%. For the cupping test, the average score was 67.33. The best treatment was robusta was planted on 600-800 m.a.s.l and, with post-harvest practices, had a cup test value of 80.25 and was considered a quality of fine Robusta.

SCREEN-HOUSE REARING OF THE CASHEW MIRID HELOPELTIS SCHOUTEDENI REUTER (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON THREE VEGETABLES FOR ITS MANAGEMENT ON CASHEW

Helopeltis schoutedeni (Heteroptera: Miridae) is a significant cashew and cotton pest in East and West Africa. To date, viable laboratory rearing and maintenance protocols have been lacking to facilitate biological investigations on the bug. This drawback has largely hindered its successful management. The potential of three vegetable intercrops, cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus L.), fresh French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods, and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) were the suitable host plants for establishing laboratory colonies of H. schoutedeni. The developmental time, survival, oviposition, and feeding behaviors of H. schoutedeni under screen-house conditions were monitored. Newly hatched nymphs reared on these substrates successfully developed into adults with varying average developmental times of 25.72, 25.81, and 33.26 days for French beans, pigeon peas, and cucumbers, respectively. Similarly, survival varied significantly on the different plants, with the highest survival occurring on pigeon pea seedlings (97-100%) and the lowest on cucumber (48-69%; P < 0.05). Significantly more feeding lesions were recorded on pigeon peas (349.6 ± 82.56) than on cucumbers (52.6 ± 13.62) in the feeding preference test. The proportion of adult feeding during the scotophase was significantly higher than in the photophase (Pigeon pea seedling: t = -3.545; df = 18; P < 0.05, French beans: t = -2.684; df = 28; P < 0.05 and Cucumber t = 3.713; df = 18; P < 0.05). Oviposition was only recorded on pigeon pea seedlings. Present findings demonstrate the potential for using specific vegetables as suitable host plants for H. schoutedeni under confined and open field settings to aid future research studies toward effective management.. KEYWORDS :Cashew, Helopletis Schoutedeni, Legumes, Pest Management, Rearing

Improving productivity of arabica coffee genotype G1 through potassium fertilization

Abstract One of the determinants of coffee productivity is the availability of nutrients in the soil, with potassium being among the essential nutrients required to enhance productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the optimal potassium fertilizer dosage needed to increase the productivity of Arabica coffee plants of the G1 genotype. This study was conducted in the experimental garden of Syiah Kuala University in Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia using a Non-Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). A total of 132 Arabica coffee trees of genotype G1 were randomly selected based on specific criteria, such as 8 years of age, planted with a spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 m, pruned properly, grown under moderately dense shade of Leucaena trees, and well-maintained. The treatments included a control group without potassium fertilizer and multiple groups receiving potassium fertilizers at 29, 58, 87, 116, and 145 kg K2O per hectare. These potassium sources were derived from potassium chloride (KCl) fertilizer containing 58% K2O and Rice Husk Ash containing 2% K2O, respectively. This resulted in 11 treatment units, each comprising 3 coffee trees replicated 4 times, for a total of 44 treatment units. The results showed that potassium fertilization from KCl and Rice Husk Ash had a significant effect on the increased productivity of Arabica coffee genotype G1. The effect was observed based on the number of productive branches per tree, clusters per branch, fruits per cluster, fruits per tree, the weight of red cherries per tree, parchment coffee per tree, green beans per tree, and the green beans yield at 14% moisture content. The optimal potassium fertilizer dosage was 145 kg K2O per hectare, equivalent to 250 kg KCl or 156.25 g KCl per tree. Additionally, it was observed that potassium sourced from KCl was more effective than potassium from Rice Husk Ash due to the longer time the latter takes to improve the productivity of Arabica coffee.

Beans, peas and pulses for improved public and planetary health: Changing UK consumption patterns

Beans, peas and pulses offer significant nutritional, health and environmental benefits (1,2,3, 4) and the FAO states that including pulses in agrifood systems is key to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(5). Recommended intakes vary across national food-based dietary guidelines(6), but higher intakes are associated with benefits including increased satiety, reduced blood pressure, lower risk of cardiovascular disease and improved gut microbiota composition and activity(7). Worldwide, the average consumption of pulses is 21g per person per day(8) but published analysis of UK intakes is scarce. The aim of this review was to analyse consumption trends using two UK government datasets.The Family Food module of the Living Costs and Food Survey details food and drink purchases from approximately 5000 households per year(9). The ‘UK – household purchases’ data include the average (mean) quantities purchased per person per week. Categories relating to beans, peas and pulses were identified, and data were presented as graphs of purchasing trends (1974–2021).The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS)(10) assesses the nutritional status of 1000 participants (1.5 years and over) annually. Personal-level dietary data (2008-2019) were evaluated for subgroups ‘baked beans’ and ‘beans and pulses including ready meal and homemade dishes’, including fresh, frozen and canned beans and pulses, and recipes containing them. Peas/ green beans were excluded because of the nature of the data aggregation. Food-level dietary data (2018-19) were assessed for the frequency of consumption of different types of peas, beans and pulses.Our analysis of the Family Food datasets shows that, at 28g per person per day, the current average (mean) consumption of beans, peas and pulses in the UK is suboptimal. Our parallel analysis of NDNS data showed that more than 40% of participants were not eating any beans and pulses (excluding peas).Dietary trends are shifting. The overall consumption of beans, peas and pulses has been falling steadily since the late 1980s. This is mostly due to the drop in consumption of peas and baked beans, though these are still the most frequently consumed legume categories in the UK diet. Canned pea purchases fell from 88g per person per week in 1974 to 14g per person per week in 2020-21. Baked bean purchases peaked at 133g per person per week in 1986, dropping to 78g in 2020-21.Purchases of other canned beans and pulses (excluding baked beans) have increased noticeably in the last decade, from 17g per person per week 2015-16 to 32g in 2020-21. Purchases of dried pulses have remained consistent, averaging 11g per person per week in 2020-21.This analysis indicates significant scope to deliver affordable, accessible health and environmental benefits through increased consumption of beans, peas and pulses in the UK.

Improvement in the physical quality of genotype G1 arabica coffee beans as a result of applying rice husk ash and KCl fertilizer

Abstract Arabica Gayo coffee has earned global acclaim for its exceptional flavor profile. Its exports primarily consist of green coffee beans, making the physical quality a crucial criterion. Several factors are considered in assessing the physical quality of coffee beans, including shape (normal, single, and damaged) beans as well as size. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the improvement in the genotype G1 arabica coffee beans physical quality through the potassium from rice husk ash and KCI fertilizer. A total of 132 genotype G1 arabica coffee were selected randomly with specific criteria including eight years of age, a 2.5 m x 2.5 m planting distance, well-pruned, grown under shade from lamtoro trees with slightly dense density, and adequately maintained. Moreover, a non-factorial randomized block design was used. The treatments comprised a control, and the potassium application at doses of 29, 58, 87, 116, and 145 kg K2O ha−1 from KCl fertilizer (containing 58% K2O) and rice husk ash (containing 2% K2O), totaling 11 treatment units. Each unit was replicated four times and consisted of three coffee trees, resulting in a total of 132. The research results showed that the potassium fertilizer application from both KCl and rice husk ash increased the 100 beans weight (water content 14-18%), the normal beans percentage, single beans, small and medium beans size, but can reduce the damaged beans percentage and large beans size. The application of 250 kg ha−1 KCl, equivalent to 156.25 g of KCl per coffee trees was found to be the best potassium fertilizer dose for improving all the quality variables of genotype G1 Arabica coffee beans.

Alternative Use of Black and Navy Beans as Green Shell Beans

Although there is increasing consumer interest in newer foods such as green seeds, green shell bean production in Virginia is nonexistent. We conducted replicated field studies during 2022–23 to characterize production potential of green shell beans and green seeds from black and navy beans. Average green pod and green seed yields were 10,121 and 5186 kg·ha−1, respectively, whereas average seed number per pod was 3.6. As a group, black beans had a higher shelling percent than navy beans, with an average shelling percent of 54%. Green seeds from black and navy bean contained 26% protein, 82 mg·kg−1 Fe, and 38 mg·kg−1 Zn in addition to appreciable concentrations of other nutrients. Our results indicated that black and navy beans have potential as alternative crops to supply green seeds.

Chemical and sensory characteristics of Arabica Gayo coffee (Tim-Tim longberry) with different brewing techniques

Abstract Tim-Tim is one of the superior varieties of Gayo Arabica coffee. The cupping test method was used to determine the flavor of the coffee according to the brewing technique. However, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of brewing processes on the physicochemical and sensory qualities of Gayo Arabica coffee, especially Tim-Tim longberry. This study aimed to determine the effect of brewing techniques, i.e., tubruk, V60, Aeropress, and French Press, on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Arabica Gayo tim-tim longberry coffee. The green bean of Arabica Gayo single origin Tim-Tim longberry coffee had a moisture content of 8.5%, ash content of 4.1%, protein content of 12.35%, fat content of 4.9%, and L*a*b color with L* (33.35) dark, a* (-8) green, and b* (13.4) yellow. The average pH of Arabica Gayo tim-tim longberry coffee was 4.5, total soluble solids was 2.1°Brix, and caffeine content was 1.2%. The tubruk technique is recommended for brewing Arabica Gayo Tim-Tim longberry coffee because it is simple to use and produces coffee with excellent flavor and taste.

Penyuluhan Pemanfaatan Kacang Hijau dan Daun Bayam Sebagai Produk Minuman Serbuk Herbal “BHESTI” dalam Upaya Pencegahan Stunting di Desa Way Galih, Lampung Selatan

Stunting is a condition where toddlers fail to thrive due to prolonged chronic malnutrition and repeated exposure to infections, especially in the first 1000 days of life (HPK), resulting in short growth in children who do not meet standards. Based on Riskesdas data, the stunting rate in 2023 will reach 21.6% and every year the stunting rate in Indonesia continues to decline. One of the vegetable or legume commodities that is useful in fulfilling nutrition during the growing period is spinach leaves and soybeans. This is because green beans contain complete protein, namely calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins A, B, C. , E, and K. Apart from that, the nutritional content of spinach includes vitamins and minerals, including vitamins A, B, C, protein, fat, carbohydrates, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron. One local food product that is well received by the public is a drink in the form of herbal powder with the main ingredients being green beans and spinach leaves. This community service (PkM) activity was carried out to introduce the results of innovations in making products that can be produced independently by the people of Way Galih Village, Tanjung Bintang District, South Lampung Regency. This activity consists of three stages including preparation, implementation and evaluation stages. The results of this activity are an increase in the understanding of the Way Galih Village community regarding education about stunting as well as nutritional information needed by children during the growth period which can be obtained through foods that are easy to find in everyday life such as green beans and spinach.

Allelopathy Test of Reeds (Imperata cylindrica) on Germination and Early Growth of Green Beans (Vigna radiata L)

Allelopathy Test of Reeds (Imperata cylindrica) on Germination and Early Growth of Green Beans (Vigna radiata L)

Synergistic effects of intercropping green beans with okra on the bacteria blight disease

Green bean is a widely consumed as vegetable mostly for its nutritional, health and economic values. In Cameroon, the production is hindered by bacterial blight disease cause by Xanthomonas campestris. The aim of this study is to evaluate the synergistic effects of intercropping green bean with okra on bacterial blight disease of green beans. Beans varieties (local green bean, jackpot green bean and dolly green bean) were planted in a field in a Randomized Complete Block Design with six treatments and three replicates in Department of Crop Production Technology of the University of Bamenda research farms. The first, second and third treatments consisted of inter-cropping of dolly green bean, jackpot green beans and local green with okra and fourth, fifth and sixth consisted of mono-cropped of dolly green bean, jackpot green beans and local green beans varieties which serves as the control experiments. Data was collected for disease incidence, disease severity, and number of pods and weight of pods were recorded in all the fields. Pathogenicity assessment was conducted in the green house by inoculating healthy green bean plants with bacterial blight isolate and lesion area measured. Significant variations (P≤0.05) were observed in disease incidence, disease severity and yield. The highest mean disease incident (100 %) severity (64 %)and low number of pods (4.3) were recorded in monocropped fields and the intercropped fields had lowest mean disease incidence(40 %), severity (23 %)and high number of pods (27.3 ).Inter-cropping green beans with okra can be recommended to control bacterial blight disease of green beans varieties.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN AMPAS SAGU SEBAGAI PUPUK KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KACANG HIJAU

Low productivity of green bean plants (Vigna radiata L.). This research aims to determine the effect of using sago dregs as compost on the growth of green bean plants (Vigna radiata L.). This type of research is descriptive type quantitative research with a pure experimental method (True experiment). The population in this study were all green bean plants that had been seeded, while the samples were the green bean plants themselves, consisting of 30 polybags, six treatments with 5 repetitions. The treatments applied are: P0=0 grams, P1= 50 grams, P2=100 grams, P3=150 grams, P4=200 grams, P5=250 grams. The data in this study were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests and hypothesis tests using the SPSS version 15 application. Based on the results of the research, it shows that there is an influence of using Sago Dregs as Compost Fertilizer on the Growth of Green Bean Plants (Vigna radiata L.) in each treatment and replication, namely starting from the first treatment to the fifth treatment and good growth of green bean plants was at a dose of 250 grams (5th Treatment). The suggestion from researchers is that people should be able to use Sago Dregs as a type of natural fertilizer for green bean plants because this fertilizer, apart from fertilizing the soil, also increases more optimal growth of green bean plants.

Volcanic activity during the Early–Middle Triassic transition in the Sichuan Basin, South China: Duration, evolution and implications

The felsic volcanogenic tuff known as ‘green bean rock’ (GBR) and its carbonates are widely dispersed across the western Yangtze Block. This study investigates the origin, tectonic setting and genesis of GBR, as well as the environmental disruptions evident in carbonates from the western edge of the Yangtze Block. The analyses include mineralogy, whole‐rock geochemistry and the isotopic composition of zircon Hf, carbon and oxygen in GBR samples from the western edge of the Yangtze Block. The geochemical profile of GBR shows enriched LREE, Th and U content, depleted levels of Nb, Ta, Sr, Ba, K, Rb and Ti, and strong‐to‐moderate negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.15–0.18). Zircon Hf isotopes exhibit S‐type geochemical affinities with low negative εHf(t) values (−13.3 to −5.7) and TDM2 ages of 1684–2110 Ma. This suggests that the volcanic ashes originate from the magma of an intermediate to felsic composition. X‐ray directionality data show that the most prevalent clay minerals are illite and illite/smectite. Lithium fixed in these minerals is likely to have leached from brine. Early Triassic variances in δ13C profiles are reliable indicators of environmental disturbances, pointing to cycles of devastation and restoration in marine ecosystems, interspersed with extraneous events including volcanic activity. The study posits that volcano eruptions may have prolonged biotic recovery after the end‐Permian mass extinction.

Influence of Super-Absorbent Polymer on Growth and Productivity of Green Bean under Drought Conditions

The water-retaining and yield-increasing capacity of super-absorbent polymer (SAP) are essential for soil remediation in arid and semi-arid areas. Water availability is an increasing challenge to plant development and crop yield. During the growing seasons in 2021 and 2022, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the addition of different amounts of SAP on the development and yield of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Bronco) under varying water deficit stresses, compared with the control treatment without SAP and water deficit stress. The results demonstrated that a 50% reduction in water requirement (WR) resulted in significant decreases in leaf fresh weight, specific leaf area, leaf total chlorophyll content, pod number, leaf free water content, pod fresh weight per plant, and yield. Decreases were also found in pod total chlorophyll content, carotenoids, dry matter and total protein, leaf proline content, and crude fiber content. Additionally, leaf water saturation deficit was significantly increased under the stress compared with the full irrigation at 100% WR. However, irrigation at 75% WR increased pod contents of ascorbic acid, total sugars, and leaf bound water. The current study also indicated that addition of SAP significantly enhanced the above-mentioned growth characteristics under irrigation at 50% and 75% WR. Treatment with SAP at 3 g/plant was the most effective in mitigating the adverse effects of water deficiency, especially at the irrigation rate of 75% WR. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed significantly positive correlations between the growth parameters, as well as pod yield, under water stress and SAP. This study provides a promising strategy for green bean cultivation by adding SAP to soil to alleviate water shortage stress.

Formation of Cysteine Adducts with Chlorogenic Acid in Coffee Beans.

The post-harvest processing of coffee beans leads to a wide range of reactions involving proteins. The formation of crosslinks between proteins and phenolic compounds present in high concentrations of coffee beans represents one of the most challenging and still not fully characterized reactions. The aim of this work was to assess the presence of products from such reactions in coffee samples, focusing on the adducts between cysteine and chlorogenic acids (CQAs). For this purpose, 19 green and 15 roasted coffee samples of the Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, and Coffea liberica varieties were selected for this study and basically characterized. Then, targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were developed to assess the formation of adducts between CQA and cysteine, glutathione, and N-acetylcysteine as the amino acid and peptide models, and quantified such adducts in coffee samples. The results of the characterization showed a heterogeneous distribution of the protein content (8.7-14.6%), caffeine (0.57-2.62 g/100 g), and antioxidant capacity (2-4.5 g ascorbic acid/100 g) in Arabica, Canephora, and Liberica samples. Glutamic acid, arginine, and proline were found to be the major amino acids, while 5-CQA (38-76%), 3-CQA (4-13%), and 4-CQA (4-13%) were the most abundant CQA derivatives of all coffee varieties. The model experiments for adduct formation demonstrated that cysteine binds to CQA via thiol groups and 5-CQA initially isomerizes to 3- and 4-CQA, depending on the conditions, allowing cysteine to bind to two different sites on 3-, 4- or 5-CQA molecules, thus, forming six different Cys-CQA adducts with m/z 476. The reaction was more favored at pH 9, and the adducts proved to be stable up to 90 °C for 10 min and up to 28 days at room temperature. The relative quantification of adducts showed peak area values ranging from 1100 to 3000 in green coffee bean samples, while no adducts were detected in roasted coffee beans. Overall, this work was the first attempt to demonstrate the presence of Cys-CQA adducts in coffee beans and paves the way for further investigations of such adduct formation at the protein level.

Production of Glucose Syrup Derived from Cassava Peel Starch Using Amylase Enzyme from Green Bean Seed Sprout Extract (Phaseolus radiatus L.)

The production of glucose syrup derived from cassava peels starch using amylase enzyme from green bean seed sprout extract (Phaseolus radiatus L.) has been carried out by isolating the enzyme from the green bean seed sprouts extract then purified by precipitation using ammonium sulphate with the saturation of 60% (w/v). Amylase enzyme activity was determined using the Nelson Somogyi method. The research results obtained the activity of the amylase enzyme in the deposition of 60% ammonium sulphate at 12.22 U/mL. Amylase enzyme was applied as a hydrolyzed starch from cassava peels with a weight ratio of raw material with water 10% (w / v) to produce glucose syrup with the addition of 0.25% enzyme; 0.5%; 0.75%; 1% (v / v). The glucose syrup obtained was then tested for viscosity, reducing sugars, water content, ash content, and organoleptics. The best glucose syrup analysis results from adding 1% amylase enzyme with a viscosity value of 238.71cP, water content of 12.45%, reduction sugar content of 33.81%, ash content of 0.49%, and dextrose equivalent value of 50.16%.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Xylaria bifida a new species from French bean and corn fields of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Xylaria bifida a new species from French bean and corn fields of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Morpho-physiological adaptations to weed competition impair green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) ability to overcome moderate salt stress.

The two stresses of weed competition and salt salinity lead to crop yield losses and decline in the productivity of agricultural land. These constraints threaten the future of food production because weeds are more salt stress tolerant than most crops. Climate change will lead to an increase of soil salinity worldwide, and possibly exacerbate the competition between weeds and crops. This aspect has been scarcely investigated in the context of weed-crop competition. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ) to investigate the combined impact of weed competition and salt stress on key morpho-physiological traits, and crop yield. We demonstrated that soil salinity shifted weed composition toward salt tolerant weed species (Portulaca oleracea and Cynodon dactylon ), while it reduced the presence of lower tolerance species. Weed competition activated adaptation responses in green bean such as reduced leaf mass per area and biomass allocation to the stem, unchanged stomatal density and instantaneous water use efficiency, which diverge from those that are typically observed as a consequence of salt stress. The morpho-physiological modifications caused by weeds is attributed to the alterations of light intensity and/or quality, further confirming the pivotal role of the light in crop response to weeds. We concluded that higher yield loss caused by combined salt stress and weed competition is due to impaired morpho-physiological responses, which highlights the negative interaction between salt stress and weed competition. This phenomenon will likely be more frequent in the future, and potentially reduce the efficacy of current weed control methods.

Can magnesium nanofertilizers enhance magnesium use efficiency, biomass and yield in green bean plants?

Crop productivity has been compromised due to nutrient deficiencies, especially magnesium (Mg). Although conventional fertilizers with Mg can improve crop growth, they are often not considered in fertilization programs and are inefficient to meet current agricultural needs and reduce eutrophication and groundwater contamination. Considering this, nanofertilizers can enhance crop growth and lessen environmental impact due to their small size, low fertilization rates, high nutrient efficiency and high specific surface area. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate two different Mg fertilizers in green bean plants grown in vermiculite/perlite substrate. Green bean plants were grown under three distinct treatments: control (no Mg fertilization), Mg nanofertilizer (Nano Mg®) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). Each Mg source was applied at three different doses (50, 100 and 200 ppm). The parameters evaluated were biomass, yield and efficient use of Mg. The results obtained indicate that the Nano Mg® and MgSO4 treatments at 200 ppm increased biomass by 6.61 and 8.38 g plant-1 DW, yield by 60.7 and 49.84 plant-1 FW, respectively. Mg use efficiency parameters were also increased by both fertilizers, which were comparable with each other. Thus, the application of Mg in the form of nanofertilizer is an efficient and innovative alternative, comparable to the application of magnesium sulfate.

Assessment of Transgressive Segregants for Yield and its Component Traits in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Background: Extreme phenotypes carried on by transgressive segregation are, moreover, heritably stable in contrast to heterosis. It has been hypothesized that the development of extreme or “transgressive” traits in segregating hybrid populations assists in the adaptive divergence of hybrid taxa. The investigation on French bean was experimented to evaluate transgressive segregants generated in the F2 generation for yield and related traits. Methods: The present study on French bean was conducted during rabi 2019 to 2022 to elicit data on transgressive segregants produced for yield and related traits in F2 generation. Fertile F1 hybrids were developed from three crosses: IC 632961 × Arka Sukomal, IC 632961 × Arka Arjun and Arka Arjun × IC 63296. Heterosis was estimated for yield and related traits in these hybrids. The F2 progeny were evaluated in open field condition. Mean, standard deviation and percentage of transgressive segregants were estimated for quantitative traits under investigation. Result: Transgressive segregants were observed in all three crosses, with the highest number of transgressive segregants for yield traits found in the progeny of the cross IC 632961 × Arka Sukomal. The identification and isolation of such transgressive segregants indicate that the parents possess favourable alleles and genes governing the traits of interest, which can be consolidated into a single or a few genotypes through stringent selection. Superior and desirable transgressive segregants were observed for all sixteen yield and its component traits, except for leaf length, in the two cross combinations Arka Arjun × IC 632961 and IC 632961 × Arka Arjun. The highest percentage of transgressive segregation was observed for the number of inflorescences per plant (79.49%), followed by the number of pods per plant (78.46%) and pod yield per plant (75.61%) in the F2 generation.

Discrimination of Brazilian green canephora coffee beans by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy as a non-target analysis: A tool for recognizing geographical indications

Specialty green coffee beans have a higher commercial value and some of them have recently been classified in Brazil based on the indication of provenance and denomination of origin. In this context, the classification of the type of coffee bean is still a challenge, using traditional analytical techniques. Thus, alternative analytical techniques, such as ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), as non-target analysis can be applied as a quick and reliable method of coffee classification using data science, such as chemometric tools. In the present study, UV–Vis were evaluated as a new strategy for discrimination of green beans of Brazilian specialty canephora coffees with recognized geographical indications (Robusta Amazônico and Conilon from state of Espírito Santo), for the first time. Spectra obtained from the aqueous extract of 222 samples. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed and subsequently Partial Least Squares with Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model developed. The PCA indicated tendency to group the samples in their respective classes, pointing to the similarities in the spectra of samples of the same origin. The PLS-DA model obtained showed figures of merit values starting at 89.3% in the test set. The VIP scores showed that the variables associated with chlorogenic acids, caffeine and chlorophyll are the most important for differentiating the studied coffees. The results obtained showed that UV–Vis fingerprint − non-targeted analysis associated with PLS-DA is appropriate for the discrimination of green beans of Brazilian specialty coffee from different origins, in a simple way, using common equipment in several laboratories.