Sn Ternary System Research Articles

ChemInform Abstract: The Isothermal Section of the Ag—La—Sn Ternary System at 400 °C.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform Abstract: The Phase Relationships in the Gd—Ti—Sn Ternary System at 473 K and the New Compound GdSn4Ti6.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

LuNi5Sn: A first representative of RNi5Sn stannides with CeCu5Au structure

Abstract Single crystals of LuNi 5 Sn were synthesized from the pure metals by arc-melting with subsequent heat treatment in vacuum. The crystal structure of the LuNi 5 Sn compound was determined and refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It belongs to CaCu 5 family of intermetallics and is the first stannide with CeCu 5 Au structure type in R–Ni–Sn ternary systems (R is rare-earth element).

The isothermal section of the Ag–La–Sn ternary system at 400°C

Abstract The phase equilibria in the Ag–La–Sn ternary system at 400 °C were determined by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. A new ternary compound AgLa 5 Sn 3 was discovered in the system. This compound crystallized in Ti 5 Ga 4 structural type with cell parameters of a = 0.96827 (6) and c = 0.68747 (7) nm. La 2 Sn 5 was confirmed to adopt the Ce 2 Sn 5 -type structure with a = 0.46224 (5), b = 3.5702 (5) and c = 0.46847 (5) nm.

ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of the Components in Dy—Ni—‐Sn Ternary System and Crystal Structure of New Compounds.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

The phase relationships in the Gd–Ti–Sn ternary system at 473 K and the new compound GdSn 4Ti 6

The phase relationships in the Gd–Ti–Sn ternary system at 473 K have been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Twelve binary compounds, i.e. Gd 5Sn 3, Gd 5Sn 4, Gd 11Sn 10, GdSn 2, Gd 3Sn 7, Gd 4Sn 11, GdSn 3, Ti 3Sn, Ti 2Sn, Ti 5Sn 3, Ti 6Sn 5 and Ti 2Sn 3 were confirmed. A new ternary compound GdSn 4Ti 6 was found with space group R 3 ¯ m and lattice parameters a = 0.57857 nm, and c = 2.27976 nm (Gd occupying the 3 a positions, Sn occupying the two 6 c positions and Ti occupying the 18 h positions). The isothermal section of the Gd–Ti–Sn ternary system at 473 K consists of 16 single-phase regions, 30 two-phase regions and 15 three-phase regions.

Phase equilibria in the In–Sn-rich part of the Cu–In–Sn ternary system

Phase equilibria in the In–Sn-rich part of the Cu–In–Sn ternary system have been experimentally investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron probe microanalysis. Four vertical sections have been partially determined at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 at% Cu, and selected samples at higher Cu content have been analyzed. Phase equilibria resulting from a thermodynamic modelling of the system, already available in literature, have been qualitatively confirmed, but invariant temperatures and phase boundaries resulted slightly different from the computed ones.

Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the Bi–Ga–Sn phase equilibria

Binary thermodynamic data, successfully used for phase diagram calculations of binary systems Bi–Ga, Bi–Sn, and Ga–Sn, were used for prediction of phase equilibria in ternary Bi–Ga–Sn system. The thermodynamic functions, such as enthalpy of formation and activity, were calculated using the Redlich–Kister–Muggianu model and compared with experimental data reported in the literature. The liquidus surface, invariant equilibria and three vertical sections with molar ratio Ga:Sn=1, Bi:Sn=1 and Bi:Ga=1 of the Bi–Ga–Sn ternary system were calculated by the CALPHAD method. Alloys, situated along three calculated vertical sections, were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The experimentally determined phase transition temperatures were compared with calculation results and good mutual agreement was noticed.

Interaction of the components in Dy–Ni–Sn ternary system and crystal structure of new compounds

The phase diagram of the Dy–Ni–Sn ternary system was constructed at 870 K (0–50 at.% Sn) and 770 K (more than 50 at.% Sn) using X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The interaction of the elements results the formation of 11 ternary compounds—Dy 6Ni 2Sn (Ho 6Co 2Ga-type), DyNi 5Sn (CeCu 4.38In 1.62-type), DyNiSn 2 (LuNiSn 2-type), DyNiSn (TiNiSi-type), Dy 2Ni 2Sn (W 2CoB 2-type), DyNiSn 4 (LuNiSn 4-type), DyNi 3Sn 2 (HoGa 2.4Ni 2.6-type), Dy 2Ni 7Sn 3 (own structure type), DyNi 2− x Sn (YbNi 2− x Sn-type), Dy 3Ni 4Sn 6 (Ce 3Pd 4Sn 6-type), and Dy 4Ni 12Sn 25 (Ce 4Pt 12Sn 25-type). The formation of Dy 2NiSn 6 compound with Lu 2NiSn 6 type structure was found at 670 K. The crystal chemistry analysis of ternary compounds formed in the Dy–Ni–Sn system was done.

Isothermal section of the Ti–Zr–Sn ternary system at 473 K

Ti–Zr–Sn alloys were obtained by melting pure elements in an arc furnace. Mainly by the method of X-ray diffraction (XRD), the character of phase equilibrium at 473 K is studied for the Ti–Zr–Sn system. The isothermal section at 473 K consists of 11 single phase regions, 16 binary phase regions and 6 ternary phase regions. The existence of a binary compound Ti 2Sn 3 was confirmed in the isothermal section. Zr 5Sn 4 was not observed and no ternary compound is found in the ternary system. The solubility of Zr in Ti 3Sn is up to 5 at.% Zr. The solubility of Ti in ZrSn 2 is about 4 at.% Ti. There is continuous solid solubility between Ti 5Sn 3 and Zr 5Sn 3.

Phase equilibria of the Ag–Gd–Sn ternary system at 400 °C

The isothermal section at 400 °C in the Ag–Gd–Sn system was established by means of X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscope. The existence of two ternary compounds, hexagonal-AgGdSn and orthorhombic-Gd 3Ag 4Sn 4, was confirmed. The lattice parameter of Gd 3Ag 4Sn 4 was refined to be a = 1.52199(6), b = 0.73057(3) and c = 0.45656(2) nm. The existence of Gd 5Sn 3, Gd 5Sn 4, Gd 11Sn 10, GdSn 2, Gd 3Sn 7, Ag 51Gd 14, Ag 2Gd, AgGd, Ag 3Sn and Ag 4Sn binary phases was also confirmed in the present work. Gd 11Sn 10 was observed to crystallize in the Ho 11Ge 10 type structure. Neither Gd 8Sn 7 nor Gd 3Sn was observed in the Gd–Sn binary system. Results of X-ray diffraction suggest that Gd 3Sn 4 might exist. XRD revealed that Gd(AgSn) 3 substituted solution rather than GdAgSn 2 ternary compound exists in Ag–Gd–Sn system. The maximum solubility of Ag in GdSn 3, and those of Sn in AgGd 2 and Ag 51Gd 14 are measured to be about 12, 5 and 4 at.%, respectively.

Thermodynamic modeling of the Au–Ge–Sn ternary system

Based on the available experimental information, the Au–Ge binary system has been thermodynamically assessed using the CALPHAD method. The solution phases including liquid, fcc_A1, hcp_A3, diamond_A4, bct_A5 and D024, were modeled as substitutional solutions, of which the excess Gibbs energies were expressed by the Redlich–Kister polynomial. The solubility of Ge in Au 5Sn, AuSn, AuSn 2 and AuSn 4 was not taken into account due to the lack of experimental data. Combined with previous assessments of the Au–Sn and Ge–Sn binary systems, the thermodynamic description of the Au–Ge–Sn ternary system has been performed to reproduce the reported phase equilibria. The liquidus projection and several vertical sections of this ternary system have been calculated, which are in reasonable agreement with the reported experimental data.

The 473 K isothermal section of the Cu–Ti–Sn ternary system

The phase relationships of the Cu–Ti–Sn ternary system at 473 K have been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The isothermal section consists of 17 single-phase regions, 33 two-phase regions and 17 three-phase regions. The existence of 12 binary compounds and 2 ternary compounds, namely Cu 4Ti, Cu 3Ti 2, Cu 4Ti 3, CuTi, CuTi 2, Cu 3Sn, Cu 6Sn 5, Ti 3Sn, Ti 2Sn, Ti 5Sn 3, Ti 6Sn 5, Ti 2Sn 3, CuTi 5Sn 3 and CuTiSn, are confirmed in the Cu–Ti–Sn ternary system at 473 K. No new ternary compound is found. The maximum solid solubility of Cu in Ti 6Sn 5 was approximately 10 at.% Cu.

Peculiarities of the interaction of the components in the Gd–Cu–Sn ternary system at 670 K and 770 K

Peculiarities of the interaction of the components in the Gd–Cu–Sn ternary system at 670 K and 770 K

Glass formation of Ti–Ni–Sn ternary alloys correlated with TiNi–Ti3Sn pseudo binary eutectics

Glass-forming ability (GFA) of Ti–Ni–Sn ternary alloys was investigated. Applying recent models based on atomic size ratio and efficient packing, the composition favoring the glass formation is predicted. Our experiments indicate that the optimized glass-forming composition is located at Ti56Ni38Sn6, with the critical thickness of complete glass formation approaching 100 lm for the melt-spun ribbons. The Ti56Ni38Sn6 metallic glass exhibits a sizable supercooled liquid region (DTx) of about 35 K and a reduced glass transition temperature (Trg) of 0.52. We demonstrate that the glass formation of the Ti56Ni38Sn6 alloy correlates with the (L ? TiNi + Ti3Sn) pseudo binary eutectic reaction in Ti–Ni–Sn ternary system, � � � �

Phase equilibria in the Au–In–Sn ternary system

Phase equilibria of the Au–In–Sn system have been investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), metallographic examination, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) measurements. The 130 ∘C isothermal section of the phase diagram was studied. The ternary diagram shows six three-phase fields, and one ternary Au 4In 3Sn 3 phase, which melts incongruently at 382 ∘C and shows a homogeneity range between 21 and about 30 at.% In, at constant Au/Sn ratio. The DSC results have been combined with microstructural observations and thermodynamic modelling [G. Cacciamani, G. Borzone, A. Watson, Thermodynamic modelling and assessment of the Au–In–Sn system, CALPHAD 33(1) (2009) 100–108] and seven invariant reactions have been identified.

ChemInform Abstract: The Isothermal Section of the La—Cu—Sn Ternary System at 473 K.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform Abstract: The Phase Relationships in the La—Ti—Sn Ternary System at 473 K.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

The isothermal section of the La–Cu–Sn ternary system at 473K

Abstract The phase relationships in the La–Cu–Sn ternary system at 473 K have been investigated mainly by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The existences of 11 binary compounds and 5 other ternary compounds have been confirmed. A new ternary compound CuLa 3 Sn 4 (space group: Cmcm , a = 0.898744 nm, b = 0.448905 nm, and c = 0.778637 nm) was found. The results show that this isothermal section consists of 20 single-phase regions, 43 two-phase regions and 24 three-phase regions. The maximum solid solubility of Cu in Cu 2 LaSn 2 and CuLa 3 Sn 4 is about 7 at.% Cu and 6.6 at.% Cu, respectively.

Critical assessment of the Ag–Bi–Sn ternary system

A history of system assessments was given, and all the experimental works on its thermodynamics and constitution were mentioned, as well. A dataset for preliminary optimization was constructed, all existing phases of ternary system were listed and appropriate thermodynamic models were chosen. Optimization was carried out in the subsequent steps, and ternary thermodynamic parameters of all the phases under accord were determined. Equilibrium calculations resulted in phase boundary coordinates, invariant reaction parameters and thermodynamic function values; a Scheil reaction scheme was constructed, as well. Calculated quantities were then compared to the existing experimental data displaying the excellent agreement. Suggestion on the choice of alloy compositions was given as for solder material.