Smartphone Use Research Articles

Assessing the Impact of Smartphone Use on Neck Pain and Related Symptoms Among Residents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The widespread adoption of smartphones has transformed global communication but raised health concerns like Text Neck Syndrome - a musculoskeletal condition arising from prolonged device use, causing discomfort in the cervical spine. This study investigates its prevalence and associated factors among smartphone users in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, focusing on usage patterns, symptoms, and awareness. This cross-sectional online surveywas conducted from June 1 to June 30, 2024. Data on demographics, smartphone habits, symptoms, and Text Neck Syndrome awareness were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The study included 421 participants, predominantly female (279, 66.3%) and Saudi nationals (397, 94.3%). The largest age group was 21-40 years (308, 73.2%), and most were single (251, 59.6%) with a college degree (236, 56.1%). Over 42.0% of participants used smartphones for more than five hours daily, with 39.4% adopting a 30-degree neck posture. The most prevalent symptoms reported were neck pain (272, 64.6%), headaches (203, 48.2%), and shoulder pain (178, 42.3%). Awareness of Text Neck Syndrome was reported by 197 participants (46.8%), but only 60 (14.3%) had been diagnosed. Concerns about long-term complications such as osteoporosis (105, 24.9%) and prolapsed intervertebral disc (120, 28.5%) were expressed. Despite these concerns, 97.9% of participants hesitated to reduce smartphone usage due to reported symptoms. This study highlights the significant musculoskeletal impact of smartphone use in Jeddah, underscoring the need for interventions promoting ergonomic practices and increasing awareness about associated risks. Public health strategies should focus on promoting ergonomic practices and educating users about preventive measures.

Estimation of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Hand Muscle Performance in Chronic Smartphone Users

Introduction: In recent years, smartphone use has significantly expanded, and the majority of daily tasks are now completed on them. Therefore, extended use may result in improper posture, which may result in several musculoskeletal pains. It's crucial to assess the relationship between smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal pain. The length-tension relationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles might alter due to the repetitive movement of the hand muscles. The purpose of the study is to determine the length tension relationship of the intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles in chronic smartphone users. Methods: The cross-sectional design of this study allowed for the selection of 80 participants based on both inclusion and exclusion criteria. The information that was gathered included demographic information, smartphone usage patterns, hand grip strength, and length-tension relationships. The subjects' pain levels were also measured using the smart phone addiction scale. The male and female scores on the smartphone addiction scale were >31 and >33, respectively. Results: The findings of this study among 80 chronic smartphone users demonstrated that 50 (62.5%) of them fell in the 25–30 age bracket, whereas 30 (12.5%) were in the 30-35 range. Amongst them, 69 (86.25%) were right-handed, while 11 (13.75%) were left-handed. Upper Limb Tension Test, Visual Analogue Scale, and Smartphone Addiction Scale mean + SD readings were 37.77 + 9.5, 5.66 + 1.47, and 0.76 + 0.42, respectively. Conclusion: According to the outcomes of this research, we established a link between smartphone use and the length-tension of the hand muscles. We can therefore draw the conclusion that among subjects who used cell phones frequently, there was a change in the length-tension relation of the hand muscles, which resulted in a reduction in hand grip strength.

Closing Eyes with Artificial Tears: A Simple and Effective Strategy to Combat Screen-Related Asthenopia and Dry Eye Symptoms

BackgroundThe widespread use of various video display terminals (VDTs) always had a detrimental impact on ocular health. Prolonged use of smartphones has been one of the leading causes of dry eye (DE) and asthenopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find a simple and effective strategy to combat screen-related DE and asthenopia. MethodsA group of healthy participants aged 18 and above were randomly assigned to three groups and tasked with a 2-hour smartphone reading task. After 1 hour of usage, each group adopted different methods of rest: no rest (Group A), a 10-minute eye-closed rest (Group B), or a 10-minute eye-closed joint artificial tears rest (Group C). Ophthalmological examinations and questionnaires were administered to all participants before and after the 2-hour reading task. Results90 qualified volunteers, including 29 males and 61 females, were randomly assigned to three groups. Group A demonstrated a significant increase in the severity of DE and asthenopia as evidenced by all the evaluated indices. On the other hand, Group C did not exhibit any notable change in DE and asthenopia symptoms, with an improvement in corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) results (p > 0.05) when compared to the pre-reading values. Group B showed a significant increase in ocular surface disease index (OSDI) (p ≤ 0.05) and a decrease in critical flicker frequency (CFF) (p ≤ 0.05). ConclusionsClose-eye rest with artificial tears may be a convenient and effective prevention strategy for screen-related DE and asthenopia.

The Hidden Pain: Understanding Smartphone Pinky Awareness and Risk Perception in the Eastern Province Population.

The detrimental effects of smartphone addiction impair hand functions and pinch strength. One prominent issue is the occurrence of "smartphone pinky,"which leads to dysfunction and pain in the fifth finger. This study aims to assess the level of awareness regarding smartphone pinky and its associated risk factors among the population of the Eastern Provinces. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 500 participants from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Participants voluntarily took part in the research, which spanned from July 2023 to February 2024. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire designed to gauge awareness of smartphone pinky and its contributing factors within the Eastern Province population. The study included 500 participants. This study showed that about half of the participants (48.8%) use smartphones for five to eight hours during the day. Moreover, about two-thirds of them (64.6%) held the smartphone in the wrong way. The majority of participants 74.4% have not heard about the smartphone pinky. Also, the results reveal that less than half of the participants (45.8%) think that the smartphone pinky can affect daily life. This study concluded that the majority ofparticipants have not heard about smartphone pinky and do not have awareness of the risk factors of smartphone use.

The Influence of Intensity of Smartphone Use on The Social Interaction of Students

The use of smartphones is currently very widely used in society, especially in social media and communicating with interlocutors using smartphone devices. However, despite all the advantages and convenience provided by smartphones, there are several negative impacts on their users, namely reduced face-to-face social interaction. This has resulted in reduced socialization, greetings and concern among the community, especially students at the Faculty of Psychology, Raden Fatah State Islamic University, Palembang. Therefore, the aim of this research is to find out whether there is a significant influence of the intensity of smartphone use on students' social interactions. This research method uses an experimental method with a research design using a one-group posttest design. The sampling technique uses a probability sampling technique, namely by taking 30 random samples of students from the class of 2021 population. The data collection technique uses a Likert scale questionnaire which has been distributed to respondents. The statistical data analysis technique uses the one sample t-test technique. The results of data analysis obtained a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.383, greater than 0.05, so the hypothesis and research objectives were accepted. So, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the intensity of smartphone use on the social interaction of students class of 2021, Faculty of Psychology, Raden Fatah University, Palembang.

The teachers' ban or permission of smartphone use in Algerian secondary school classrooms

Over the past few years, smartphones have grown exponentially in popularity, especially in education. As part of a new pedagogical trend, many educational institutions are integrating smartphones into the classroom as a learning tool. This paper investigates students' different use of smartphones during lessons, both with and without their teacher's permission. The study also examines the duration of smartphone use by students in these two cases. A quantitative research design was employed, and data from a random sample of 195 students in the Setif district (east of Algeria) was collected using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS v26. The findings revealed that 97.4% of students own a smartphone, and 77% use it daily for more than three hours. Only 27.2% of teachers allow their students to use smartphones during lessons. The findings also indicated that 60% of learners spent more than 10 minutes using their smartphones during lessons without the teacher's permission for non-educational purposes. Additionally, 23% of learners spent more than 10 minutes using their smartphones during lessons with the teacher's permission for educational purposes. The study concluded that there is a link between the amount of time learners spend on their smartphones in classrooms and teacher decisions. Learners use their smartphones more for non-educational purposes if the teacher does not allow them to use them for educational purposes. The most important recommendation is to understand how students use and think about their smartphones.

청소년의 스마트폰 과의존 치유에 대한 교육학적 접근

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to approach practical measures for curing teenagers' smartphone addiction from a pedagogical perspective. [Contents] Solving smartphone addiction is a difficult task. This is because the term ‘resolution’ itself has a strong meaning of being completely concluded. Therefore, the focus should be on cultivating the ability to cure and manage smartphone addiction through addiction healing rather than solving addiction. A new human race called Phono Sapiens has emerged who uses smartphones like part of their body. This means that we spend a lot of time with our smartphones. However, excessive use of smartphones has led to the creation of a new term, ‘smombie’, and concerns have long been raised that excessive use of digital devices is linked to digital dementia. Teenagers are also not free from this phenomenon. Youth addiction to smartphones is becoming more severe, and the age group is also decreasing. Smartphone addiction causes many problems. A pedagogical approach to curing teenagers' smartphone addiction must be developed with the attention of adults. [Conclusions] If you want your children to change, your parents must change. This means that curing smartphone addiction should not be left solely to our children, but parents should also join in. When we go on a smartphone detox together and take time to focus on our inherent humanity, a world of trust and respect and responsibility is created.

Pengenalan Digital Marketing dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Penjualan Hasil Pertanian di Desa Pasar Lembu Kecamatan Air Joman Kabupaten Asahan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

The development of information technology has brought changes to people's lives, such as the widespread use of smartphones as a circulating digital communication medium and its very rapid development has an impact on society, especially in supporting business activities both on a large and small scale, one of which is the livelihood sector. The increasingly worrying condition of farmers, coupled with the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020, has brought changes to the business sector, experiencing very drastic changes and decline. Some countries have implemented lockdowns, there are social restrictions and there are regulations on people's life activities not to gather in crowds, especially in buying and selling activities. With the help of this technology, online systems can help business actors to expand networks between businesses that are no longer limited by barriers of time and space. This outreach activity is very beneficial for the community, most of whom are farmers. The material provided can also increase understanding of knowledge and practice of steps to use Facebook or Instagram for product promotion. Through this outreach activity, it is hoped that it can increase awareness of the farming community and MSMEs in Pasar Lembu Village, Air Joman District, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra Province to start practicing using Facebook or Instagram for product promotion.

Musculoskeletal Health Risks Associated With Smartphone Use: A Retrospective Study from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Smartphone usage has become ubiquitous in Saudi Arabia with concerns growing over its impact on musculoskeletal health. Globally, various musculoskeletal symptoms have been linked to smartphone use such as neck pain, headaches, and shoulder discomfort, often exacerbated by poor posture and prolonged screen time. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to investigate the impact of smartphone use on musculoskeletal health among adults aged 18 years and older. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling from various settings such as universities, workplaces, and public areas. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered both online and in paper format, covering demographic characteristics, smartphone usage behaviors, awareness of smartphone-related health effects, and the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms. A total of 413 participants from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were surveyed to assess musculoskeletal symptoms associated with smartphone use. Demographic analysis revealed a predominantly young, single, and highly educated population, primarily Saudi nationals. Smartphone usage patterns showed extensive daily use, with over 41% using their devices for more than five hours daily. The majority were aware of smartphone-related health effects. Musculoskeletal symptoms were prevalent, notably neck pain (83.8%), arm pain (63.8%), and headaches (71.2%). The incidence of symptoms related to text neck syndrome was substantial, although awareness and diagnosis were limited. The severity of symptoms varied, with mild to moderate levels reported most frequently. This study highlights a substantial prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among smartphone users in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the need for public health interventions to promote ergonomic practices and mitigate health risks associated with smartphone use. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to establish causal relationships and evaluate intervention strategies aimed at reducing these symptoms effectively.

NAVIGATING THE DIGITAL ABYSS: EXPLORING THE NEXUS BETWEEN LONELINESS, AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, AND SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Smartphone addiction has become a growing concern, potentially linked to negative outcomes in adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the influence of loneliness and aggressive behavior on smartphone habits among teenagers. Employing a quantitative approach, the research utilized a correlational design with a sample of 87 students. The study instruments included validated and reliable scales for measuring loneliness, aggressive behavior, and smartphone addiction. Data analysis involved multiple aggression analysis. The results revealed a significant association between both loneliness and aggressive behavior with smartphone use. This suggests that adolescents experiencing loneliness or exhibiting aggressive tendencies might engage in more frequent or problematic smartphone use. Building upon these findings, future research could delve deeper into the potential of digital education and media literacy programs to support healthy smartphone habits and reduce excessive use among adolescents. Additionally, investigating the impact of such programs on the development of guidance and counseling services for university students could be valuable.

Smartphone usage and its associated behaviours among undergraduate medical students in Pakistan

This study aimed to determine the trends of smartphone usage and behaviours associated with its use among undergraduate medical students at ABWA Medical College, Pakistan. Conducted from July to December 2023, this cross-sectional survey involved 270 undergraduate medical students, with 264 participants responding, resulting in a 97.7% response rate. The validated Smartphone Addiction Survey (SAS) was administered via an online Google form after obtaining informed consent. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The study identified that smartphone usage among medical students includes information storage, communication, education, and entertainment, with no statistically significant gender-based differences (p > 0.05). Behaviours associated with smartphone usage included daily life disturbance, overuse, withdrawal, cyberspace-oriented relations, and tolerance. The ANOVA test revealed significant differences in cyberspace-oriented relations (p = 0.012), while no significant differences were found among different MBBS classes for daily life disturbance, overuse, withdrawal, and tolerance. These findings provide valuable insights into smartphone usage patterns and behaviours among medical students, highlighting significant variations in online interaction habits. The results can inform targeted interventions to promote healthy smartphone use and improve educational experiences for medical students in the digital age.

Migrant remittances and the adoption of information and communication technology

In this study, we demonstrate that migrant families adopt ICT more than non-migrant households, the diffusion is higher among the recipients of remittances resulting from the long-duration, long-distance international migration than the short-duration, short-distance migration, and that foreign remittance recipients adopt advanced technologies to a greater extent compared to domestic remittance-recipients. We empirically test these hypotheses by using data on 160,624 households from the 2019 to 20 round of the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey and employing an instrumental-variable strategy as well as generalized two-step Heckman and Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting estimators. We come up with evidence of the significant effects of remittances on ICT adoption. Households with at least one domestic or international migrant, on average have 0.27 per capita mobile ownership and 0.12 higher probability of having internet at home compared to non-recipient households. This effect is visible more among international-remittance than domestic-remittance-receiving households. ICT adoption also increases with the amount received. We find that remittances accelerate the adoption of smartphones and social media apps. Besides, while international remittances substantially increase the use of smartphones, internet and social media apps, domestic remittances mainly improve basic phone adoption. Remittances also help reduce the rural-urban and male-female digital divide.

Healthcare professionals' willingness to utilize a mobile health application for adverse drug reaction reporting in a limited resource setting: An input for digital health, 2023

BackgroundAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant public health concern, particularly in limited resource settings where underreporting is prevalent due to various challenges. Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) offer a promising solution to enhance pharmacovigilance by facilitating easier and more efficient ADR reporting. However, despite the increasing availability and use of mHealth apps, there is a lack of evidence on healthcare professionals' willingness to adopt them for ADR reporting in resource-constrained environments. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the willingness of healthcare professionals in Ethiopia to utilize mobile health applications for adverse drug reaction reporting and identify associated factors. MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional study involving 422 healthcare professionals working in institutional settings. We gathered data through a pretested questionnaire that participants completed themselves. We inputted the data using Epi Data V.4.6 and analyzed it using SPSS V.26. Our analysis involved conducting multivariable logistic regression to identify the factors influencing the likelihood of healthcare professionals using mobile applications to report adverse drug reactions. ResultsThe study involved 389 healthcare professionals. Approximately 301 (77.4 %) of them expressed willingness to utilize mobile applications for reporting adverse drug reactions. The willingness to utilize mobile applications was significantly associated with the type of mobile phone (smart: AOR 3.56; 95 % CI 2.15–5.67), basic computer training (AOR 4.43; 95 % CI 2.27–8.64), mobile health-related training (AOR 1.96; 95 % CI 1.01–3.79), attitude (AOR 4.01; 95 % CI 2.19–7.35), perceived ease of use (AOR 2.91; 95 % CI 1.59–5.23), and perceived usefulness (AOR 2.10; 95 % CI 1.15–3.85). ConclusionsOverall, there was a high proportion of healthcare professionals willing to use mobile devices for reporting drug adverse reactions. Their willingness correlated with factors such as the type of mobile phone, perceived ease of use, attitude, training, and perceived usefulness of mobile applications. With the increasing use of smartphones, motivation among healthcare professionals is rising. Basic computer and mHealth-related training are crucial for enhancing the acceptability of such applications and should be incorporated into future implementations. Taking these factors into account could offer insights into the design and implementation of mobile applications for adverse drug reactions in Ethiopia.

Examining Associations Between Smartphone Use and Clinical Severity in Frontotemporal Dementia: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a leading cause of dementia in individuals aged <65 years. Several challenges to conducting in-person evaluations in FTLD illustrate an urgent need to develop remote, accessible, and low-burden assessment techniques. Studies of unobtrusive monitoring of at-home computer use in older adults with mild cognitive impairment show that declining function is reflected in reduced computer use; however, associations with smartphone use are unknown. This study aims to characterize daily trajectories in smartphone battery use, a proxy for smartphone use, and examine relationships with clinical indicators of severity in FTLD. Participants were 231 adults (mean age 52.5, SD 14.9 years; n=94, 40.7% men; n=223, 96.5% non-Hispanic White) enrolled in the Advancing Research and Treatment of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (ARTFL study) and Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects (LEFFTDS study) Longitudinal Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (ALLFTD) Mobile App study, including 49 (21.2%) with mild neurobehavioral changes and no functional impairment (ie, prodromal FTLD), 43 (18.6%) with neurobehavioral changes and functional impairment (ie, symptomatic FTLD), and 139 (60.2%) clinically normal adults, of whom 55 (39.6%) harbored heterozygous pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in an autosomal dominant FTLD gene. Participants completed the Clinical Dementia Rating plus National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Behavior and Language Domains (CDR+NACC FTLD) scale, a neuropsychological battery; the Neuropsychiatric Inventory; and brain magnetic resonance imaging. The ALLFTD Mobile App was installed on participants' smartphones for remote, passive, and continuous monitoring of smartphone use. Battery percentage was collected every 15 minutes over an average of 28 (SD 4.2; range 14-30) days. To determine whether temporal patterns of battery percentage varied as a function of disease severity, linear mixed effects models examined linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of the time of day and their interactions with each measure of disease severity on battery percentage. Models covaried for age, sex, smartphone type, and estimated smartphone age. The CDR+NACC FTLD global score interacted with time on battery percentage such that participants with prodromal or symptomatic FTLD demonstrated less change in battery percentage throughout the day (a proxy for less smartphone use) than clinically normal participants (P<.001 in both cases). Additional models showed that worse performance in all cognitive domains assessed (ie, executive functioning, memory, language, and visuospatial skills), more neuropsychiatric symptoms, and smaller brain volumes also associated with less battery use throughout the day (P<.001 in all cases). These findings support a proof of concept that passively collected data about smartphone use behaviors associate with clinical impairment in FTLD. This work underscores the need for future studies to develop and validate passive digital markers sensitive to longitudinal clinical decline across neurodegenerative diseases, with potential to enhance real-world monitoring of neurobehavioral change.

From everyday life to measurable problematic smartphone use: The development and validation of the Smartphone Use Problems Identification Questionnaire (SUPIQ).

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has gained attention, but its definition remains debated. This study aimed to develop and validate a new scale measuring PSU-the Smartphone Use Problems Identification Questionnaire (SUPIQ). Using two separate samples, a university community sample (N = 292) and a general population sample (N = 397), we investigated: (1) the construct validity of the SUPIQ through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; (2) the convergent validity of the SUPIQ with correlation analyses and the visualized partial correlation network analyses; (3) the psychometric equivalence of the SUPIQ across two samples through multigroup confirmatory factor analyses; (4) the explanatory power of the SUPIQ over the Short Version of Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV) with hierarchical multiple regressions. The results showed that the SUPIQ included 26 items and 7 factors (i.e., Craving, Coping, Habitual Use, Social Conflicts, Risky Use, Withdrawal, and Tolerance), with good construct and convergent validity. The configural measurement invariance across samples was established. The SUPIQ also explained more variances in mental health problems than the SAS-SV. The findings suggest that the SUPIQ shows promise as a tool for assessing PSU. Further research is needed to enhance and refine the SUPIQ as well as to investigate its clinical utility.

“Oh my phone, I can't live without you”: a phenomenological study of nomophobia among college students

PurposePrevious studies have identified concerns and anxiety in individuals who are without their mobile phones, which is known as nomophobia, an acronym for “no mobile phone phobia.” However, there is currently limited evidence of qualitative research that explores nomophobia. The purpose of this study is to explore personal experiences and individual meanings associated with mobile phone use and nomophobia.Design/methodology/approachTo address this gap, the present study employed a Heideggerian phenomenological approach to investigate the issue. Ten college students, who have medium to high nomophobia were selected as respondents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, which were then transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsA deep understanding of the psychological dynamics, experiences, meanings, perceptions and beliefs of individuals regarding smartphone use can only be explored through a qualitative approach that presents personal statements of individuals through in-depth semi-structured interviews. This study contributes to a deep understanding of the psychological dynamic of nomophobia.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has limitations that must be carefully considered. First, the respondents came from a university with a sample size of 10 people, which may not fully represent the phenomenon of nomophobia among students due to differences in cultural and academic backgrounds. However, we addressed this limitation by selecting only students who scored moderate to high levels of nomophobia. Second, the researchers acknowledge that the sample used in the study may not be fully representative of the broader target population or a larger group, as previously mentioned. Therefore, generalizing the findings of this research must be done carefully, being cautious and thoughtful to avoid hasty conclusions.Practical implicationsIn the functional context, it is recommended for individuals to be more mindful of their smartphone usage and strive to strike a balance between utilizing their device's capabilities for productive purposes and avoiding excessive dependency that may lead to distractions or information overload. This includes limiting excessive smartphone usage for entertainment purposes, restricting aimless and irrelevant Internet browsing and implementing effective time management when using smartphones. For smartphone users from the ontological context, the advice is to critically evaluate their digital presence and ensure that their online activities align with their true values and self-perception, promoting responsible and ethical smartphone use. Engaging in fasting or break sessions by completely turning off the smartphone at specific times and utilizing that time for activities such as reading books, writing and engaging in spiritual practices, or exercising is also advisable. In the anthropomorphic context, individuals are advised to reflect on the potential emotional dependence on their smartphones and consider establishing healthy boundaries to avoid excessive reliance on these devices to fulfill emotional needs. One practical recommendation is to engage in self-reflection, where individuals take some time to ponder their smartphone usage patterns and emotional attachment to the device. They should ask themselves why they feel the need to constantly check their phone and how it impacts their emotions and overall well-being.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a deep understanding of the psychological dynamics of nomophobia by exploring the experiences, meanings, perceptions, and beliefs of individuals regarding smartphone use.

Problematic smartphone use and academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The present study aimed to synthesize existing quantitative evidence on the relationship between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and academic achievement with a focus on quantifying its magnitude and examining its potential moderators. Eligible studies were searched for up to February 10, 2023 in six different databases (i.e., MEDLINE, Current Contents Connect, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SciELO, and Dissertations & Theses Global). Studies were considered eligible if they provided information derived from self-report instruments that allowed statistical calculation of the relationship between PSU and academic achievement. Pooled effect sizes (r) were computed using a random-effects model. Meta-regressions were conducted to test the influence of study-level moderators on the relationship of interest. Influence analyses and a three-parameter selection model (3PSM) were conducted to examine the robustness of the results and publication bias, respectively. A total of 33 effect sizes from 29 studies (n = 48,490) were retrieved. Results showed a small effect size (r = -0.110), which tended to be larger in samples consisting of students from elementary and middle schools. Findings from the present study contribute to the understanding of a potential determinant of decreased academic achievement by providing evidence that PSU may be one of them.

Heterogeneous patterns of problematic smartphone use and depressive symptoms among college students: understanding the role of self-compassion

Heterogeneous patterns of problematic smartphone use and depressive symptoms among college students: understanding the role of self-compassion

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Android Menggunakan Smart Apps Creator pada Materi Perbandingan untuk Siswa Kelas VII UPTD SMP Negeri 5 Kupang

The development of the use of Android-based smartphones among the people of Indonesia is used in various fields, including the field of education. One software that can be used to implement Android-based learning is smart apps creator (SAC). Therefore, this study aims to develop android application-based mathematics learning media on class VII UPTD SMP N 5 Kupang comparison material that is valid, practical, and effective. The method used in this study is the Research and Development (R&amp;D) method using the ADDIE model which consists of 5 stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, questionnaires, and learning outcomes tests. Data analysis techniques in this study are qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. The results showed that the application met the eligibility criteria that were valid, practical, and effective in the comparison material. The average total validity of learning media by 3 media and material experts is 4.25 so that android application-based mathematics learning media is included in the valid category, subject teacher responses with an average response result of 4.67, responses from small-scale students are 4.7 and large-scale student responses are 4.45 so that android application-based mathematics learning media is included in the practical category, and the percentage of small-scale learning completeness results obtained 80% included in the effective category and large-scale learning completeness results 88.88% so that mathematics learning media based on android applications that have been developed are included in the very effective category.

Artificial intelligence for nonmelanoma skin cancer

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are among the top five most common cancers globally. NMSC is an area with great potential for novel application of diagnostic tools including artificial intelligence (AI). In this scoping review, we aimed to describe the applications of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of NMSC. Twenty-nine publications described AI applications to dermatopathology including lesion classification and margin assessment. Twenty-five publications discussed AI use in clinical image analysis, showing that algorithms are not superior to dermatologists and may rely on unbalanced, nonrepresentative, and nontransparent training data sets. Sixteen publications described the use of AI in cutaneous surgery for NMSC including use in margin assessment during excisions and Mohs surgery, as well as predicting procedural complexity. Eleven publications discussed spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, thermography, and the AI algorithms that analyze and interpret their data. Ten publications pertained to AI applications for the discovery and use of NMSC biomarkers. Eight publications discussed the use of smartphones and AI, specifically how they enable clinicians and patients to have increased access to instant dermatologic assessments but with varying accuracies. Five publications discussed large language models and NMSC, including how they may facilitate or hinder patient education and medical decision-making. Three publications pertaining to the skin of color and AI for NMSC discussed concerns regarding limited diverse data sets for the training of convolutional neural networks. AI demonstrates tremendous potential to improve diagnosis, patient and clinician education, and management of NMSC. Despite excitement regarding AI, data sets are often not transparently reported, may include low-quality images, and may not include diverse skin types, limiting generalizability. AI may serve as a tool to increase access to dermatology services for patients in rural areas and save health care dollars. These benefits can only be achieved, however, with consideration of potential ethical costs.