Smooth Line Research Articles

GCL_FCS30: a global coastline dataset with 30-m resolution and a fine classification system from 2010 to 2020

The coastline reflects coastal environmental processes and dynamic changes, serving as a fundamental parameter for coast. Although several global coastline datasets have been developed, they mainly focus on coastal morphology, the typology of coastlines are still lacking. We produced a Global CoastLine Dataset (GCL_FCS30) with a detailed classification system. The coastline extraction employed a combined algorithm incorporating the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index and an adaptive threshold segmentation method. The coastline classification was performed a hybrid transect classifier that integrates a random forest algorithm with stable training samples derived from multi-source geophysical data. The GCL_FCS30 offers significant advantages in capturing artificial coastlines, reflecting strong alignment with location validation data. The GCL_FCS30 classification was found to achieve an overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient over 85% and 0.75. Each coastline category accurately covered the majority of the area represented in third-party data and exhibited a high degree of spatial relevance. Therefore, the GCL_FCS30 is the first global coastline category dataset covering the high latitudes in a continuous and smooth line vector format.

Correlation Analysis and Construction of a Predictive Model Between Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Features and the Risk of Recurrence in Granulomatous Mastitis.

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an inflammatory breast condition with high recurrence risk, often complicating management. Existing imaging techniques provide limited predictive insight. This study aims to analyze the correlation between contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features and the risk of GM recurrence, developing a predictive model. A retrospective review included 510 patients diagnosed with GM from 2017 to 2022, divided into non-recurrence (non-recurrence, n=389) and recurrence (recurrence, n=121) groups. CEUS was conducted to assess lesion perfusion and enhancement patterns. Key features such as isoenhancement and perfusion defects were analyzed. Correlation analyses, ROC, univariate, and multivariate analyses informed the predictive model construction using XGBoost. External validation was performed to confirm model reliability. CEUS features like homogeneous (rho=0.137, P=0.002) and heterogeneous isoenhancement (rho=0.134, P=0.002) showed significant correlations with recurrence risk. Perfusion defects (rho=0.127, P=0.004) and not smooth edge lines of defects (rho=0.234, P<0.001) were also associated. The predictive model, integrating CEUS patterns, achieved anarea under the curve (AUC) of 0.822, indicating strong predictive validity. External validation confirmed the model's efficacy (AUC=0.808). CEUS imaging reveals specific vascular and enhancement patterns that correlate with the risk of GM recurrence, providing critical diagnostic and prognostic value.

Relationship Between Frequency Domain Indicators of Heart Rate Variability and Both Age and Duration of Illness in Patients with Headache: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background/Objectives: One of the most prevalent neurological conditions in the world, headaches impact a large number of people. Patients who experience headaches often have autonomic nervous system dysfunction, which can influence the onset and duration of headaches. Heart rate variability (HRV) serves as an indicator of the autonomic nervous system's activity and balance. In this study, we looked at the frequency domain of HRV in relation to age and headache duration in patients who had headaches. Methods: This cross-sectional research is a secondary analysis that makes use of data gathered from previously registered study projects. They were adult males and females aged 19 to 80. HRV was recorded in three channels over the course of 20 min using a 256 Hz sampling interval. HRV frequency domain was utilized to analyze the relationship between HRV and headache duration as well as between HRV and age. Results: In a smooth curve through the scatterplot using the locally estimated scatterplot smoothing line, low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) declined beyond around 60 years of age, while the total power (TP) decreased until about 50 years of age, after which there was no discernible change. The duration of the headache did not significantly correlate with LF/HF or TP. However, TP decreased with age in the multivariate linear regression model (coefficient [95% confidence interval]: -0.003 [-0.003--0.002]). Conclusions: There may be associations between HRV indices and age, but these associations may not be linear.

Research on Minority Character Recognition - Taking Small Seal Font as an Example

Text recognition is one of the important fields of computer vision and is widely used in automated office, assisted reading and other fields. With the continuous development of deep learning, the visual language text recognition method generated by the combination of optical character recognition and natural language processing involves the technology of recognizing text information from images or videos, which greatly improves the machine's understanding ability and interaction efficiency. However, for some niche fonts, such as Urdu, Xixia, and Xiaozhuan, these characters have complex structures, diverse strokes, and sloppy writing, making them a challenging field in text recognition. Taking Small Seal Scripts, also called Xiaozhuan, as an example, this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the current Xiaozhuan text recognition algorithm, and proposes algorithm improvement suggestions for the segmentation of Xiaozhuan characters on seals. Xiaozhuan fonts are quite different from modern Chinese characters, mainly reflected in the stroke structure, writing style, and the correlation between characters. It has smoother lines and many glyphs are unique. This complexity makes it difficult to directly apply traditional Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology. Therefore, many studies have combined image preprocessing, character segmentation, and deep learning models for automatic recognition. Future research should focus more on the generalization and lightweight of the model so that it can run on devices with limited computing resources.

Conical Annular Nozzle Pressure Prediction and Applications to 3D Food-Printing for Dysphagia Diets

In order to solve the dietary problems of patients with dysphagia, a mathematical model for predicting extrusion pressure is established. The predictive model parameters are determined with the aid of the finite element method, and a 3D printing nozzle capable of printing nutrient-rich sandwich food is designed according to the predictive model. Pumpkin puree and minced pork are verified according to IDDSI standards. Finally, the accuracy of the predictive model and the printing effect of the design nozzle are verified by extrusion and printing experiments, respectively. The results show that four groups of simulation experiments reveal that the extrusion pressure increases by 15.6%, 13.5%, 12.7% and 12.4%, respectively, with a 1 cm increase in nozzle length. When the nozzle length is in the range of 1–5 cm, the extrusion pressure increases with the increase of the volume flow rate in the extrusion cylinder. The extrusion speed has little correlation with the length of the nozzle outlet, but for every 1 cm3/s increase in the inlet volume flow rate, the extrusion speed increases by about 1.5%. The finite element simulation experiment determines that the parameters of the prediction model are σ0 = 0.6, α = 1.1, m = 0.21, τ0 = 0, β = 0.52 and n = 0.2; the error between the predictive value and the experimental value is 15%, and the printed sandwich food has smooth lines, good molding and complies with IDDSI standards.

The Role of Health in the Technology Acceptance Model Among Low-Income Asian American Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis.

Self-rated health is associated with information and communications technology (ICT) use among older adults. Non-US born, older Asian American individuals are more inclined to rate their health as fair or poor compared to individuals from other racial and ethnic backgrounds. This population is also less likely to use ICTs as compared to White older Americans. Furthermore, cognitive decline may impact technology acceptance. In a previous adaptation of the technology acceptance model for low-income, Asian American older adults, perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), age, educational attainment, ethnicity, and English proficiency were significant predictors of ICT use. However, the association between health and technology acceptance has not been explored among Asian American older adults. This study examined the role of self-rated health and subjective cognitive decline in the acceptance and use of ICTs among low-income, Asian American older adults. This cross-sectional survey included Asian American individuals aged ≥62 years living in affordable housing for older adults (N=392). Using hierarchical multiple regression, we explored the association between self-rated health and ICT use and technology acceptance model mediators (PU and PEOU) while adjusting for demographics, English proficiency, and subjective cognitive decline. Contrast statements were used to estimate contrasts of interest. To further examine the separate and joint association between age and subjective cognitive decline and the dependent variables, we examined scatterplots with locally estimated scatterplot smoothing lines, revealing that the relationship between subjective cognitive decline and ICT use varied in 3 age segments, which led to updating our analysis to estimate differences in ICT use among age categories with and without subjective cognitive decline. Self-rated health was not significantly associated with ICT use (β=.087; P=.13), PU (β=.106; P=.10), or PEOU (β=.062; P=.31). However, the interaction terms of subjective cognitive decline and age significantly improved the model fit for ICT use (ΔR2=0.011; P=.04). In reviewing scatterplots, we determined that, in the youngest age group (62-74 years), ICT use increased with subjective cognitive decline, whereas in the older age groups (75-84 and ≥85 years), ICT use decreased with subjective cognitive decline, more so in the oldest age category. Through regression analysis, among participants with subjective cognitive decline, ICT use significantly decreased in the middle and older age groups as compared to the youngest age group. However, among participants without subjective cognitive decline, the difference in use among age groups was not significant. This study contributes to the understanding of the complex relationship between health and ICT acceptance among low-income, Asian American older adults and suggests the need for tailored interventions to promote digital engagement and quality of life for this population.

Ferrule: A Review

The ferrule effect plays a pivotal role in enhancing the structural integrity and long-term success of restorations for endodontically treated teeth. By encircling the coronal tooth structure, the ferrule distributes functional forces evenly, improving fracture resistance and longevity. Ideally, a ferrule height of 1.5 to 2 mm is recommended, and its design can significantly impact the tooth’s ability to withstand lateral forces. Studies emphasize the importance of achieving a smooth finish line to minimize micro-leakage and restoration failure. While the benefits of the ferrule are well- established, other factors, such as the tooth's location and the restoration type, may also influence outcomes. This article reviews the different types of ferrules, ideal design considerations, and the impact on clinical success.

Efficacy and Safety of Hyaluronic Acid Combined with Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Midcheek Groove: A Prospective Study.

The midcheek groove, a diagonal wrinkle in the infraorbital and infrazygomatic regions, disrupts the entire midface smooth lines and impacts facial aesthetics. Despite current treatments' limited effectiveness, including hyaluronic acid fillers and surgical risks, and the neglect of the medial orbicularis oculi muscle, this study explores the efficacy and safety of combining botulinum toxin type A with sodium hyaluronate injection for midcheek groove treatment, considering anatomical and clinical factors. In this prospective study, healthy participants with midcheek grooves (depth >3 mm) were treated with botulinum toxin type A combined with hyaluronic acid injections. Data were collected at baseline, 4, 12, and 32 weeks as well as 30 min after treatment, and at 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up. Changes in the depth of the midcheek groove were measured using a three-dimensional scanner and assessed using the Patient Satisfaction Assessment Scale. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the impact of different clinical subtypes on treatment outcomes. Thirty-six volunteers completed this study, and the midcheek groove depth was significantly reduced at 30 min after treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up (p < 0.001). The medial half of the midcheek groove had the best efficacy at 1 month after treatment, while the lateral half responded best at 30 min after treatment. Subgroup analyses showed that clinical subtypes affected treatment efficacy. No complications or severe adverse reactions were observed. Botulinum toxin type A combined with hyaluronic acid injection effectively improved the midcheek groove. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Grid Optimization of Free-Form Spatial Structures Considering the Mechanical Properties

In recent years, the application of free-form surface spatial grid structures in large public buildings has become increasingly common. The layouts of grids are important factors that affect both the mechanical performance and aesthetic appeal of such structures. To achieve a triangular grid with good mechanical performance and uniformity on free-form surfaces, this study proposes a new method called the “strain energy gradient optimization method”. The grid topology is optimized to maximize the overall stiffness, by analyzing the sensitivity of nodal coordinates to the overall strain energy. The results indicate that the overall strain energy of the optimized grid has decreased, indicating an improvement in the structural stiffness. Specifically, compared to the initial grid, the optimized grid has a 30% decrease in strain energy and a 43.3% decrease in maximum nodal displacement. To optimize the smoothness of the grid, the study further applies the Laplacian grid smoothing method. Compared to the mechanically adjusted grid, the structural mechanical performance does not significantly change after smoothing, while the geometric indicators are noticeably improved, with smoother lines and regular shapes. On the other hand, compared to the initial grid, the smoothed grid has a 21.4% decrease in strain energy and a 28.3% decrease in maximum nodal displacement.

WEEKLY SEMEN PRODUCTION OF MARSHALL BROILER BREEDER COCKS FED DIETARY SALT INCLUSIONS AND SUPPLEMENTAL ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

The aim of this study is to investigate the weekly semen production of Marshall Broiler breeder cocks fed supplemental acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and dietary salt (NaCl) inclusion. The experiment was conducted at the Poultry Unit of the Livestock Section of the Teaching and Research Farm, and Diagnostic Laboratory of the Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure between November 2021 and March 2022. Semen collection, through the abdominal massage method commenced at the 30th to 35th week of age and was carried out once weekly between 6.00 hours and 8.00 hours. A six-week data on total ejaculate volume (TEV), seminal plasma (SP), spermatocrit (ST), sperm motility (MT), dead sperm cells (DSC), abnormal sperm cells (ASC) and sperm concentration (SC) were collected and subjected to Microsoft excel using scatter with smooth lines and markers chart. Diet T3 showed increase in total ejaculate volume from 30 to 35 weeks of age with peak at 33 weeks of age (0.6ml), highest in sperm motility between the ranges of (98-100%), lowest in abnormal sperm cells (12-17%) and DSC (20-23%) while other treatment diets were lower. Diet T4 was lowest in Seminal plasma which ranged from 87-90%, highest in spermatocrit (11- 13.67%) and SC (1.40×109 mL-1-2.27×109 mL-1 ) were lowest in the same treatment throughout the six-week study. In conclusion, 0.750% NaCl worked synergistically with 0.050% ASA to improve the ejaculate characteristics of this particular breeder cocks from 30 to 35 weeks of age.

Hair treatment products containing pigeon pea oil as chemical properties and anti-oxidant activity

The comparing small type (T9) and big type (ICP 7035), which were extracted by hexane maceration, this study looks at the properties of pigeon pea oil in hair treatment products. It finds that the percentage yield of big seed (ICP 7035) oil is higher than that of small seed (T9) oil, at 9.64 ± 0.10 and 9.32 ± 0.08, respectively. A study on the chemical properties of the oil revealed values for saponification, acidity, iodine, and peroxide. In all trials, T9 outperformed ICP 7035 in terms of test results, demonstrating the presence of fatty acids in the molecular components of triglycerides. Compared to ICP 7035, T9 had a lower molecule weight and a lower saturation level, making it less susceptible to oxidative lipid disorder and the tendency to deplete oil. The flavonoid content of T9 is higher than that of ICP 7035, equal to 27.76 ± 0.65 mg GAE g-1 extract and 25.90 ± 0.69 mg GAE g-1 extract, respectively. The flavonoid content of T9 is higher than that of ICP 7035, equal to 20.67 ± 0.58 mg QE g-1 extract and 18.76 ± 0.65 mg QE g-1 extract, respectively. The DPPH test showed that T9 was a stronger antioxidant than ICP 7035, with amounts of 0.26 ± 0.04 mg g-1 of extract and 0.35 ± 0.05 mg g-1, respectively. The development of hair care products revealed that a mixture containing the optimal dosage of T9 effectively ensured smooth hair lines and prevented microorganism contamination in all recipes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT HIGHLIGHTS Pigeon Pea Oil in Hair Care Products Comparison of T9 and ICP 7035 oil properties. ICP 7035 yield was higher than T9 yield. Chemical properties of oil included saponification, acidity, iodine, and peroxide. T9 oil had better phenolics, flavonoids, and DPPH values than ICP 7035. T9-rich mixtures in hair care products ensure smooth hair lines and prevent microorganism contamination.

Hump Rasping Using Powered Instruments: A Retrospective Review.

Nasal hump reduction, a common procedure in rhinoplasty, aims to create a harmonious nasal appearance with smooth dorsal lines. An alternative to traditional osteotomes is the carbide-tip nasal rasp, effective in eliminating modest contour deformities. However, the broad movements and physical forces of manual rasping can significantly weaken the osseocartilaginous vault. Power-assisted instruments have been used to reduce soft tissue trauma. Although long-term clinical outcomes of power-assisted instrumentation are pending, initial reports have been positive. This retrospective chart review encompassed 220 consecutive rhinoplasty cases conducted by the senior author, all involving women aged 19-37 years. Excluding 80 cases that did not involve bone reduction, the analysis concentrated on 140 patients who underwent bone reduction procedures. The success of nasal hump reduction was evaluated based on the joint satisfaction of both the patient and the surgeon with the surgical improvement. The open rhinoplasty approach was predominantly used for surgical exposure to minimize inadvertent rasping of the nasal cartilage. Among the 140 patients undergoing power-assisted bone removal, all but five achieved an initially satisfactory refinement of the bony nasal contour. Notably, no serious complications were observed throughout the study. Unfortunately, one patient did not comply with the monthly steroid injections, leading to the necessity of revision surgery for the removal of regenerated bone. The integration of power-assisted instrumentation in rhinoplasty procedures represents a promising advancement, addressing challenges associated with traditional methods.

Silver Nano-Inks Synthesized with Biobased Polymers for High-Resolution Electrohydrodynamic Printing Toward In-Space Manufacturing.

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is an additive manufacturing technique capable of producing micro/nanoscale features by precisely jetting ink under an electric field. However, as a new technique compared to more conventional methods, commercially available inks designed and optimized for EHD are currently very limited. To address this challenge, a new silver nanoink platform was developed by synthesizing silver nanoparticles in situ with biobased polymer 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). Typically used as a thickening agent, HEC is cost-effect, biocompatible, and versatile in developing inks that meet the rheology criteria for high-resolution EHD jetting. This approach significantly outperforms the traditional use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), enabling the stabilization of high solids content (>50 wt %) nanoinks for over 10 months with an HEC dosage 20 times lower than that required by PVP. The HEC-synthesized silver ink displays excellent electrical properties, yielding resistivities as low as 2.81 μΩ cm upon sintering, less than twice that of pure silver. Additionally, the capability to sinter at low temperatures (<200 °C) enables the use of this ink on polymer substrates for flexible devices. The synthesized nanoinks were also found to be capable of producing precise, high-resolution features by EHD printing with smooth lines narrower than 5 μm printed using a 100 μm nozzle. Additionally, a semiempirical model was developed to reveal the relationship between printing resolution, ink properties, and printing parameters, enabling precise printing control. Moreover, for the first time, the unique ability of EHD to achieve precise fabrication under microgravity was conclusively demonstrated through a parabolic flight test utilizing the HEC-based nanoinks. The study greatly expands the potential of printing thin films for the on-demand manufacturing of electronic devices in space.

Growing Importance of Camel Milk in Human Health

Milk is considered as a complete food as it is rich in proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins that are essential for human nutrition. Camel milk, a dietary staple in hot and arid regions for millennia, has recently gained attention for its nutritional richness and therapeutic properties. With a global camel population of 35 million, countries in East and Central Africa harbor the largest populations, with Ethiopia ranking second in production after Somalia. Beyond its significance in pastoralist communities, camel milk exhibits diverse health benefits, including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Its unique chemical composition, including high levels of vitamin C, essential minerals, and protective proteins like lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, immunoglobulins, and lysozyme, makes it a potential alternative to bovine milk. Camel milk lacks β-lactoglobulin, which causes allergic to cow milk proteins. Notably, camel milk's role in managing conditions such as diabetes, allergies, autism, cancer, tuberculosis, hepatitis, and arthritis. Moreover, its hypoallergenic nature and antimicrobial properties make it a promising functional food. Insulin-like proteins, which imitate insulin's role in controlling blood sugar levels and hence improve glucose uptake, contribute to its efficacy. Camel milk has cosmetic effects due to the presence of α-hydroxy acids, which help to plump the skin and smooth fine lines. Despite its importance, camel milk remains underappreciated, necessitating further research and awareness efforts to unlock its full therapeutic potential and promote its consumption. This paper aims to shed light on the diverse health benefits of camel milk.

Lagrangian Perspectives on the Small-scale Structure of Alfvénic Turbulence and Stochastic Models for the Dispersion of Fluid Particles and Magnetic Field Lines in the Solar Wind

Lagrangian perspectives on the small-scale structure of anisotropic Alfvénic turbulence are adopted. We are interested in relating the statistical properties of the Eulerian field increments evaluated along the fluid particle trajectories, in the direction perpendicular to the guiding magnetic field and along the magnetic field lines. We establish the basis for a unified multifractal phenomenology of Eulerian and Lagrangian Alfvénic turbulence. The critical balance condition is generalized to structure functions of an order different than 2. A Lagrangian perspective is not only useful for investigating the small-scale structure of Alfvénic turbulence, it is also tailored to the modeling of large-scale turbulent transport. Therefore, we develop Lagrangian stochastic models for the dispersion of fluid particles and magnetic field lines in the solar wind. The transport models are based on the integrated Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process that is not Markov, yielding smooth stochastic fluid particle trajectories and magnetic field lines. Brownian diffusion is recovered by tending the integral scale parameter to zero while keeping the diffusivity finite.

Fluoride impairs vascular smooth muscle A7R5 cell lines via disrupting amino acids metabolism

Given the insidious and high-fatality nature of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the emergence of fluoride as a newly identified risk factor demands serious consideration alongside traditional risk factors. While vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a pivotal role in the progression of CVDs, the toxicological impact of fluoride on VSMCs remains largely uncharted. In this study, we constructed fluorosis model in SD rats and A7R5 aortic smooth muscle cell lines to confirm fluoride impaired VSMCs. Fluoride aggravated the pathological damage of rat aorta in vivo. Then A7R5 were exposed to fluoride with concentration ranging from 0 to 1200 μmol/L over a 24-h period, revealing a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. The further metabolomic analysis showed alterations in metabolite profiles induced by fluoride exposure, notably decreasing organic acids and lipid molecules level. Additionally, gene network analysis underscored the frequency of fluoride's interference with amino acids metabolism, potentially impacting the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Our results also highlighted the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters pathway as a central element in VSMC impairment. Moreover, we observed a dose-dependent increase in osteopontin (OPN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA level and a dose-dependent decrease in ABC subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) and bestrophin 1 (BEST1) mRNA level. These findings advance our understanding of fluoride as a CVD risk factor and its influence on VSMCs and metabolic pathways, warranting further investigation into this emerging risk factor.

Mitigating waveguide loss in Ge–Sb–Se chalcogenide glass photonics

Minimizing propagation loss within waveguides remains a central objective across diverse photonic platforms, impacting both linear lightwave transmission and nonlinear wavelength conversion efficiencies. Here, we present a method to mitigate waveguide loss in Ge28Sb12Se60 chalcogenide glass, a material known for its high nonlinearity, broad mid-infrared transparency, and significant potential for mid-IR photonics applications. By applying a sacrifical oxide layer to eliminate etching residues and a subsequent waveguide thermal reflow to smooth lithography-induced line edge roughness, we successfully reduced the waveguide loss down to 0.8 dB cm−1 at 1550 nm wavelength. This represents the best result in small-core and high-index-contrast Ge28Sb12Se60 channel waveguides. Our approach paves the way for low-loss, on-chip chalcogenide photonic devices.

Two-dimensional transient contrasting structure evolution in an inhomogeneous media with the advection

The inner transition layer evolution for two-dimensional quasi-linear initial-boundary value problem for the reaction-advection-diffusion equation in an inhomogeneous media with a small parameter within the high order derivatives is considered. Within the framework of the main (zero order) sum of the asymptotic series, the position of the inner transition layer is described by the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. The potential is calculated as an integrated density function of the reaction sources within the limits of the equilibrium levels. The front line of the transition layer evolves in the same way as the constant-eikonal line (the wavefront line in the other words) for the problem of wave propagation in an inhomogeneous medium in short-wave (geometro-optical) asymptotics. The sum of the asymptotic series of zero order and first order is found, the existence gap of a smooth front line, the time of destruction of the contrasting structure are calculated.

Fineline Tattoo Design as a Form of Self Expression at Ingkeu Ink Tattoo Studio

The main objective of this research and art creation is to create and present the work "Designing Fineline Tattoos as a Form of Self-Expression at Ingkeu Ink Tattoo Studio" as a representation of arts and culture education. Fineline tattoo is a style of tattoo that involves creating a design with very thin and smooth lines. These tattoos are often minimalist and subtle, with intricate and detailed designs that require a skilled artist to execute. This creation is research-based, so the method consists of two inseparable parts, namely the research method and the creation method. The technique for implementing MBKM internship/work practice activities at Ingkeu ink tattoo studio is carried out using a project based learning model. In designing this tattoo design, it begins with brainstorming together to collect the concepts and topics that will be discussed. After getting a mature concept, students can continue to the stages of the work process. In this research the author will describe the Fineline Tattoo design process as a form of self-expression at Ingkeu ink tattoo studio along with an analysis of the design results. The data in this research was obtained directly from Ingkeu ink tattoo studio as a partner who has a project to be featured in the internship report using several methods. The results of the tattoos done by the author are also uploaded by partners on social media and TikTok, in this way the partners believe they are very effective in attracting client interest.

Design, measurement, and demonstrating of a metamaterials with broadband and high transmittance for measuring the thermal conductivity of clothing fabrics samples

An all dielectric metamaterial sensor with smooth spectral lines resonance characteristics over a large frequency range is demonstrated and verified. The average transmittance and reflectance of the metamaterial sample are 0.734 and 0.201 in the frequency range of 4–30 THz. The effects of three important factors on the thermal conductivity of the outdoor clothing fabric samples are measured by using this metamaterial sensor: thickness, ambient temperature, and fabric type. The thermal diffusion coefficient of the fabric samples is decreased with the thickness increasing, which is enhanced by increasing the temperature. In addition, due to differences in preparation processes and materials, the type of fabric sample can also directly affect the thermal conductivity performance. The measurement results verify the feasibility of the metamaterial sensor to measure the thermal conductivity of outdoor clothing fabric samples.