Diesel Engine Smoke Research Articles

Effect of multi ferrites nanoparticles added Terminalia bellirica biodiesel on diesel engine: Combustion, performance, and emission studies

The objective of current investigation is to assess the diesel engine performance, combustion, and emissions fuelled with bismuth ferrite codoped with zinc and manganese (BZnFMO) nanoparticles dispersed Terminalia bellirica biodiesel. BZnFMO nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in B20 together with the surfactant and the dispersant at a concentration of 50 ppm and 75 ppm, respectively, and the stability of the nanoparticles in B20 was evaluated by UV photo spectroscopy. In addition, the experimental analysis of all nano-fuel samples was tested on diesel engines with different injection timing (i.e. 21°bTDC, 23°bTDC and 25°bTDC). The addition of nanoparticles in B20 led to an improvement in performance and combustion properties while simultaneously reducing emissions. The dispersion of BZnFMO nanoparticles in B20 led to a significant improvement in cylinder pressure (CP), cumulative heat release rate (CHRR), rate of pressure rise (RoPR) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE), while reducing brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and diesel engine smoke opacity. The increase in injection timing also led to an improvement in performance and combustion characteristics, as well as a reduction in emissions, with the exception of NOx. At 25°bTDC, a CP of 71.14 bar, a CHRR of 3.27 J/°CA and a RoPR of 5.3 bar/°CA were found, while BTE and BSFC were 35.03 % and 0.391 kg/kWh, respectively for B20 + 75 ppm BZnFMO + 75 ppm TWEEN 80. The values for CO, UHC, NOx, smoke opacity and nitrogen oxides were 0.01 %, 22 ppm, 826 ppm and 35.85 % respectively.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Biosolar, Biosolar Dengan Aditive Dan Pertamina Dex Pada Mitsubishi L-300 Terhadap Kepekatan Asap

Exhaust gas emissions from vehicles are felt to increase with the growth of vehicles on the road, especially the growth of commercial diesel-engined vehicles. The main objective of this study is to determine the quality of fuel that can affect the level of diesel engine smoke density. The test is carried out by taking the sampling test method on vehicles that are familiar to people used by the Mitsubishi L300 diesel small truck and smoke density testing using a Smoke Tester tool. The testing process uses different fuel variants, namely: Bio Solar, Bio Solar added with additives, Pertamina Dex. It is expected that with several different fuel variables, it can determine how much influence the quality of the fuel has on the smoke density caused by the Diesel engine. The testing process at an engine speed of 1500 rpm, 2500 rpm to 4200 rpm for each variable of the testing process at each engine speed is carried out by the test process three times, and then the average results are taken from the entire testing process to get the most accurate results. Bio Solar fuel obtained the highest smoke density results at maximum engine speed, namely 4200 rpm with the highest average smoke density value of 40.1%, Bio Solar fuel plus addictive substances obtained the highest smoke density results at a maximum engine speed of 4200 rpm with an average value The highest smoke density was 31.23% while using Pertamina Dex fuel, the highest smoke density results were obtained at maximum engine speed, namely 4200 rpm with the highest average smoke density value of 18.4%.

Alternative fuel in the combustion process of combustion engines

Abstract The article analyses the impact of emulsified fuel, containing H2O2 hydrogen peroxide, on the emissions of nitrogen oxides and diesel engine smoke. The process of forming toxic components in exhaust gases of reciprocating engines during the engine operation, and the relationship that specifies the hydrogen peroxide decomposition process were presented. The research was carried out with the use of fuel containing 30%, 20% and 10% of hydrogen peroxide. The concentration courses of the nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), as well as the (CO) carbon monoxide concentration and (S) engine smoke courses were shown separately for the external characteristics of the engine. Finally, the importance of knowledge related to the mechanisms of generation of toxic components in exhaust gases in the reciprocating engines was emphasised.

Selected Physicochemical Properties of Diethyl Ether/Rapeseed Oil Blends and Their Impact on Diesel Engine Smoke Opacity

In this paper, selected physicochemical properties such as kinematic viscosity (ν), density (ρ), lower heating value (LHV), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), miscibility, flash point (FP), coefficient of friction (μ), lubricity (WS1.4), surface tension (σ), and copper strip corrosion (CSC) of diethyl ether/rapeseed oil blends were experimentally determined. Diethyl ether (DEE) was blended with rapeseed oil (RO) in volumetric ratios of 10, 20, 30, and 40%. The values of the LHV, kinematic viscosity, surface tension, and density of the blends were lower than the values obtained for the tested rapeseed oil. Especially, it was found that DEE has significant influence on the rapeseed oil viscosity value. The addition of merely 10% DEE to rapeseed oil decreased its viscosity by 50%. It was shown that the lubricity of all tested blends is reduced, but not as significantly as viscosity. Also, we confirmed that tested blends do not promote the corrosion processes. What is more, it was found that the temperature o...

Effect of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers addition on spray and atomization characteristics using a common rail diesel injection system

PODE is named for the mixture of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. Recently, it is used as diesel oxygen additive to reduce diesel engine smoke. In this study, the effect of PODE addition on the spray and atomization of diesel spray was investigated by using a high pressure common rail system. The spray tip penetration (STP), the spray cone angle and the spray projected area were extracted at the injection pressure of 60, 90 and 120MPa and the ambient pressure of 4MPa through a high speed photographic device. The results show that as PODE is added into diesel, the STP is slightly decreased and the average spray cone angle and projected area are slightly increased. In addition, the microscopic spray characteristics such as statistical droplets size distribution and characteristic diameters and relative size range were obtained by a particle/droplet image analysis (PDIA) technique. The results shows that as PODE is added into diesel, the droplets number tends to be uniformly distributed around 12–20μm range and smaller characteristic diameters are observed and the relative size range keeps constant. All of such characteristics of the spray indicate that PODE addition can better the atomization of diesel spray.

Emission characteristics of a heavy-duty diesel engine at simulated high altitudes

In order to evaluate the effects of altitude on the pollutant emissions of a diesel engine, an experimental research was carried out using an engine test bench with an altitude simulation system. The emissions of HC, CO, NOx, smoke, and particle number of a heavy-duty diesel engine were measured under steady state operating conditions at sea level and simulated altitudes of 1000 and 2000 m. The experimental results indicate that the high altitude increases the emissions of HC, CO and smoke of the diesel engine, the average increasing rates of which are 30%, 35% and 34% with addition of altitude of 1000 m, respectively. The effect of high altitudes on the NOx emission varies with the engine types and working conditions. At 1000 m the particles number emissions are 1.6 to 4.2 times the levels at the low altitude. The pattern of the particle size distributions at 1000 m is similar with that at sea-level, which is the mono-modal lognormal distribution with geometric mean diameter around 0.1 μm. However, the peak number concentrations of particles are bigger and the exhausted particles are smaller at the high altitude.

Development and application of a comprehensive soot model for 3D CFD reacting flow studies in a diesel engine

A three-dimensional reacting flow modeling approach is presented for diesel engine studies that can be used for predictions of trends in soot emissions for a wide range of operating conditions. The modeling framework employs skeletal chemistry for n-heptane for ignition and combustion, and links acetylene chemistry to the soot nucleation process. The soot model is based on integration and modification of existing submodels for soot nucleation, agglomeration, oxidation, and surface growth. With the optimized modeling parameters, the simulations agree well with results of high-pressure shock tube studies of rich n-heptane mixtures, reproducing the trends for soot mass over a range of temperature and pressure conditions ( T = 1550 – 2050 K , P = 20 , 40, and 80 MPa). Engine simulation results for soot mass are in excellent agreement with diesel engine smoke number measurements over a range of injection timings ( − 11 ° ATDC–2.4° ATDC) and two exhaust gas recirculation levels (16 and 26–27%). The model results demonstrate that correct description of the soot formation, as well as the soot transport processes, is critical for achieving reliable predictive capabilities in engine simulations.

Response to Comment on “Real-Time Characterization of the Organic Composition and Size of Individual Diesel Engine Smoke Particles”

Response to Comment on “Real-Time Characterization of the Organic Composition and Size of Individual Diesel Engine Smoke Particles”

Comment on “Real-Time Characterization of the Organic Composition and Size of Individual Diesel Engine Smoke Particles”

Comment on “Real-Time Characterization of the Organic Composition and Size of Individual Diesel Engine Smoke Particles”

Real-Time Characterization of the Organic Composition and Size of Individual Diesel Engine Smoke Particles

Real-time analysis of individual diesel engine exhaust particles was demonstrated using an ion trap mass spectrometer. Measurements were made on the nebulized engine oil and diesel fuel for comparison with the exhaust particle analysis. Studies were performed on individual exhaust particles to determine composition as a function of aerodynamic size. MS/MS analysis positively identified low-mass PAHs as well as indicated the presence of high mass hydrogenated PAHs (HPAHs). The degree of PAH hydrogenation was found to be mass dependent. The origin of the HPAHs seems to be the diesel fuel. However, the HPAHs underwent some degree of oxidation during the combustion process on average. Indicators were found that might be used to determine combustion efficiency. The capability of the technique for on-line measurement of combustion processes was demonstrated.

Diesel Engine Smoke Reduction by Controlling Early Thermal Cracking Process and Activation Later Stage Combustion

In this investigation, extensive soot reduction was attempted with two parallel approaches: blending of oxygenated fuel and generation of strong turbulence during the combustion process. In the early stage of usual diesel combustion, the droplets in the spray are thermally cracked to low boiling point components as C2 to C5 due to the shortage of oxygen, and these components result in the formation of soot. To control the thermal cracking process, the addition of oxygenated additives to the fuel was attempted. As a result, remarkable soot reduction was obtained by adding small amounts of oxygen to the fuel. To generate strong turbulence, a small chamber connected to the main combustion chamber was added and small amount of fuel were injected into the chamber, resulting in significant soot reduction. Additionally, a clearly apparent Nox reduction was obtained by the mixing control.

Fibre optic sensor for diesel engine smoke measurement

A portable fibre optic sensor for diesel smoke measurements is described. The sensor works by sampling the smoke on the surface of a gluing white tape and measuring the diffuse reflectance from the stained tape. The precision of the detector system was 0.2%. The sensor values of diesel smoke ( Rs) were compared with the results obtained using a Bosch smokemeter ( Bn). A plot of Rs against Bn yielded a straight line with correlation coefficient of 0.983. Values of Rs were also expressed as a function of diesel smoke concentration. The sensor can perform continuous and remote measurements. It is of simple construction and operation and is particularly useful for on-road measurements.

Formation and Combustion of Carbon in a Diesel Engine

The effects of the shape of the injection diagram, injection period, and injection nozzle on diesel engine smoke have been studied for a wide range of injection timings and engine speeds on a 1-litre direct-injection type engine cylinder. Cycle temperatures were also varied by raising inlet air temperature and by introducing water mixed with diesel fuel. An analysis of these results shows that the exhaust smoke level is mainly determined by the concentration of soot at the end of heat release (net soot release), i.e. any subsequent combustion of the net soot release before exhaust valve opening is unimportant. The net soot release in a diesel engine cylinder, for a given fuel, is controlled by the amount and rate of diffusion burning and the flame temperatures.

Diesel Engine Smoke Meter by Light Penetration

Diesel Engine Smoke Meter by Light Penetration