Smell Of Smoke Research Articles

Asterism, and When a Language Is Said to Be Lost, and Self-Portrait as I

Asterism, and When a Language Is Said to Be Lost, and Self-Portrait as I Ae Hee Lee (bio) Asterism Today too, the sky archesin faithful trajectory andeven when there's no eyeto keep it company, it unfurlsstars for the season.Tonight, my wonder is a needlewithout a thread,it embroiders with the missinglinks between a satellite's silver, the dyingedges of a sore, an oxtail boneI once nibbled clean,my grandmother's braidsturned tinsel after two wars,words, aluminum, allure,alumbrar, aludir—Yesterday's cloudmight become shadowedwith rain over some strangerI will meet another day [End Page 35] and the sheen over redpomegranate seedson my sister's hand warbleswhite like the seabetween us.I have many questionsI leave unresolved for tomorrowand tomorrow: every starperiphery and center,part lyre, part storied lover,not a single thing untethered. [End Page 36] When a Language Is Said to Be Lost or prodigal, it's really underway.This is the principle of mass conservation:that memory can be exhausted into feathery grayashes, but the mind, like hair, can't help but absorb,carry the smell of smoke wherever it goes. Belongingsplits easier than an atom into being, longing, and language, yes,I have known it to erode into dust, but also birtha new mountain within the mouth. [End Page 37] Self-Portrait as I I think, therefore I am. Or I amlying here because you think of me:your back blooms: my spine, a caterpillar,has found a resting place on it: you a warmline adding to my line: we convergeinto a single letter, write out the hanja 人over the swirling galaxyof our dark blankets to mean us a soul.In Spanish, yo is the first person singular,a pair made from consonant and vowel. With my airand your ear, we utter into existence.And I stands alone, untilwe get intimate, peel the dress from its diphthongthighs. Ai: love, morning and you risefor me. Ready the scent of eggs and coffee.Our yo omitted, personhood and timeinfused into action. Outside:the city stirs to make the city. [End Page 38] Ae Hee Lee Ae Hee Lee was born in South Korea and raised in Peru. She received her MFA from the University of Notre Dame and is a PhD candidate in Literature and Creative Writing at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Her poetry has been published or is forthcoming in the Georgia Review, Southeast Review, Poetry, Pleiades, Denver Quarterly, and the Adroit Journal, among others. She is the author of two chapbooks: Bedtime // Riverbed (Compound Press, 2017) and Dear Bear (Platypus Press, 2021). Copyright © 2020 Middlebury College Publications

PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH MEDIS PADAT SEBAGAI UPAYA PENYEHATAN LINGKUNGAN DI RSUD BANGKINANG KABUPATEN KAMPAR

The Purpose of this study was to analyze the types and amounts and resources of solid madical waste management including : human resources, facilities and infrastructure as well as the costs, management status and impact of solid medical waste on the environmention Bangkinng District Hospital. This research was conducted in July – August 2019. Research subjects that made informants were the hospital director on the person in charge, head of planning, head of sanitation unit, head of friends room. Head of fighting room, head of ICU room, head of room Ali Bin Abithalib, head of IGD room, celaning service, and the people who live around Bangkinang District Hospital. This research uses survey methods with quantitaive and qualitative approach. The amount of solid medical waste generation is 30,7 kg/day and solid medical waste generated in Bangkinang District Hospital in one month was 955,7 kg. Management of solid medical waste in Bangkinang District Hospital still mixws medical waste with non mediacal waste. District hospital management of solid medical waste in Bangkinang District Hospital is not accordance with Permenkes No. 1204/MenKes/SK/X/2014, regarding hospital environmental health requirements.The impact by community around Bangkinang District Hospital is the smell smoke and shortness of breath, as well as the impact on air polution

\u201cWe don\u2019t want our clothes to smell smoke\u201d: changing malaria control practices and opportunities for integrated community-based management in Baringo, Kenya

BackgroundThe decline in global malaria cases is attributed to intensified utilization of primary vector control interventions and artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). These strategies are inadequate in many rural areas, thus adopting locally appropriate integrated malaria control strategies is imperative in these heterogeneous settings. This study aimed at investigating trends and local knowledge on malaria and to develop a framework for malaria control for communities in Baringo, Kenya.MethodsClinical malaria cases obtained from four health facilities in the riverine and lowland zones were used to analyse malaria trends for the 2005–2014 period. A mixed method approach integrating eight focus group discussions, 12 key informant interviews, 300 survey questionnaires and two stakeholders’ consultative forums were used to assess local knowledge on malaria risk and develop a framework for malaria reduction.ResultsMalaria cases increased significantly during the 2005–2014 period (tau = 0.352; p < 0.001) in the riverine zone. March, April, May, June and October showed significant increases compared to other months. Misconceptions about the cause and mode of malaria transmission existed. Gender-segregated outdoor occupation such as social drinking, farm activities, herding, and circumcision events increased the risk of mosquito bites. A positive relationship occurred between education level and opinion on exposure to malaria risk after dusk (χ2 = 2.70, p < 0.05). There was over-reliance on bed nets, yet only 68% (204/300) of respondents owned at least one net. Complementary malaria control measures were under-utilized, with 90% of respondents denying having used either sprays, repellents or burnt cow dung or plant leaves over the last one year before the study was conducted. Baraza, radios, and mobile phone messages were identified as effective media for malaria information exchange. Supplementary strategies identified included unblocking canals, clearing Prosopis bushes, and use of community volunteers and school clubs to promote social behaviour change.ConclusionsThe knowledge gap on malaria transmission should be addressed to minimize the impacts and enhance uptake of appropriate malaria management mechanisms. Implementing community-based framework can support significant reductions in malaria prevalence by minimizing both indoor and outdoor malaria transmissions.

Fenomena perokok wanita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tes, Kabuapten Lebong, Provinsi Bengkulu

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the cause and process of women smoking behavior. Method: Phenomenological study conducted involving 15 women who smoked and lived in Tes village, Lebong District of Bengkulu. Data collection through in-depth interviews and participant observation. The validity of this data through in-depth interviews on two public health center staff, and four husbands of the participants.Results: Imitating friends, having smoking mothers, financial independency, increased sensitivity and desire for cigarette smoke smell when pregnant were the reasons women to smoke. They enjoy cigaret after meal and smoked as part of their culture (smoke on the day received salary and celebrations day “uleak”). If they were not smoking they got headaches, bitter mouth and tongue felt thick, and support from husband towards smoking behavior. The study also found that there was no any education about the impacts of smoking. Conclusion: It is indispensable to do health education about the impacts of smoking on health for women and required a special program to help women smokers to stop smoking and prevent non-smoking women from start smoking, such as quit smoking counseling services.

PEMANFAATAN ASAP CAIR DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS BAHAN OLAH KARET PETANI KARET

An effort in improving field latex quality has been conducted through community service activity for rubber farmers at Dusun Alur Hitam, Sekoci Village, Langkat Regency. The farmers generally use unrecommended coagulant such as fertilizer, extract of mengkudu or fern sap for coagulating their latex that can reduce the quality of rubber. The low quality of field latex, thus in turn reduce its selling price and income of farmers. Liquid smoke produced by pyrolysis of palm frond waste was proposed to be used as latex coagulant. Team of community service has designed and manufactured a pyrolysis reactor for this activity. The pyrolysis process produced brown liquid smoke with pH of 3 and a strong smoke smell. The produced liquid smoke can coagulate latex perfectly with the time needed were 2¢,25ʺ; 3¢,21ʺ and 4¢,29ʺ at the ratio of liquid smoke to latex were 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20 respectively with the use of liquid smoke of 2 mL. The dry rubber content of latex reached 73.48%. Thus, the utilization of smoke liquid can improve the dry rubber content as high 20.48% since the rubber buyer agents only set the dry rubber content of 53%. The elongation at break (EB) of latex was in the range of 165.55% - 286.93%. it is necessary to increase the knowledge and skill of rubber farmers. In the future, the establishment of farmer group or cooperative at Dusun Alur Hitam should be encouraged so as to facilitate the farmers in selling their product

Hope in the hunt for brain disorder biomarkers.

Imagine trying to fight a fire blind-folded. You can smell smoke, but what do you use to put out the blaze if you don’t know how it’s fueled? Brain disorders pose a similar challenge in medicine. Despite progress in neuroimaging, clinicians and researchers still lack reliable biological

Human response to non‐injury accidental house fires

SummaryResearch on fatal fires and evacuation exercises yield little or no information about how fire victims respond to a real house fire incident where occupants' mental stress levels differ greatly. Drawing upon daily records of fire incidents from the Victorian Metropolitan Fire Brigade and Country Fire Authority, Australia, 182 individuals who had survived accidental residential fires without serious injuries were interviewed. Similar to most literature, this paper found that electrical failure and cooking‐related activities were the main causes of non‐injury house fires. The smell of smoke was the top listed cue that first alerted an individual (‘host’ or person in the vicinity). The majority of hosts took proactive actions when facing the threat of a fire, while in only one third of survived fires no attempt to extinguish the fire was made at the time of ignition. This study did not reveal any significant relationships between main activities during a fire and occupant characteristics; however, people with no or only basic fire safety knowledge were more likely to engage in activities such as attempting to extinguish a fire/collect personal belongings/rescue pets/disconnect power source than those who had some level of fire training. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Indoor and Outdoor Locations in Airports Across Europe and the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Conduct a systematic evaluation of indoor and outdoor areas of selected airports, assess compliance and identify areas of improvement with smoke-free policies in airports. Cross-sectional observational study conducted at 21 airports in Europe (11) and the United States (10). Using a standardized protocol, we assessed compliance (smoking, cigarette butts, smoke smell), and the physical environment (signage, ashtrays, designated smoking rooms [DSRs], tobacco sales). Cigarette butts (45% vs. 0%), smoke smell (67% vs. 0%), ashtrays (18% vs. 10%), and DSRs (63% vs. 30%) were observed more commonly indoors in Europe than in the United States. Poor compliance indoors was related to the presence of DSRs (OR 4.8, 95% CI 0.69, 33.8) and to cigarettes sales in pre-security areas (OR 6.0, 95% CI 0.57, 64.7), although not significantly different. Smoking was common in outdoor areas of airports in Europe and the United States (mean (SD) number of smokers 27.7 (23.6) and 6.3 (7.7), respectively, p value < .001). Around half (55%) of airports in Europe and all airports in the United States had some/partial outdoor smoking restrictions. Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) remains a public health problem in major airports across Europe and in some airports in the United States, specifically related to the presence of DSRs and SHS exposure in outdoor areas. Airports must remove DSRs. Research is needed in low- and middle-income countries and on the effectiveness of outdoor smoking-restricted areas around entryways. Eliminating smoking at airports will protect millions of people from SHS exposure and promote social norms that discourage smoking. Airports are known to allow exceptions to smoke-free policy by providing DSRs. We found that smoking still occurs in indoor areas in airports, particularly in the context of DSRs. Smoking, moreover, is widespread in outdoor areas and compliance with smoking restrictions is limited. Advancing smoke-free policy requires improvements to the physical environment of airports, including removal of DSRs and implementation of stricter outdoor smoking restrictions.

Can hibernators sense and evade fires? Olfactory acuity and locomotor performance during deep torpor.

Increased habitat fragmentation, global warming and other human activities have caused a rise in the frequency of wildfires worldwide. To reduce the risks of uncontrollable fires, prescribed burns are generally conducted during the colder months of the year, a time when in many mammals torpor is expressed regularly. Torpor is crucial for energy conservation, but the low body temperatures (T b) are associated with a decreased responsiveness and torpid animals might therefore face an increased mortality risk during fires. We tested whether hibernators in deep torpor (a) can respond to the smell of smoke and (b) can climb to avoid fires at T bs below normothermic levels. Our data show that torpid eastern pygmy-possums (Cercartetus nanus) are able to detect smoke and also can climb. All males aroused from torpor when the smoke stimulus was presented at an ambient temperature (T a) of 15°C (T b ∼18°C), whereas females only raised their heads. The responses were less pronounced at T a 10°C. The first coordinated movement of possums along a branch was observed at a mean T b of 15.6°C, and animals were even able to climb their prehensile tail when they reached a mean T b of 24.4°C. Our study shows that hibernators can sense smoke and move at low T b. However, our data also illustrate that at T b ≤13°C, C. nanus show decreased responsiveness and locomotor performance and highlight that prescribed burns during winter should be avoided on very cold days to allow torpid animals enough time to respond.

Honest Violence in Tim O’Brien’s “How to Tell a True War Story”

Later, higher in the mountains, we came across a baby VC water buffalo...After supper Rat Kiley went over and stroked its nose...He stepped back and shot it through the right front knee. The animal did not make a sound. It went down hard, then got up again, and Rat took careful aim and shot off an ear. He shot it in the hindquarters and in the little hump at its back. He shot it twice in the flanks. It wasn’t to kill; it was just to hurt. He put the rifle muzzle up against the mouth and shot the mouth away. Nobody said much. The whole platoon stood there watching, feeling all kinds of things, but there wasn’t a great deal of pity for the baby water buffalo. Curt Lemon was dead. Rat Kiley had lost his best friend in the world. Later in the week he would write a long personal letter to the guy’s sister, who would not write back, but for now it was a question of pain. He shot off the tail. He shot away chunks of meat below the ribs. All around us there was the smell of smoke and filth, and deep greenery, and the evening was humid and very hot. Rat went to automatic. He shot randomly, almost casually, quick little spurts in the belly and butt. Then he reloaded, squatted down, and shot it in the left front knee. Again the animal fell hard and tried to get up, but this time it couldn’t quite make it. It wobbled and went down sideways. Rat shot it in the nose. He bent forward and whispered something, as if talking to a pet, then he shot it in the throat. All the while the baby buffalo was silent, or almost silent, just a light bubbling sound where the nose had been. It lay very still. Nothing moved except the eyes, which were enormous, the pupils shiny black and dumb. —from Tim O’Brien’s “How to Tell a True War Story”

Health effects of the 2012 Valencia (Spain) wildfires on children in a cohort study.

In July 2012, two simultaneous wildfires burnt a big area in Valencia (Spain), where a birth cohort study (INMA) is being developed. The heavy smoke covered the whole INMA study area for several days. We aimed at evaluating the 2012 Valencia wildfire effects on the health of children enrolled in the INMA-Valencia cohort. Two weeks after the extinction of the wildfires, a phone survey was conducted and finally 460 individuals were enrolled. We considered a wildfire period (12-day interval when they were active) and a control period (12-day interval just before wildfires). Parents were asked about respiratory symptoms experienced during both periods, and during wildfires only about the preventive measures adopted and the perception of exposure, along with individual data collected through the different follow-up surveys of the cohort. Conditional logistic regression models were applied, and we included interaction terms for asthma/rhinitis and level of perception of exposure; 82.4% perceived smoke smell outdoors, 40% indoors and more than 90% of the families observed the presence of ash. An adjusted odds ratio of 3.11 [95% confidence interval 1.62-5.97] for itchy/watery eyes and 3.02 [1.41-6.44] for sore throat was obtained. Significant interaction terms for rhinitis and asthma in itchy/watery eyes and sneezing, and only asthma for sore throat were obtained. Exposure to wildfire smoke was associated with increased respiratory symptoms in this child population, particularly affecting susceptible individuals with asthma or rhinitis.

Smoking environments in transition: the experiences of recent Chinese migrants to Canada.

International migrants experience first-hand differences between countries in terms of the social meanings, spatial regulation and prevalence of smoking. This research centred on the smoking-related perceptions, experiences and behaviours of recent migrants from China to Canada. Eight focus groups were held in Edmonton, Alberta, in July-October 2013 to explore migrants' understandings of the practices and meanings of smoking in both countries. There were 58 participants (37 non-smokers and 21 smokers), most of whom were international students. Qualitative content analysis of focus group transcripts was undertaken to identify key themes. Participants observed that smoking remains almost ubiquitous in China due to ineffective spatial restrictions and the social importance of smoking among men. By contrast, smoking bans in Canada were perceived as effective due to widespread compliance and expectations of enforcement. They were conscious that male smoking was both less prevalent and less socially valued in Canada; conversely, female smoking was perceived as more accepted in Canada than in China. There was broad agreement that smoking was tolerated in Canada, provided it occurred in appropriate places. Complying with widespread spatial restrictions brought about changes in smokers' behaviours: they smoked less often, and consumed fewer cigarettes. Because smoking was more difficult to perform, participants thought the Canadian context supported quitting. Non-smokers were enthusiastic about smoke-free environments in Canada, and had become acculturated to air that did not smell of smoke. These findings affirm the importance of comprehensive smoking bans, backed by enforcement, in contributing to the denormalisation of smoking and the protection of non-smokers.

What is the Smell of Law? First Assumptions for the Semiotics of Juridical 'Matter'

This article is a semiological approach to a possible smell of Law, considering that the area of semiotics may include any of the five senses. Based on the perception of Law being represented by the Latin expression “ Fumus boni juris”, we conjecture here if the smell of Law would be the smell of smoke, also describing its structures. From that point on, we discussed the structures of the juridical matter.

Four Poems

Four Poems LAWRENCE DUGAN A Name for the Theater A theater needing a name for itself Became The University of the Streets— Strindberg, Williams, Albee— exploring all The old valleys of discontentedness, The flawed republic of a southern county, A Scandinavian town with one honest Man in it, places where the truth was frail, From courthouse to bedroom, the unnamed art Of staged confrontation, performed again In a large East Side basement before dark Semicircles of folding chairs. Afterward Couples and loners scattered down Tompkins Street, as hopeful a group of people As I’ve ever seen, open to the thought, The idea become possibility, That this time the show would be memorable, That the Swedish preacher or Southern poet, Even playwright X from Connecticut Would find a method of lighting the stage. arion 22.3 winter 2015 Ad Libyam The Romans brooded over her The other city across the sea That challenged them as nowhere else And left them staring out at the water As if she were a place within sight of the City Itself. They were appalled by what they heard Of her rites and temples, the terrible offerings To impossible gods, the sacrificial flames At times consuming even the priests In gowns of fire. Later Virgil apotheosized Her as The New Town built by Phoenician pirates But that was after it all happened as It was all ordained. By then Hannibal was dead, Dido a myth, the city flattened and ploughed And rebuilt after a hundred years, still a beautiful harbor Ringed by the Atlas mountains, revived as a merchant’s paradise, Proud of her silver coins with elephants stamped on them, Still facing the perfect enemy, the perfect sea. four poems 2 What They Thought of It The trap-door in its belly was seamless Invisible at a hundred feet The men inside as snug as submariners, Napping beside a rope coiled Like an umbilicus to lower them, Attuned to a simple ancient sonar, Waiting for the ping or tap freeing them Or the smell of smoke, a little at first And then a lot, telling them they were doomed. Children loved its massive oak hooves Carpenters admired its oaken sturdiness A sculptor marveled at the ears and tail A philosopher searched for an axiom; The aesthetes were appalled, right for once For the wrong reason. Matrons Fanned themselves and shrugged, glad They had missed the nastiness earlier that day. The politicians saw both sides of the question; And as the sun set the giant gift almost Seemed part of a landscape, a familiar monument Along a shoreline, close to the walls of a great city. As they dragged it through the bronze gates One wine drinker slapped another on the back. Lawrence Dugan 3 The Empty Landscape For centuries those paintings were crowded With saints, soldiers, prophets, Mother and Child. Then they were empty and dark, beautiful Landscapes of a Holland the Dutch painters Had never seen before, filled with sand dunes Rising in the center of the canvas, Black clouds over a wave-crested sea, a ship Leaning into the wind but manned by no one We can see, its pilot invisible in the landscape, A Dutch world barren of religion, free From the old narrative of the Holy Family escaping to Egypt an hour Ahead of Herod’s posse, a solitary Angel leading the way to the pyramids; Free from the crowd at the foot of the cross, The lamentation of angels, the Mother’s Sorrow. Now there is a dark windy day Standing on a dune facing the North sea Swelling under an empty black sky. The fall And rise of many in the House of Israel Is far in the past, the wind-tossed dune grass Looks rooted in the barren hilly sand. four poems 4 ...

Study on Identification Method and Property for Packaging Plastic Materials

Plastic packaging is an indispensable element in the packaging industry. The identification of plastic component can provide important information for industry and inspection and quarantine departments. However, the development of plastic processing technology brings more difficulties and challenges to the identification. Identification methods of non-instrument are put forward in the paper. Density, halogen testing, solubility and burning test are investigated to learn some physical properties and get detailed features. Among, different liquids combination used for density, solubility of plastic in different solution, flame colour and smell of smoke during burning test are given. These can help to promote research and development, ensure export safety, ect.

Smell and taste in clinical neurology: Five new things.

Advancements in the field of smell and taste disorders have allowed easier and more reliable diagnosis with minimal effort and cost. Posttraumatic smell and taste disorders have shown a better prognosis than previously recognized. The recognition that many neurodegenerative disorders, such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, and premotor and idiopathic Parkinson disease have impaired smell loss is an important advancement in the clinical course of these disorders. Smell and taste abnormalities often lead to unexplained weight loss, decreased appetite, depression, and inability to smell smoke and recognize spoiled foods. Symptoms of dysosmia and dysgeusia have been more clinically defined and treated in the last 10 years, but treatment benefits are anecdotal. The morbidity and impaired quality of life in smell and taste disorders has been increasingly recognized and reported this last decade. Information on changes in food preparation has increased for those with impaired taste who do not enjoy eating.

I have “olfactory hallucinations” in which I smell smoke. What could be causing this?

I have “olfactory hallucinations” in which I smell smoke. What could be causing this?

P124 Children unite to stop smoking in cars

<h3></h3> It is well-established that second-hand cigarette smoke affects the health of everyone who is exposed to it. However, second-hand smoke is particularly dangerous for children, increasing their risk of developing asthma, chest infections and triggering asthma attacks. In addition, previous research shows that smoking just one cigarette in a car, even with the window open, creates a greater concentration of second-hand smoke than a whole evening9s smoking in a pub. Hence, exposing children to second-hand smoke in a car is exceptionally hazardous. This study sought information regarding children9s experiences of, and attitudes towards, being exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke, including exposure in cars. 1001 children aged 8–15 (51% male, 49% female) were surveyed online via a self-completion questionnaire between 20 and 27 January 2011. 51% of respondents had been in a car when someone has been smoking at some time. Of the 512 respondents who had been in a car while someone was smoking, 31% said they would ask them to stop, 24% said they were too embarrassed to ask them to stop, 9% said they were too scared to say anything and 21% said they didn9t mind. All respondents were asked how they felt when an adult smokes near them. 58% said it made them smell of smoke, 49% said it made them feel sick, 44% said it made them cough and only 7% said it didn9t bother them. 86% of all respondents said they would like the Government to stop people from smoking when children are in the car, with only 4% saying they would not and 10% saying they did not know. This survey shows that an overwhelming majority of children would support legislation to protect children from passive smoke in the car. This work also suggests that when exposed to second-hand smoke while travelling in a car, many children do not feel able to ask the smoker to stop. More work is needed to empower children and give them a voice to help change legislation around smoking in private cars and to increase awareness of the dangers of second-hand smoke.

Bring me a fiddle, I think I smell smoke

THE ROMAN emporer Nero, legend has it, asked for his fi ddle one balmy evening. Resting on the soft grass of one of the famous undulating hills that overlooked the metropolis that was ancient Rome, Nero chatted with courtesans and friends, drinking wine and watching the world go by. Below, in the confusing jumble of scattered streets and tumbling buildings, a tragedy of vast proportions and lives wasted was playing out. One that would leave its indelible mark on modern history and the future of the western world. Nero fiddled, while his empire and his people literally went up in smoke.

The Mask and the Mirror: Facing up to the Past in Postwar Peru

The Senderistas (Shining Path guerrillas) attacked at night. We'd be asleep. The smell of smoke woke us up, the roofs all in flames. Then the screaming. We'd grab our children and run toward the river. It was dark, but they wore masks. If they'd taken off those masks, we would have recognized them. They were our neighbors. Dios Tayta, we've seen what our neighbours can do.-Interview, a community in the highlands of Ayacucho1IntroductionOn August 28, 2003, the Commissioners of the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) submitted their Final Report to President Alejandro Toledo and the nation. After two years of work and some 17 000 testimonies, the Commissioners had completed their task of examining the causes and consequences of the internal armed conflict of the 1980s and 1990s.Among the most striking conclusions in the Final Report is the number of fatalities-69 280 deaths, three times the number cited by human rights organizations and the government prior to the TRC-and the responsibility for these deaths. In the section of the Final Report regarding accountability, the Commissioners state that the Shining Path guerrillas (Senderistas) were responsible for 54% of the fatalities reported to the TRC (TRC 2003).I would like to follow the implications of this statistic, which supports what campesinos have been telling me throughout my years of research in Ayacucho, the region of Peru that bore the greatest loss of life and infrastructure during the war. There is a lament in the communities with which I have worked: Jesus Cristo, look what we've done among brothers.2 Although the Senderista leadership was composed of university-based provincial elites, the rank and file were peasants. Certainly I do not seek to diminish the atrocities committed by the armed forces; rather, I note the level of civilian participation in the killing. The forms of violence suffered and practised influence the reconstruction process when the fighting subsides. The fratricidal nature of Peru's internal armed conflict means that in any given community, ex-Senderistas, current sympathizers, widows, orphans and veterans live side-by-side. This is a charged social landscape. It is a mixture of victims and perpetrators-and that sizeable segment of the population that blurs the dichotomy, inhabiting what Levi called the grey zone of half tints and moral complexity (Levi 1989).What is it like to live in such a context? What is it like knowing just who one lives with, and living with what oneself has done? What are the social and psychological strategies that people use to address this reality and attempt to reconstruct social relationships?As a way of thinking about these questions, I would like to focus on a figure that appears incessantly in my conversations with members of campesino communities in Ayacucho. I refer to the figure of the mascarayuqkuna, the Certainly there were people during the political violence; however, more than the physical presence of armed actors, what interests me in the insistent, reiterative symbol of the masked ones. What lies behind the masks that haunt these narratives, particularly in those communities in which the masked ones were frequently neighbours and family members?In his study of public secrecy, Taussig asks, [What] if the truth is not so much a secret as a public secret, as is the case with the most important social knowledge, knowing what not to know? (1999:2). He suggests that such secrets are essential to everyday life. I believe there is a public secret at work in these communities, and the construction of anonymity and distance where neither of the two exists. It is to everyday life that I turn, convinced it is the realm in which people rebuild social relationships. As I will demonstrate, talk about masks, faces and facelessness is talk about morality and immorality. Local moral discourse is embodied, leading me to think in terms of a phenomenology of justice and injustice, as well as the complicated alchemy of remembering and forgetting that characterizes postwar social worlds. …