Adolescent Smoking Behavior Research Articles

Analysis of the causes of compulsive smoking behavior among adolescents in South Sumatra

This research aims to explore the causes and reasons behind smoking behavior in adolescents, which has become a compulsive behavior. The research method used is qualitative, employing a descriptive phenomenological approach. The findings reveal two factors contributing to the compulsive smoking behavior in adolescents, categorized into five aspects: knowledge about cigarettes, attitudes, the influence of cigarette advertisements, peer pressure, and family. It can be concluded that smoking behavior in adolescents is influenced by various factors that increase the prevalence of smoking and lead to compulsive behavior. In this study, peer influence has a significant impact on smoking behavior among adolescents

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Using Cognitive Restructuring Techniques in Group Settings to Reduce Smoking Behavior in Adolescents

There are numerous factors that drive adolescents to smoke, one of which is the presence of negative or irrational thoughts related to smoking behavior itself. Such thoughts include beliefs that smoking makes them appear more masculine, more accepted within their social circles, among other irrational perceptions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) using cognitive restructuring techniques in a group setting to reduce smoking frequency in adolescents by addressing their irrational thought patterns. A quantitative experimental method was employed, using a pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 8 students were randomly assigned to two groups. Data analysis was conducted using parametric statistical tests, specifically the independent sample t-test and the correlated/paired sample t-test. The results indicate that cognitive restructuring techniques applied in group setting significantly reduce smoking behavior among adolescents.

Exploring In-School Adolescent Smoking Behaviors: A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Contexts in Anambra, Nigeria

The use of tobacco among adolescents is a big public health issue in low- and middle-income countries of the world including Nigeria. The aim of this study was to compare prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among in-school adolescents’ resident in urban and rural secondary schools in Anambra State. A cross-sectional analytical design was observed using multi stage random sampling to sample 360 students from some selected schools. A pretested, semi structured questionnaire adapted from the Global School Health Survey (GSHS) was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Similar prevalence of tobacco use was found in both the urban (6.3%) and in the rural (6.5%) sites, without significance in either (p=1.000). Participation in protective factors including health education programs in which participants are educated on smoking dangers and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in particular was associated with non-smoking behavior significantly more in urban areas. On the other hand, being urban adolescents who reported tobacco use showed significantly association with risk factors such as poor school environment and bullying. Consequently, no difference in rates of tobacco use occur between urban and rural adolescents, despite differences in protective and risk factors. Recommendations aimed at strengthening health education, and improving school environments and reducing bullying are suggested to reduce adolescent smoking in these settings. Effective tobacco control of Nigerian adolescents requires targeting of public health interventions on the basis of the socio-cultural context.

Effectiveness of Video Education in Preventing Electric Smoking Behavior in Students

Electronic cigarettes have experienced very rapid development, recently many people have been seen using electronic cigarettes, In Indonesia, as many as 2.1 million who use electronic cigarettes are students. Control of electronic cigarettes is carried out by providing education to change the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents. In the digital era, innovation is possible in delivering messages for prevention through audiovisual media such as short videos. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of video media on knowledge, attitudes and actions of electronic smoking behavior in adolescents at SMK Istiqomah Muhammadiyah 4 Samarinda. This study was conducted using an Experimental research method with a pre and post design approach. This study involved two research groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. Data were obtained using a questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes and actions of electronic smoking. The research sample was 234 students. The sampling technique that will be used in this study is Simple Random Sampling. Statistical Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results of the study were that after education using video there was an increase in knowledge of 5 points and attitudes of 2 points. The results of the statistical test showed that there was an effect of video education on knowledge and attitudes with a P Value of 0.000. The conclusion of this study is that video education about the dangers of electronic cigarettes can increase knowledge and attitudes towards preventing electronic smoking behavior.

Factors Influencing Tobacco Use in Chinese Teenagers

The Report on Chinese Adolescent Tobacco Use 2023 announces a year-on-year decline in the prevalence of smoking in Chinese teenagers. Nevertheless, the hazards of tobacco products to the physical and mental health of this population remain a concerning issue. This study is an encapsulation of factors influencing the smoking behavior of Chinese adolescents based on a review of relevant literature. Personal characteristics such as gender, age, psychological traits, lifestyle, and perceptions of tobacco use, along with environmental factors like the family environment, circle of friends, and school climate, can all potentially influence a teenager's smoking behavior. A thorough examination of these factors can provide implications for advancing the regulation of teenager tobacco use and improving the work on adolescent health protection.

Understanding compliance with smoke-free environments: a realist review

Abstract Background Local governments increasingly implement outdoor smoke-free environments to decrease adolescent smoking and denormalize smoking behavior. Recent research indicates that compliance with smoke-free outdoor spaces is often lacking. We examined compliance with outdoor smoke-free environments and examined the mechanisms that affect compliance in different contexts. Methods We performed a realist review, an exploratory approach that synthesizes existing evidence into a program theory that links elements of compliance with outdoor smoke-free environments with specific mechanisms and outcomes. A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO, resulting in 25 relevant English language articles. Preliminary results Our analysis showed that the kind of enforcement (voluntary or enforcement with sanction options etc.) influences smokers’ compliance. Additionally, how implementation of the smoke-free environment was done (with supporting signs, size of the environment, attention for smoking cessation etc.) also influenced smokers’ compliance. For instance, with the implementation of an outdoor smoke-free environment (context), smokers get used to non-smoking. They are reminded they can quit smoking at any time (mechanism), leading to more compliance (outcome). If however, their social environment continues smoking (context), they are more inclined to keep smoking (mechanism), which leads to less compliance (outcome). Conclusions Compliance of smokers with smoke-free outdoor environments is influenced by the type of enforcement and the type of outdoor smoke-free environment. These mechanisms are important to understand so that policymakers may consider smokers’ reactions and are better able to anticipate upon them. Key messages • Type of enforcement and type of implementation influence compliance with smoke-free outdoor environments. • This realist review helps policymakers consider smokers’ reactions while implementing smoke-free environments.

Debunking the Illusion of Adolescents: Analyzing the Relationship between Personal Fable and Smoking Behavior in Adolescents

Smoking behavior has become a hot topic of conversation because it is very common, especially among teenagers. Smoking behavior can have negative impacts such as health, social, psychological and economic problems. It can trigger criminal acts for smokers who do not yet have an income such as teenagers. This study aims to reveal the relationship between personal fable and smoking behavior in junior high school male teenagers who smoke. The method in this study uses quantitative correlation with 110 junior high school male teenagers who smoke as research subjects, the research sample was taken using a simple random sampling technique with a 5% error rate, This study uses a measuring instrument from a smoking behavior scale with a total of 49 valid items with a validity value of 0.325 and a reliability value of 0.908 and a personal fable scale with a total of 50 valid items with a validity value of 0.330 and a reliability value of 0.911. The results of this study indicate a significant positive correlation between personal fable and smoking behavior in junior high school male teenagers who smoke at a level of 35%. The practical implication of this study is that personal fable has an effective role in triggering smoking behavior in junior high school-level male adolescents, so adolescents are advised to be smart in making decisions related to behavior and socializing because the influence of the environment and peers also plays a major role in the behaviors that adolescents develop.Perilaku merokok menjadi marak pembicaraan karena sudah sangat lumrah dilakukan terlebih di kalangan remaja. Perilaku merokok dapat memberikan dampak negatif seperti permasalahan kesehatan, sosial, psikologis dan ekonomi. Mampu terpicunya tindakan kriminal bagi pelaku merokok yang belum memiliki penghasilan seperti kalangan remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap hubungan yang ada dari personal fable dengan perilaku merokok pada remaja laki-laki setingkat SMP yang merokok. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif korelasi dengan 110 remaja laki-laki setingkat SMP yang merokok sebagai subjek penelitian, sampel peneitian diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling dengan taraf kesalahan 5%, Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur dari skala perilaku merokok dengan jumlah 49 aitem valid dengan nilai validitas 0.325 dan nilai reliabilitas 0.908 dan skala personal fable dengan jumlah 50 aitem valid dengan nilai validitas 0.330 dan nilai reliabilitas 0.911. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan korelasi positif yang signifikan antara personal fable dengan perilaku merokok pada remaja laki-laki setingkat SMP yang merokok dengan taraf 35%. Implikasi praktis dalam penelitian ini adalah personal fable memiliki peran efektif dalam memunculkan perilaku merokok remaja laki-laki setingkat SMP, sehingga remaja disarankan dapat cerdas dalam mengambil keputusan terkait dengan perilaku dan bersosial karena pengaruh dari lingkungan dan teman sebaya juga berperan besar bagi perilaku-perilaku yang ditimbulkan remaja.

Sex-related inequalities in current cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa

IntroductionRisky behaviours, including tobacco use, are highly prevalent among adolescents worldwide. Although these behaviours are largely influenced by various sociodemographic factors, including sex, there is a paucity of regionally representative literature on the sex-related inequalities in cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. This study examined the sex-based disparities in current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13–15 years in Africa.MethodsThe present study employed a secondary analysis of nationally representative data on 45 African countries obtained from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, accessible through the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory. We used the online version of the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) to generate the results.ResultsThe prevalence of current cigarette smoking among the adolescents surveyed ranged from 1.6% in Eritrea to 10.4% in Mali among the low-income countries, from 1.3% in Tanzania to 13.1% in Mauritania among the lower-middle-income countries, from 5.2% in Gabon to 15.3% in Mauritius among the upper-middle-income countries, and 14.7% in Seychelles, the only high-income country in the study. The absolute summary measure (D) showed diverse sex-related disparities in the burden of current cigarette smoking among adolescents across the sub-regions. In all countries surveyed, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher among male adolescents compared to females, except in Liberia and Mozambique, where female adolescents bore a more significant burden than their male counterparts. Furthermore, male adolescents were more burdened with high cigarette smoking prevalence than females in low-income countries such as Mali, Madagascar, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia, where such disparities were most pronounced. Meanwhile, we found less disparity in the burden of cigarette smoking between male and female adolescents in most of the lower and upper-middle-income countries surveyed.ConclusionThis study sheds light on the sex-based inequalities in the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. In contrast to female adolescents, male adolescents bear a greater burden of current cigarette smoking. The burden of cigarette smoking is most pronounced in low-income countries such as Mali, Madagascar, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia. Conversely, in most of the lower and upper-middle-income countries surveyed, the burdens of current cigarette smoking among male and female adolescents were found to be less disparate. Consequently, cigarette smoking prevention programmes and strategies must be implemented in all African nations. There is also the need to intensify interventions aimed at altering the smoking behaviour of male adolescents. Policymakers can develop and implement evidence-based interventions to address the burden of cigarette smoking among the adolescents. Finally, existing policies and programmes addressing adolescents' cigarette smoking should be re-assessed and strengthened to achieve their objectives.

Does Parental Marital Status Matter in Male Adolescent's Smoking Behaviors?

Does Parental Marital Status Matter in Male Adolescent's Smoking Behaviors?

Perceived Barriers as Primary Determinant Factor in Uncleanliness and Unhealthy Behavior among Adolescents

An increasing number of teenagers are engaging in uncleanliness and unhealthy behavior which is a significant cause for concern. These behaviors range from mild to severe. Clean and healthy living practice are far from the habits of teenagers. The aim of this study was to analyze the Health Belief Model in addressing the unhealthy behavior of adolescents in the Malang Region. The cross-sectional design used with a sample size of 148 individuals, selected through accidental sampling. Instruments included open and closed questionnaires as well as observational sheets, with data collection techniques comprising interviews and observations. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate tests. The results indicated that three variables had a significant relationship with clean and healthy living behaviors: perceived barriers (p=0.000), perceived susceptibility (p=0.000) and perceived self-efficacy (p=0.009). The majority of respondents (63.5%) exhibited good clean and healthy living behaviors. The most dominant variable influencing a clean and healthy living was perceived barriers with OR=17.15. It is recommended that future researchers investigate the effectiveness of clean and healthy living behaviors education, also the dangers of smoking and sexual behavior in adolescents.

Global association of secondhand smoke exposure locations and smoking behaviour among adolescents in 99 countries.

This study classified 99 countries into four income groups and then analysed the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home, in public places and at school, on current cigarette smoking prevalence. We utilised data from the WHO Global Youth Tobacco Survey and a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and weighted odds ratios (wORs) of adolescent smoking behaviour and SHS exposure locations. Both smoking behaviours increased with higher national income levels. Smoking behaviours in high and upper-middle-income countries (HICs and UMICs) exhibited an association with SHS exposure in public places (HIC: wOR, 3.50 [95% CI, 2.85-4.31]; UMIC: wOR, 2.90 [2.60-3.23]) compared to home. Low- and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) showed an association with SHS exposure in the home (LIC: wOR, 5.33 [3.59-7.93]; LMIC: wOR, 2.71 [2.33-3.17]) than public places. The association between current cigarette smoking and SHS exposure at home increased with lower income levels, while anticipated future use of any form of tobacco with SHS exposure in public places rose in lower income countries. Targeted interventions based on income levels are essential, emphasising home strategies in lower income countries and public place efforts in higher income countries.

Parental Influence on Smoking Behavior in Teenagers

Adolescence is a problematic and difficult period because it often gives rise to several problems that are difficult to overcome, such as drug and cigarette dependence. The proportion of smoking among teenagers aged less than 15 years is greater than among those aged above because teenagers tend to have a greater curiosity, so they are more likely to smoke than adults. Parents are one of the factors causing smoking behavior in teenagers, because parents are figures for their children, so if parents smoke, teenagers tend to imitate their parents' behavior. Parents who smoke significantly increase teenagers' tendency to smoke by 1.397 times compared to teenagers whose parents are not smokers. Smoking has a huge negative impact on teenagers. Knowing how much influence parents have on adolescent smoking behavior. This research uses quantitative methods, and analytical descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The research population was teenagers with smoking behavior, totaling 83 respondents. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The questionnaire used was created by researchers from modifications from various sources. There is a significant relationship between parental influence and smoking behavior in adolescents. With an OR of 2,824, this means that parents have a 2,824 times chance of causing smoking behavior in teenagers. There is a need to educate parents not to smoke at home and in front of their children.

Subjective Norms of Health Students Related to Parent's Social Control on Intention to Stop Smoking

Smoking among students is a significant global issue. Health students, expected to be knowledgeable about smoking dangers and serve as role models, are found to engage in smoking behavior, which is concerning. This study aimed to analyze health students' perceptions regarding parental social control and their intention to quit smoking using the Theory of Planned Behaviour, specifically focusing on the role of subjective norms. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological methodology involving in-depth interviews and observations. The research was conducted in Jember Regency with five primary informants, health students at the University of Jember, and key informants who were close friends and parents of primary informants. Data processing used the interactive data analysis model proposed by Miles and Huberman, involving three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The study found that health students who smoke positively perceived their parents' opinions and social support regarding smoking cessation behavior. They viewed their parents' efforts to prevent them from smoking as beneficial and effective in influencing their behavior. health students who smoke acknowledged that the social control exerted by their parents was crucial in helping them overcome their smoking habits. Most health students who smoke expressed a strong intention to quit smoking, indicating a willingness to change their behavior in response to the support they received from their parents. The study suggests that parents should set a good example and communicate effectively to influence adolescent smoking behavior. Health students and health offices can also support this effort through smoking cessation activities and education.

A qualitative study to control adolescent smoking behaviour in junior high school.

To evaluate efforts made to help young people curb smoking behaviour. The qualitative study was conducted from January to February 2020 at 3 junior high schools in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, after approval from the ethics review committee of the University of Indonesia. The participants were students in grades 7 and 8. Data was collected through interviews, documentation and field notes. Data was subjected to construct and content validation, and was qualitatively analysed using NVivo 12 Plus. Of the 16 students, 2(12.5%) were from grade 7, and 14(87.5%) from grade 8. Overall, 12(75%) adolescents had smoked. There were 5 themes that emerged: smoking compulsion, adolescent perspectives on smoking behaviour, knowledge of the risks associated with smoking, obstacles to quitting, and smoking control strategies. To curb adolescent smoking, there were 2 themes: barriers to quitting smoking, and smoking control strategies. Efforts to curb smoking should focus on increasing adolescent self-control.

Assessment of Smoking Behaviour of Adolescents in Two Districts of Nepal and Implications of the MPOWER Policy Measures: A Mixed Method Study.

Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death and disease worldwide. This study aimed to assess the smoking behaviour of adolescents in two districts of Nepal and examine the implications of the MPOWER policy on their smoking behaviour. An explanatory, mixed-method study was conducted in two districts of Nepal. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted among nine participants aged 35-50, representatives of the Ministry of Health, academic institutions, and managers of organisations working in tobacco control, using snowball sampling method. A total of 306 students of age 13-15 years, from six government schools were recruited through simple random sampling method using an adapted version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). Findings of the qualitative and quantitative study were explained for concurrence and relevance to present overall study findings. Ethical approval was received from the Nepal Health Research Council and Mahidol University. Findings from the survey reported that a total of 25 (8.10%) of respondents were smokers, from which 13 (4.20%) were current smokers and 12 (3.90%) were ever smokers. Socio-economic status played a crucial role in the smoking behaviour. Although the survey among adolescents indicated an awareness of the policies, there was a lack of cessation services, which was concurrent with the qualitative findings. The interviews recommended improvements in the implementation of policy ban on public smoking, taxation, and availability of cessation services. The MPOWER policies are not regulated strictly, especially in areas of the ban on public smoking, regulating the selling of cigarettes to adolescents <18 years, and availability of cessation services.

Smoking Behavior in Adolescents: The Role of Psychological Distress and COVID-19

Smoking Behavior in Adolescents: The Role of Psychological Distress and COVID-19

Effectiveness of a Digital Health Game Intervention on Early Adolescent Smoking Refusal Self-Efficacy.

Smoking poses a significant threat to adolescent health because of its immediate and long-term detrimental health effects. Smoking refusal self-efficacy predicts smoking behavior in adolescence. In adolescents' health education, digital interventions are potential tools to support smoking refusal self-efficacy. The aim of this two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital health game intervention compared with a no-intervention control group on smoking refusal self-efficacy in 10- to 13-year-old Finnish early adolescents. The early adolescents (n = 781) were randomized to the control group (n = 394) and the health game intervention group (n = 387). Smoking refusal self-efficacy, sources of smoking and snus refusal self-efficacy, and motivation to decline smoking and snus use in the future were measured at baseline, 2-week postintervention, and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using linear mixed model and Wilcoxon rank-based test for clustered data. According to the results, the intervention group made improvements in sources of smoking and snus refusal self-efficacy between baseline and postintervention, and in sources of snus refusal self-efficacy between baseline and follow-up, compared with the control group. The intervention group showed improvements in smoking refusal self-efficacy among 12-year-olds between baseline and follow-up, and postintervention and follow-up compared with the control group. Similar improvements were also found among those with a smoking friend or a smoking parent between postintervention and follow-up. The results were promising for the use of digital health game interventions to promote early adolescent smoking refusal self-efficacy and preventing smoking experimentation. Further research can evaluate the long-term effects for adolescents.

Tests of Social Bonding, Differential Association/Social Learning, Strain Theories, and Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Türkiye

Background: Only a few studies have tested the effects of social bonding, differential association/social learning, and strain theories on cigarette smoking by adolescents in the West/the U.S. and Türkiye. Objectives: Using data collected from adolescents (N = 1.710) living in central Ankara (the capital of Türkiye) in 2001, this study explored whether social bonding, differential association/social learning, and strain theories had any effect on adolescent cigarette use and whether the link between these theories and cigarette smoking varied by gender. Results: While family supervision was negatively associated with the likelihood of cigarette smoking, substance use by close friends, having delinquent friends, definitions favorable to smoking, school failure and punishment at school were positively related to the likelihood of cigarette smoking. Conclusion: Social bonding, differential association/social learning, and strain theories are generally associated with smoking in the theoretically expected direction. However, the data also indicate that variables from social learning theory have a greater impact on cigarette smoking by adolescents, followed by variables from strain and social bonding theories. Finally, the three theories appear to play more important roles in female than male adolescent smoking behaviors.

Relationship of Environmental Factors With Smoking Behavior in Adolescence

That early adolescence has several characteristics of developmental stages, namely the transition period, change period, problem period and identity search period. Smoking is a common and legal negative behavior for teenagers. In this research, the design used in terms of time is cross sectional where the research carries out instantaneous observations or measurements of variables, meaning that subjects are observed only once and measurements of the independent and dependent variables are carried out during examination or data review. It is known that from family environmental factors it is known that most of the respondents' parents were smokers, namely 25 people (64.1%) and most of the family were also smokers, namely 24 people (61.5%). From the friend factor, most respondents had a playmate who was a smoker, namely 32 people (82.1%), most respondents had a friend at school who was a smoker, namely 28 people (71.8%). From the advertising factor, the majority of respondents were not influenced by television advertisements, namely 24 people (61.5%), the majority of respondents were not influenced by print media advertisements, namely 20 people (51.3%). Meanwhile, in terms of personality factors, the majority of respondents smoke not to look dashing, namely 22 people (54.6%), and the majority do not smoke only when they are frustrated or stressed, namely 22 people (54.6%).

Rural Indonesian adolescents’ smoking behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: rapid survey and cotinine test of school-attend adolescents in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

The COVID-19 pandemic is predicted to affect adolescent smoking behaviours. We aim to map profiles of adolescents’ smoking behaviours in a rural district in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic and validate their smoking exposures using cotinine tests. This study applied an online survey followed by cotinine tests for high-school students in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. The participants were asked to complete the survey and participate in a cotinine test. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed to seek potential determinants of the smoking status and diagnostic accuracy of the cotinine test. A total of 281 participants completed the survey, with 19.6% (n = 55) and 22.8% (n = 64) being ever-smokers and current smokers. The impacts of the pandemics on their smoking behaviours were found in the urgency and numbers of daily smoked cigarettes. Univariate regression analysis revealed age, gender, learning mode, and whether father/friend smokes correlate with the adolescents’ smoking behaviours. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the odds of planning to stop smoking were 0.01 (95% CI 0.001–0.22, p-value 0.003) for having positive attitudes towards cigarettes compared to none. Of the 65 cotinine tests, 19 tested positive, with the sensitivity and specificity of the cotinine test at 94.7% and 95.6%. The prevalence of adolescent smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic in Gunung Kidul is high, with the impacts of the pandemic on the urgency and number of cigarette smoke. There are opportunities to help them stop smoking by providing reliable quit-tobacco access and advocacy in collaboration with schools, parents, and health providers.