Sn Nanoparticles Research Articles

Lithium and sodium storage performance of tin oxyphosphate anode materials

Two types of Sn-based nanostructured materials have been investigated as anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and sodium-ion batteries (SIB). Firstly, nanostructured Sn/SnOx powders were synthesized by one-step anodic oxidation of Sn foil in an alkaline electrolyte followed by mechanical separation of the anodic film from the remaining substrate. Secondly, as-anodized powders were converted for the first time to tin oxyphosphate (Sn/SnP2O7) hybrid via a simple phosphorization with red phosphorous at 500 °C. The XRD and HR-TEM analyses confirmed that the hybrid was comprised of Sn nanoparticles embedded in the SnP2O7 matrix. When used as anode materials, the Sn/SnP2O7 exhibits excellent storage performance for lithium and sodium ions compared to Sn/SnOx that can be attributed to the metal/matrix structure which is not only conducive to the electron transport but also can facilitate the accommodation of volume changes during intercalation/deintercalation processes. A stable reversible capacity with an excellent coulombic efficiency of nearly 100% at different current densities even up to 1000 cycles was achieved for the Sn/SnP2O7 anode in LIB.

Easy preparation of anodic aluminum oxide photonic crystal films with tunable structural colors

Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) photonic crystal films with Sn nanoparticles electrodeposited at the bottom were prepared using a pseudo-sine-pulse anodization technique followed by an alternating current electrodeposition. Moreover, a pore-widening post-treatment was performed for the Sn electrodeposited films. The phase structure, microstructure and structural color properties of the specimens with different preparation histories were examined. The Sn electrodeposition enabled production of brightly colored AAO photonic crystal films after a short-duration anodization (40 anodization cycles) in a sulfuric acid electrolyte solution at a temperature (around 20 °C) near to room temperature, which is technology-friendly relative to the conventional anodization conditions when using sulfuric acid electrolyte solutions, e.g., after 80–300 anodization cycles at around 0 °C. Moreover, the pore-widening treatment was demonstrated to be convenient and controllable in tuning the porosities and structural color properties of the Sn electrodeposited films. The peak wavelengths of the reflectance spectra were nearly linearly blue-shifted from 681 to 574 nm with increasing pore-widening time from 0 to 8 min, concomitant with a structural color change from bright-red to yellowish-green. Meanwhile, the peak reflectances were linearly enhanced from 59 to 84%, corresponding to an increase of the brightness of the films. The linearly varied peak wavelengths and peak reflectances were related to a linear increase of the porosities of the stem and branched layers in the films with pore-widening time.

Catalytic hydrogenation performance of ZIF-8 carbide for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

The conversion of CO2 electrocatalytic hydrogenation into energy-rich fuel is considered to be the most effective way to carbon recycle. Nitrogen-doping carbonized ZIF-8 is proposed as carrier of the earth-rich Sn catalyst to overcome the limit of electron transfer and CO2 adsorption capacity of Sn. Hierarchically porous structure of Sn doped carbonized ZIF-8 is controlled by hydrothermal and carbonization conditions, which induces much higher specific surface area than that of the commercial Sn nanoparticle (1003.174 vs. 7.410 m2·g−1). The shift of nitrogen peaks in X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy spectra indicates interaction between ZIF-8 and Sn, which induces the shift of electron cloud from Sn to the chemical nitrogen to enhance conductivity and regulate electron transfer from catalyst to CO2. Lower mass transfer resistance and Warburg resistance are investigated through EIS, which significantly improves the catalytic activity for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Onset potential of the reaction is reduced from −0.74 V to less than −0.54 V vs. RHE. The total Faraday efficiency of HCOOH and CO reaches 68.9% at −1.14 V vs. RHE, which is much higher than that of the commercial Sn (45.0%) and some other Sn-based catalyst reported in the literature.

Interfacial Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel Coated with Alumina Nanoparticles Doped Tin Composite via Direct Tinning Route

The improvement of the surface properties of ferrous metallic materials has become a crucial criterion for advanced engineering applications. The interfacial microstructure and corrosion behaviour of mild steel coated with alumina nanoparticles doped in tin composite using the direct tinning technique were investigated. A coating layer of tin composite containing different loads of Al2O3 nanoparticles (0.25 wt.%, 0.50 wt.%, 1.00 wt.% and 1.5 wt.%) was prepared and directly deposited on a mild steel substrate. This type of a direct tinning process is considered to be a simple and low-cost route for protecting metallic materials from corrosion. It was found that the thickness of both the composite layer and Fe-Sn intermetallic layer at the coated interfaces was highly affected by the presence of alumina nanoparticles that effectively inhibit the diffusion of Sn atoms into the Fe substrate. For the samples coated with lower content of alumina nanoparticles (0.25 wt.% and 0.50 wt.%), the thickness of the Fe-Sn intermetallic coating (IMC) layer is decreased due to Fe-Sn IMC suppression. Otherwise, for the addition of more alumina nanoparticles (1.00 wt.% and 1.50 wt.%), the thickness of the Fe-Sn IMC layer is slightly increased because of nanoparticle’s agglomeration and flotation. It can be reported that the presence of alumina nanoparticles in the coating layer improves, to a great extent, the corrosion resistance of Sn-composites surface on mild steel substrates. Although the tin composite coating layer with a high quantity of alumina nanoparticles (1.0 wt.%) exhibited better corrosion resistance than the other tested samples, such nanoparticle additions have become increasingly difficult to obtain. It was observed that the Al2O3 nanoparticles agglomeration and flotation that were detected in the coating surface may be related to high fraction nanoparticles loading and to the difference in the gravity for Sn and Al2O3 nanoparticles. However, based on our investigation, a coating layer that contains 0.50 wt.% alumina nanoparticles is highly recommended for achieving long lasting and high-performance corrosion resistance for coated mild steel with minimal coating layer defects.

Effect of Sn Doping on Pd Electro-Catalysts for Enhanced Electro-Catalytic Activity towards Methanol and Ethanol Electro-Oxidation in Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells.

Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) were successfully synthesized by employing the flame pyrolysis (FP) method, using flaxseed oil as a carbon source. The alcohol reduction method was used to prepare Pd/CNOs and Pd-Sn/CNOs electro-catalysts, with ethylene glycol as the solvent and reduction agent. The metal-nanoparticles were supported on the CNO surface without adjusting the pH of the solution. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images reveal CNOs with concentric graphite ring morphology, and also PdSn nanoparticles supported on the CNOs. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) patterns confirm that CNOs are amorphous and show the characteristic diffraction peaks of Pd. There is a shifting of Pd diffraction peaks to lower angles upon the addition of Sn compared to Pd/CNOs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results also confirm the doping of Pd with Sn to form a PdSn alloy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) displays oxygen, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl, which facilitates the dispersion of Pd and Sn nanoparticles. Raman spectrum displays two prominent peaks of carbonaceous materials which correspond to the D and G bands. The Pd-Sn/CNOs electro-catalyst demonstrates improved electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol performance compared to Pd/CNOs and commercial Pd/C electro-catalysts under alkaline conditions.

Electrocatalysts based on low amounts of palladium combined with tin nanoparticles and cerium dioxide nanorods for application as ADEFC anodes

This study demonstrates the structural properties and evaluates the electrocatalytic activity of an ethanol oxidation reaction using ternary materials composed by Pd and Sn nanoparticles combined with CeO2 nanorods (NR) anchored on Vulcan carbon black to be used as an anode in alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells (ADEFCs). The highest open circuit voltage (1010 mV), maximum power (30 mW cm−2) and current densities (113 mA cm−2) were achieved using (Pd1Sn3)10(CeO2 NR)20(Vn)70, while the commercial anode values were 968 mV, 23 mW cm−2 and 123 mA cm−2. Although similar performance for both anodes was observed, the ternary hybrid electrocatalyst contains an 8-fold lower Pd content than the commercial material. This outcome may be justified by the higher defect density presented by the carbon support observed by Raman spectroscopy and the metal oxidation state modifications detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as the electrochemically active surface area presented by the ternary electrocatalyst. The combination of higher vacancies, defects and oxygenated species in the carbon support and the synergistic effect between the oxyphilic Sn and CeO2 NR species and the Pd nanoparticles results in an electrochemical performance that makes these ternary electrocatalysts promising anode materials for ADEFC applications.

Construction of N-doped C@MoS2 heteroshell with the yolk of Sn nanoparticles as high-performance anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Herein, we demonstrate the reasonable design and preparation of yolk-heteroshell Sn@N-doped C@MoS2 nanospheres as anode materials in sodium-ion battery. Through an effective multi-step strategy, Sn nanoparticles are encapsulated in N-doped C nanocage surrounded by ultra-thin MoS2 nanosheets to form Sn@N-doped C@MoS2 nanospheres. In this novel structure, Sn nanoparticles with high theoretical capacity improve the space utilization inside the heteroshell; the N-doped carbon nanocage as the skeleton not only inhibits the mutual accumulation of Sn and MoS2, but also improves conductivity; the outer MoS2 ultra-thin sheets can consolidate C@MoS2 heteroshell, provide numerous active sites and favor the fast diffusion of Na+/e-. Notably, the combination of carbon nanocage and MoS2 sheets in the yolk-heteroshell structure can effectually buffer the volume expansion of Sn nanoyolks and reinforce C@MoS2 heteroshell while reducing the carbon content. Therefore, the yolk-heteroshell structure plays a crucial role in enhanced reversible capacity and cyclic stability of Sn@N-doped C@MoS2 nanospheres, which activates their sodium storage potential. The yolk-heteroshell Sn@N-doped C@MoS2 nanospheres exhibit high reversible capacity of 488.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 300 cycles and long-cycle stability of 350.6 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 500 cycles. Moreover, their full cell delivers a stable reversible discharge capacity of about 80.1 mAh g−1 after 30 cycles at 0.5 C. This work provides a feasible yolk-heteroshell strategy for Sn-based composite nanomaterials.

Convective heat transfer performance of thermal oil-based nanofluids in a high-temperature thermohydraulic loop

Enhancing the performance of heat transfer fluids (HTF) is a key target for improving the efficiency of many industrial processes. Employing nanofluids for this purpose, by dispersing nanoparticles into the initial HTF to improve its thermo-physical properties, is one possible way to increase its heat transfer capacity. However, testing these properties at high temperature is not always easy. An experimental setup consisting of a thermohydraulic loop for high-temperature heat transfer measurements was developed in this work. The accuracy and repeatability of the measurements taken in the heat transfer loop were ensured. A nanofluid consisting of a commercial thermal oil, doped with Sn nanoparticles at 1 wt% and olive oil surfactant used to enhance colloidal stability, was tested and compared to the results obtained for the base fluid and the base fluid/stabiliser mixture employing their experimentally measured thermo-physical properties. The nanofluid generally enhanced the convective heat transfer coefficient in relation to the base fluid with enhancements of up to 7.23% at 200 °C and 9.43% at 140 °C vs. the pure base fluid.

Electrospun Fe3O4-Sn@Carbon Nanofibers Composite as Efficient Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries.

Nanoscale Fe3O4-Sn@CNFs was prepared by loading Fe3O4 and Sn nanoparticles onto CNFs synthesized via electrostatic spinning and subsequent thermal treatment by solvothermal reaction, and were used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The prepared anode delivers an excellent reversible specific capacity of 1120 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 100 mA·g−1 at the 50th cycle. The recovery rate of the specific capacity (99%) proves the better cycle stability. Fe3O4 nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of nanofibers with high density, effectively increasing the electrochemical reaction sites, and improving the electrochemical performance of the active material. The rate and cycling performance of the fabricated electrodes were significantly improved because of Sn and Fe3O4 loading on CNFs with high electrical conductivity and elasticity.

Enhanced cycling performance of Sn nanoparticles embedded into the pyrolytic biochar from tea-seed shells as composite anode materials for lithium ions batteries

Novel Sn nanoparticles embedded into the pyrolytic biochar from tea-seed shells composite powders labeled as Sn/C are successfully prepared by a simple calcination method, which are evaluated by FE-SEM, XRD, XPS and TG. Those results indicate that the Sn/C-1.5 composite powders with an optimal weight ratio of Na2SnO3 to pyrolytic biochar powders approximating to 1.5:1 can exhibit a stable structure and great crystallinity, in which the pyrolytic biochar structure can not only substantially buffer the volume contraction and expansion of Sn nanoparticles, but also provide a high electronic conductivity and inhibit the agglomeration of Sn nanoparticles during cycles. The cell assembled with Sn/C-1.5 can deliver a higher initial discharge specific capacity of 872.6 mAh g−1 with a coulombic efficiency of 76.5% and retain 373.5 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Those enhanced electrochemical performance as well as excellent environmental friendliness of the as-prepared Sn/C-1.5 composite powders contributes them to be potential anode materials for lithium ions batteries.

Electric-field-driven electrochemical CO2 reduction of sharpened Sn/Cu catalysts

Sharpening of noble metal catalysts has been proven to enhance the performance of CO2 electrochemical reduction to CO. However, this approach has not been validated for non-precious metal catalysts such as Cu-based bimetallic catalysts. Moreover, the morphology of sharpened catalysts was relatively random and non-uniform, making it difficult to quantify the curvature of nanostructures. Here, we experimentally studied the relationship between sharpness of Sn/Cu catalysts with their activity through the fabrication of Sn/Cu foil, rods, and cones. The Sn/Cu catalysts were fabricated by template-based nanoimprint lithography, electroplating of Cu film, and electroless coating of Sn nanoparticles. The finite-element-based simulation provides evidence that the local electric field intensified as the curvature of catalysts increased. As a result, Sn/Cu cones exhibited much better faradaic efficiency of CO (FECO) = 82.7% and current density of CO (jCO) = 5.43 mA/cm2 than Sn/Cu foil (FECO = 41.3% and jCO = 2.29 mA/cm2) and Sn/Cu rods (FECO = 59.7% and jCO = 3.87 mA/cm2). This work reveals that the local electric field induced by the sharp tip plays a significant role in improving the FECO and lowering the onset potential of CO2 reduction reaction.

Orderly stacked graphene sheets supporting SnO2 nanoparticles as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries with incremental capacity

The large capacity fading and short lifespan of SnO2-based anodes originate from the serious coarsening of Sn nanoparticles caused by structural reorganization of SnO2 during repeated cycling. Herein, a hybrid structure composed of SnO2 supported on orderly stacked graphene sheets (SnO2@OS-rGO) is constructed by freeze-casting method to address the above issues. The orderly stacked graphene anchors SnO2 firmly depending on the π-π interactions, thus improves the discharge capacity and cycling stability of SnO2. Besides, the ordered graphene promotes the reaction kinetics of SnO2@OS-rGO by shorten the transmission path of lithium ions. As a result, the obtained SnO2@OS-rGO delivers an unconventional discharge capacity up to 1080 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 for over 500 cycles, which increased by ~ 200% compared with the 1st cycle. The gradually increasing capacity originates from the improvement of the conversion reaction. This study provides a new strategy for developing long cycle stable SnO2 anodes by introducing orderly stacked graphene.

Structure–Property Relationships of Pt–Sn Nanoparticles Supported on Al2O3 for the Dehydrogenation of Methylcyclohexane

The structure–catalytic property relationships of Al2O3-supported Pt–Sn nanoparticles (Pt–Sn/Al2O3) in the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane (MCH) were investigated by varying the Sn/Pt ratios of the catalysts. The initial activity and the deactivation rate of the Pt–Sn/Al2O3 catalysts in the MCH dehydrogenation decreased in line with an increase in the Sn/Pt ratio from 0 to 3. The Pt–Sn/Al2O3 catalyst with a Sn/Pt ratio of 2 showed good activity, durability, and toluene selectivity in the MCH dehydrogenation among the series of catalysts. The dispersion of Pt in the Pt–Sn/Al2O3 catalysts was observed to decrease with an increase in the Sn/Pt ratio. Structural changes in the catalysts from Pt–Sn clusters to intermetallic Pt3Sn and PtSn nanoparticles were also observed using scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. According to structural analysis using X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy using carbon monoxide as a probe, the electron density of Pt increased, and the fraction of Pt–Pt adjacent sites decreased with an increase in the Sn/Pt ratio. Comparing the catalytic properties and the structures of the Pt–Sn/Al2O3 catalysts, their initial activities were correlated with the dispersion of Pt. In addition, the durability and selectivity of the catalysts were enhanced due to an increase in the electron density of Pt and a decrease in the number of Pt–Pt adjacent sites. Overall, the properties of the catalysts in the MCH dehydrogenation are determined by the local structure of Pt atoms rather than the crystal structure of the Pt–Sn alloy nanoparticles on Al2O3.

Modelling of size-dependent thermodynamic properties of metallic nanocrystals based on modified Gibbs\u2013Thomson equation

In this paper, a new theoretical two-phase (solid–liquid) type model of melting temperature has developed based on the modified Gibbs–Thomson equation. Further, it is extended to derive other different size-dependent thermodynamic properties such as cohesive energy, Debye temperature, specific heat capacity, the thermal and electrical conductivity of metallic nanoparticles. Quantitative calculation of the effect of size on thermodynamic properties resulted in, varying linearly with the inverse of characteristic length of nanomaterials. The models are applied to Al, Pb, Ag, Sn, Mo, W, Co, Au and Cu nanoparticles of spherical shape. The melting temperature, Debye temperature, thermal and electrical conductivity are found to decrease with the decrease in particle size, whereas the cohesive energy and specific heat capacity are increased with the decrease in particle size. The present model is also compared with previous models and found consistent. The results obtained with this model validated with experimental and simulation results from several sources that show similar trends between the model and experimental results.Graphic abstract

Simple design of a Si–Sn–C ternary composite anode for Li-ion batteries

Previous research established that Si–Sn–C ternary composite electrodes composed of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) having robust double-hole structures filled with Si and SnOx nanoparticles displayed excellent electrochemical performance due to the thermodynamic contribution of Sn. This study reports simple and highly commercial ternary composite electrodes. By electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatment, Si and Sn nanoparticles were dispersed in solid CNFs to form Si–Sn–SC nanofibers, or they were incorporated into a core of hollow CNFs to form Si–Sn−HC nanofibers. The rate performances of these two ternary electrodes displayed quite good retention because of the ternary composition, but their rate performances differed at high current densities (5000 and 10,000mAg–1); the core/shell structure of the Si–Sn−HC nanofibers was more beneficial for rate performance retention than the Si–Sn–SC nanofibers having intimate electrical contact of Sn and Si with the carbon matrix. Improved cycling performances also resulted from the structure of the Si–Sn−HC nanofibers. The core/shell structured Si–Sn–C ternary composite anode thus has an advantageous structure for high-power Li-ion batteries having long-term stability.

Two-dimensional PdSn/TiO2-GO towards ethanol electrooxidation catalyst with high stability

Simple sol-gel method and microwave method were used to prepare two-dimensional Pd1Snx/TiO2-GO catalyst with high catalytic activity and strong resistance to CO poisoning. The morphology and structure of Pd1Snx/TiO2-GO catalyst were characterized by TEM, XRD and XPS. It was shown that the spindle TiO2 are uniformly fixed on the GO sheets and can still maintain the morphology after Pd and Sn nanoparticles loading. At the same time, Pd and Sn NPs were both uniformly anchored on the surface of the composite carrier according to EDS element mapping. The two-dimensional composite support TiO2-GO formed by the spindle-shaped TiO2 grown uniformly in-situ on GO helps to achieve uniform anchoring of metal nanoparticles. By introducing the second metal Sn, the electronic structure of Pd can be modified to provide more oxygen-containing groups, which leads to a more complete ethanol oxidation process. Through electrochemical tests, it can be found that Pd1Snx/TiO2-GO had excellent catalytic activity, anti-poisoning ability and long-term stability for ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline environment. The residual current density of Pd1Sn0.40/TiO2-GO is 7 times than that of PdSn/C (JM). Especially, the residual current density of Pd1Sn0.40/TiO2-GO catalyst only decreased by 16.7% after continuously scanned by cyclic voltammetry for 8 times.

Lead-free tin perovskite solar cells

Summary The development of efficient and stable lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is crucial for addressing the concern of environmental pollution from the toxic element lead. In recent years, tin PSCs have emerged as a promising candidate for high-performance, eco-friendly photovoltaic technology with a high certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of more than 11%, indicating a great potential for future applications. Here, we review the recent efficiency progress of tin PSCs based on the equivalent circuit model of solar cells. We then discuss approaches toward efficiency improvement from the device viewpoint, such as optimizing the band gap, increasing the light-harvesting efficiency and carrier diffusion length, surface passivation, and regulating the interface energy-level alignment. Finally, we point out the possibility of reaching 20% PCE for tin PSCs and issues regarding enlarging the cell size and realizing scalable production in the future. We expect that these perspectives will be helpful for accelerating the commercialization of tin PSCs.

ZnO\u2013SnO2\u2013Sn nanocomposite as photocatalyst in ultraviolet and visible light

By combining ZnO with SnO2, it is possible to obtain a photocatalyst with an extended lifetime and increased activity range in both ultraviolet and visible light. The paper presents the synthesis of ZnO–SnO2–Sn nanocomposite. The morphology and structure of the samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDS and TEM–EDX analysis. The results showed that the synthesised nanocomposites consisted of hexagonal ZnO, cubic SnO2 and Sn nanoparticles. The results revealed that the highest removal efficiency (15.0%) of rhodamine B under visible light was achieved with ZnO–SnO2–Sn consisting of 10% of SnO2 and 5% of Sn, whereas the highest removal efficiency of methylene blue (95.6%) under UV light was achieved with ZnO–SnO2–Sn consisting of 10% of SnO2 and 1% of Sn. The presence of tin nanoparticles enhanced the photocatalytic properties directed towards visible light. The degradation of MB by ZnO–SnO2–Sn remained above 80% even in the 5th cycle, while under visible light during photodegradation the RB removal efficiency decreased from 20 to 14%.

Nanocomposite SAC solders: the effect of heat treatment on the morphology of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu/Cu solder joints reinforced with Ni and Ni–Sn nanoparticles

The concept of nanocomposite lead-free solders has provided a promising approach to improve mechanical reliability of solder joints. Minor additions of metal nanoparticles into the commonly used Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder impact on the morphology of both the solder alloy and solder/Cu joint. For instance, it was stated that the average thickness of the interfacial intermetallic compound layer between Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder and Cu substrate decreases by addition up to 2.0wt.% of nano-sized Ni and Ni–Sn particles. The present research is the follow-up of our previous study and is focused on the investigations of the thermal aged Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder joints with up to 2.0wt.% of nano-sized Ni, Ni3Sn and Ni3Sn2 inclusions. The produced Cu/nanocomposite solder/Cu joints were kept at the temperature of 423 K for 10 and 20 days. Based on the average thickness of the interfacial intermetallic compound layer Cu6Sn5/Cu3Sn estimated for solder joints with different aging time, the growth kinetics of the interfacial IMC layer was examined.

Reexamining Different Factors of the Resonance-Enhanced High-Order Harmonic Generation in Atomic and Nanoparticle Laser-Induced Tin Plasmas

We reexamine the resonance enhancement of a single harmonic emission during the propagation of ultrafast pulses through atomic and nanoparticle tin-containing laser-induced plasma (LIP). We compare the single atomic Sn and Sn nanoparticle plasmas to demonstrate a distinction in the enhancement factor of the single harmonic in the case of fixed and tunable near-infrared pulses. The analysis of the dynamics of Sn LIP shows the range of optimal delays between heating and driving pulses (130–180 ns), at which the maximal harmonic yield can be achieved. The enhancements of the 17th and 18th harmonics of 806 nm pulses were analyzed in the case of single-color and two-color pumps of LIP, showing up to a 12-fold enhancement of even harmonics in the two-color pump case. We show the enhancement of a single harmonic in the vicinity of the 4d105s25p2P3/2→4d95s25p2 transitions of Sn II ions and demonstrate how this process depends on the constituency of the plasma components at different conditions of target ablation. The application of tunable (1280–1440 nm) radiation allows for demonstrating the variations of single harmonic enhancement using a two-color pump of Sn-containing LIP.