Smartphone Addiction Research Articles

The relationship between perceived parental phubbing and smartphone addiction in adolescents

Abstract Background Parental phubbing refers to the degree to which parents reduce or ignore their interactions with their children while taking care of their smartphones. Today, it has become important to conduct studies to understand the effects of parental phubbing on adolescents, which is increasing globally. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between perceived parental phubbing and smartphone addiction as well as depression in adolescents. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 314 adolescents aged 10-18 years who applied to the general pediatrics outpatient clinics of a university hospital in Ankara, the capital of Türkiye, were included. The questionnaire form used for data collection consisted of questions about the sociodemographic information of the participants, ‘Perceived Parental Phubbing Scale’, ‘Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale Short Form’, and ‘Smartphone Addiction Short Form for Adolescents’ items. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyse the data. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Depression and smartphone addiction levels were found to be significantly lower in adolescents who did not smoke, engaged in regular physical activity and had a close group of friends (p < 0.05). It was also found that the level of perceived parental phubbing was significantly higher in adolescents whose parents’ education level was above high school and who felt lonely (p < 0.05). Low level positive correlations was found between perceived parental phubbing and both depression (r = 0.116, p = 0.041) and smartphone addiction (r = 0.128, p = 0.023). Conclusions As the level of parental phubbing perceived by adolescents increased, the levels of depression and smartphone addiction in adolescents increased. These negative effects of parental phubbing on adolescents should be taken into consideration by mental health professionals. Key messages • It is important to consider and question parental phubbing as one of the related factors in adolescents with high levels of smartphone addiction and depression. • There is a need for studies to increase the awareness of parents, who are important role models for adolescents, about the concept of phubbing and its effects on adolescents’ mental health.

Smartphone addiction among medical students in the University of Monastir, Tunisia

Abstract Background Smartphone addiction is a global mental health issue with diverse psychological and socioeconomic concerns. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its associated factors among medical students in the university of Monastir, Tunisia. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among medical students of the faculty of medicine of Monastir in October 2020. The data were collected through a self-administered anonymous questionnaire that included the SAS-SV scale to assess smartphone addiction levels. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. The threshold of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results A total of 626 medical students participated in this study, with an average age of 21.76 ± 3.12 years and a sex ratio of 0.41. The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 30.2% (95% CI: 26.0% - 33.79%). Associated factors with smartphone addiction included academic repetition(OR = 4.30; 95% CI [1.38 - 13.42]), fast food consumption scores (OR = 1.55; 95% CI [1.21 - 2.00]),addiction to the Facebook social network (OR = 6.36; 95% CI [1.92 - 21.07]), cohabitation with colleagues (OR = 2.13; 95% CI [1.03- 4.43]), cohabitation with family members(OR = 2.10; 95% CI [1.01 - 4.36]) and stress level (OR = 1.13; 95% CI [1.07 - 1.18]). Conclusions This study identified associations between smartphone overuse and other behavioral and mental health indicators. Based on these findings, several interventions should be undertaken to address this growing concern. Key messages • The prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students in the University of Monastir was 30.2% (95% CI: 26.0% – 33.79%). • The main associated factors with smartphone addiction were academic repetition, fast food consumption, addiction to Facebook, cohabitation with colleagues and with family members and stress level.

7.N. Round table: Social media & smartphones: Threats to child & adolescent health and public health solutions

Abstract The daily lives of children and adolescents in 2024 are heavily influenced by social media and smartphones, which is unprecedented in previous generations. While this technology offers undoubted benefits, there is strong evidence on the negative effects of social and cognitive development of infants and primary school aged children, and mental health impacts in adolescents including depression, anxiety, sleep disruption, addictive behaviours and self-harm. Internet companies are financially incentivised to maximise screen time of users to generate advertising revenue, and more time spent by young people on these devices in a largely unregulated online domain increases risk of consequences like bullying and harassment, body dysmorphia, gambling addiction, porn addiction, sexual predation and suicide. Comprehensive solutions are urgently needed to regulate the activities of social media and tech companies and support young people to protect themselves from serious harms. Governments have been slow to introduce policies such as smartphone bans or enhanced privacy laws, perhaps because they are perceived as unpopular infringements on the rights of adult users and/or due to a potential detrimental effect on commercial interests. Guidance can be disseminated to young people, schools, families and institutions on how to reduce screen time and smartphone addiction, and improve coping and self-regulation to mitigate these risks. Information campaigns with positive health messages in this area, to compete with the advertising dominance of social media companies, are another opportunity to improve behaviours and reduce adverse health effects. The objectives of this round table workshop are to share examples of strategies, guidance and policies from across Europe, and discuss with the audience how the public health community can collaborate to tackle this problem. Members of the EUPHA Child and Adolescent Public Health (CAPH) section will outline the latest available evidence on the negative impacts of social media and screens, present examples of innovative public health responses and strategies to protect children, and engage conference participants for their input and discussion. Five panellists will present. First, John will start with a quiz of the audience which will include presentation of current data and trends relating to social media and smartphone usage. The second presentation by Cecilia will highlight in detail evidence of both benefits and adverse effects of these technologies in the lives of young people. The third speaker Karin will discuss examples of effective policies to reduce this impact, with a focus on the role of schools. The fourth speaker Jean will give further examples of public health actions, and share recommendations directly from children and young people. The fifth panellist Silja will re-quiz the audience, to gauge the reaction and support of solutions that were covered, and this will lead into the interactive discussion. Key messages • Popularity of smartphones and social media has increased dramatically in recent years, particularly among minors, with significant impacts on mental and physical health. • Public health solutions are urgently needed, and this workshop will share examples of effective innovative responses in European contexts, followed by an interactive audience discussion.

Ban on mobile phones in the classroom: first (positive) effects

Abstract Karin Boode MBA is Strategic Youth Policy Advisor and working at the National Association of Regional Public Health Services Netherlands. Leading on from the presentation on the harms of social media and smartphones, Karin will present examples of policies that have been successful in reducing the health impacts on youngsters. She will focus on the role of schools in addressing this problem, and how public health organisations can effectively disseminate guidance to teachers and parents in limiting screen time and improving self-regulating behaviours of children and adolescents to minimise screen and smartphone addiction. Karin will also explore controversial legislation such as smartphone bans.

Tablet computer-based cognitive training for visuomotor integration in children with developmental delay: a pilot study

BackgroundImpaired visuomotor integration (VMI) is commonly observed in children with developmental delay (DD). This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of tablet computer-based cognitive training on the VMI in children with DD.MethodsThis study included children aged 4 to under 18 years diagnosed with DD. The children participated in a 12-week tablet computer-based visual-spatial and visuomotor training program. They were administered the Mind Rx Kids Program (Brain Academy, Seoul, South Korea). The participants underwent daily 30-min tablet computer-based training for 12 weeks. The primary visuomotor function was measured using the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, 6th Edition (VMI-6). For secondary outcomes, measurements were taken before and after 12-week treatment using the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST), Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale (ARS), and Child Smartphone Addiction Observer Scale. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the pre- and post-treatment outcomes.ResultsTen children with DD participated in this study. The results of the 12-week tablet computer-based cognitive training showed significant improvements in the raw score, standard score, percentile score, and equivalent age of the Beery VMI-6. Additionally, there were significant improvements in QUEST and WeeFIM scores. Although there were improvements in the CARS, ARS, and smartphone addiction observer scale, these were not statistically significant.ConclusionThis pilot study confirmed that applying tablet computer-based cognitive training to children with DD not only improves VMI, but also enhances fine motor skills and activities of daily living. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that tablet computer-based cognitive training does not increase digital media addiction. Therefore, children with DD can engage in tablet computer-based cognitive training at home without concerns about digital media addiction.

The relationship between sleep quality, depression, and smartphone addiction in pregnant women: a mediation analysis

ABSTRACT In recent years, the prevalence of smartphone addiction has significantly increased. This situation has raised concerns about its potential impact on health aspects, such as sleep quality and mental health, particularly among vulnerable populations like pregnant women. This study aimed to identify the factors that determine sleep quality in pregnant women and examine the relationship between smartphone addiction, depression, and sleep quality. This descriptive correlational study included 257 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters who were registered at six family health centers between September 2022 and March 2023. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Form, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Regression and mediation analyses were performed for the data. Of the participants, 44.4 percent had poor sleep quality. Depression and third trimester were significant determinants of sleep quality. The bootstrapping results revealed that smartphone addiction led to an increase in the level of depression (β = 0.145; p < .001). Depression worsened sleep quality (β = 0.262; p < .001). The smartphone addiction did not significantly affect sleep quality (β = 0.020; p = .279). Depression mediates the relationship between sleep quality and smartphone addiction (β = 0.038; 95 percent CI [0.018: 0.062]). The study highlights that while smartphone addiction does not directly impact sleep quality in pregnant women, it is associated with increased depression levels, which subsequently worsen sleep quality. It is recommended that healthcare providers monitor smartphone usage and mental health in pregnant women to mitigate the risk of sleep disturbances and improve overall well-being.

Relationship between internet and smartphone addiction and eating attitude and feelings of loneliness in young and adults

BackgroundThe developing technology and the rapid increase in the use of the internet, smartphones, and mobile applications can disrupt the daily quality of life of individuals. This research aimed to scrutinize the link between the internet and smartphone addiction of individuals, eating attitude, and loneliness status. This research was carried out in Ankara, Turkey, and cross-sectional study. A total of 643 (M = 240, F = 403) volunteers between the ages of 18 and 50 participated in the study. Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), Young Internet Addiction Test (YIAT), Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), and UCLA Loneliness Scales were used in this study.ResultsAs the age of the participants increased, YIAT (r = − 0.352, p < 0.01), SAS scale (r = − 0.302, p < 0.01), and UCLA questionnaire scores (r = − 107, p < 0.01) decreased. When BMI of individuals increas, YIAT (r = − 0.163, p < 0.01), and SAS scale (r = − 0.173, p < 0.01) scores decrease. As a result of logistic regression multiple analysis, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) values for the risk of abnormal eating attitudes were 1.654 (1.166–2.607) in overweight and 2.257 (1.466–3.477) in smartphone addiction (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study, it can be put forth that smartphone and internet addiction is associated with abnormal eating attitude and loneliness.

Smartphone addiction and mental health problems among Vietnamese undergraduate students: the mediating role of sleep quality

This study aims to explore how sleep quality act as a mediator between smartphone addiction and mental health problems among Vietnamese undergraduate students. In this study, self-report questionnaires, including the Smartphone Addiction Scale, Short Version (SAS-SV), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, 21 (DASS-21), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale (PSQI), were filled out by 905 students who had an average age of 19.83 years (SD = 1.30). 561 students, accounting for 62% of all participants do not suffer from smartphone addiction, while 344 students, representing 38.0% of all participants suffer from smartphone addiction. Female students exhibited a higher level of smartphone addiction compared to male students (p < 0.05). This study found a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. The relationship between smartphone addiction and mental health problems (stress, anxiety, and depression) was shown to be mediated by sleep quality. Several research and practice suggestions are provided.

Mobile phone addiction and self-injury in adolescents with MDD: mediation by self-esteem and depression, and the failure of usage restrictions

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested a significant association between mobile phone addiction (MPA) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in general adolescents. However, limited research has analyzed this relationship in clinical populations, such as those with major depressive disorder (MDD), and the potential mediation mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study analyzed data from 2343 adolescents with MDD (77.9% females; mean age = 14.99 years, SD = 1.65). Using mediation models, we explored the roles of self-esteem and depression severity (measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9) in the relationship between MPA and NSSI. Additionally, we evaluated the associations between existing school-implemented mobile phone usage policies and levels of MPA, self-esteem, depression symptoms, and NSSI.ResultsMPA was significantly associated with NSSI, with low self-esteem and increased depression severity almost entirely mediating this effect (log-odds = 0.016, 95%CI = 0.02–0.013). Subdomains of MPA, including inability to control craving, feelings of anxiety, and productivity loss, followed similar mediation models, while the subdomain of withdrawal/escape had a partial effect mediated by depression severity. Additionally, enforced restrictions on mobile phone usage in schools did not show positive effects on related variables and even exacerbated MPA by increasing cravings and reducing productivity.ConclusionOur study suggests that MPA in adolescents with MDD may be an important risk factor for NSSI occurrence, and that reducing the negative impact of mobile phone usage on self-esteem and depressive symptoms, rather than simply restricting usage, may be crucial for effective intervention.

Social Media Usage for Medical Education and Smartphone Addiction Among Medical Students: National Web-Based Survey.

Social media (SoMe) have taken a major place in the medical field, and younger generations are increasingly using them as their primary source to find information. This study aimed to describe the use of SoMe for medical education among French medical students and assess the prevalence of smartphone addiction in this population. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among French medical students (second to sixth year of study). The questionnaire collected information on SoMe use for medical education and professional behavior. Smartphone addiction was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short-Version (SAS-SV) score. A total of 762 medical students responded to the survey. Of these, 762 (100%) were SoMe users, spending a median of 120 (IQR 60-150) minutes per day on SoMe; 656 (86.1%) used SoMe for medical education, with YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook being the most popular platforms. The misuse of SoMe in a professional context was also identified; 27.2% (207/762) of students posted hospital internship content, and 10.8% (82/762) searched for a patient's name on SoMe. Smartphone addiction was prevalent among 29.1% (222/762) of respondents, with a significant correlation between increased SoMe use and SAS-SV score (r=0.39, 95% CI 0.33-0.45; P<.001). Smartphone-addicted students reported a higher impact on study time (211/222, 95% vs 344/540, 63.6%; P<.001) and a greater tendency to share hospital internship content on social networks (78/222, 35.1% vs 129/540, 23.8%; P=.002). Our findings reveal the extensive use of SoMe for medical education among French medical students, alongside a notable prevalence of smartphone addiction. These results highlight the need for medical schools and educators to address the responsible use of SoMe and develop strategies to mitigate the risks associated with excessive use and addiction.

Does parenting style work on gadget addiction? A cross-sectional study among adolescence

Background: The increasing dependence on gadget use among adolescents which has a negative impact on their growth and development, requires increased parental supervision and appropriate parenting patterns. Purpose: This study aims to identify the relationship between smartphones addiction and the characteristics of young people, as well as the parenting styles of both fathers and mothers in Samarinda. Method: The study employs an analytical survey that measures the level of gadget addiction in teenagers and the influencing factors, including demographics, parenting styles, and gadget usage factors such as perception of addiction, usage purpose, and peer influence. The sample criteria include teenagers who own their gadgets, aged 13-19, actively use them for communication and internet access. Resulting in a sample size of 79 adolescents by purposive sampling technique, and using a self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate analysis is used to test the relationship between variables (correlation tests). Result: The correlation table shows that smartphone addiction is strongly correlated with daily life disturbance (r = 0.565, p &lt; 0.01), positive anticipation (r = 0.760, p &lt; 0.01), withdrawal (r = 0.829, p &lt; 0.01), cyberspace relationship (r = 0.727, p &lt; 0.01), overuse (r = 0.742, p &lt; 0.01), and tolerance (r = 0.490, p &lt; 0.01). Among parenting styles, only permissive father (r = 0.282, p &lt; 0.05) and permissive mother (r = 0.298, p &lt; 0.01) show significant positive correlations with smartphone addiction. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between parenting styles, particularly permissive in overall smartphone addiction and democratic styles in aspect of tolerance. It suggests that interventions targeting parenting practices. The clearer, more specific, and targeted restrictions on gadget use are needed, particularly for parents who adopt a permissive parenting style.

Future focus: unlocking self-control and meaning in life to combat smartphone addiction

AbstractExisting literature shows a link between future temporal focus (FTF) and smartphone addiction (SA). However, the precise psychological mechanisms underlying this relationship remain inadequately explored, despite the recognized importance of meaning in life (MIL) and self-control (SC) in influencing the FTF-SA correlation. This study seeks to elucidate the mediating roles of MIL and SC within the FTF-SA relationship. A total of 462 university students (Mage = 19.57, SDage = 1.09) participated in the study, completing scales for FTF, MIL, SC, and SA, which were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Our findings indicate that MIL and SC serve as mediators in the FTF-SA relationship. Specifically, FTF diminishes tendencies towards SA through the serial mediation effect of MIL and SC. These results suggest that incorporating future-oriented perspectives and focusing on the cultivation of MIL and SC are critical components in interventions targeting SA. Moreover, this study offers guidelines for future research aimed at developing addiction therapies and preventive strategies related to MIL and SC.

Perceived stress and life satisfaction: the mediating roles of sport commitment and mobile phone addiction

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction under the influence of mobile phone addiction and sport commitment. Participants were recruited from eight universities located in six Chinese cities, naming Chongqing, Maoming, Nanjing, Suzhou, Shijiazhuang, and Zhengzhou. The sample consisted of 575 participants enrolled in Chinese universities, with 309 (53.7%) being female students. The mediation model was tested under the structural equation modeling framework using Mplus. Results showed that (1) perceived stress had a direct and negative impact on life satisfaction, and it also had indirect effects through the two mediators; (2) perceived stress positively predicted mobile phone addiction, which, in turn, negatively impacted life satisfaction; (3) perceived stress negatively predicted sport commitment, which, in turn, positively impacted life satisfaction. By emphasizing the mediating roles of mobile phone addiction and sport commitment, our findings highlight the importance of addressing these factors in interventions aimed at encouraging college students’ well-being. Implications for intervention design to promoter health among university students should take into account the mediating roles of mobile phone addiction and sport commitment.

Attachment and problematic smartphone use among Indonesian college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a serial mediation model

Attachment and problematic smartphone use among Indonesian college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a serial mediation model

The gaming disorder test and gaming disorder scale for adolescents: translation and validation among Vietnamese young adults

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) and Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) have promising validity and reliability when assessing symptoms of gaming disorder among young adults. However, validity and reliability properties of the two scales have not been established among a Vietnamese population.ObjectiveThe present study translated the GDT and GADIS-A into Vietnamese and examined their factor structures, measurement invariance, convergent validity, concurrent validity, and divergent validity among university students.MethodsA total of 610 young adults (mean age = 21.09 years; 63.4% females) were recruited using convenience sampling and who completed a paper-and-pencil survey between April and June 2023. All participants completed a demographic questionnaire, GDT, GADIS-A, and six standardized scales related to gaming disorder, social media addiction, smartphone addiction, and psychological distress. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency testing, and Pearson’s correlations were performed.ResultsCFA showed that the GDT had a one-factor structure and the GADIS-A had a two-factor structure. The internal consistency was excellent for both scales among this population. Moreover, both GDT and GADIS-A showed convergent, concurrent, and divergent validity with other standardized scales.ConclusionThe Vietnamese versions of the GDT and GADIS-A have good psychometrics, which may be utilized in future research regarding gaming disorder among Vietnamese populations.

Is There a Difference in Pulmonary Functions and Craniovertebral Angle Among Adolescents Based on Their Smartphone Usage Time? A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: People who use smartphones for extended periods run the risk of developing cumulative trauma. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of using smartphones on pulmonary function and craniovertebral angle (CVA) among adolescents and compare addicted and nonaddicted ones. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 71 boys and 57 girls; Participants were categorized into two groups according to their scores on the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) for adolescents. Addicted group (score &gt; 32, n =37 M /27 F) while non-addicted group (score ≤ 32, n = 34 M/30 F). The outcome variables were craniovertebral angle (CVA), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Results: The findings of this study suggest a moderately strong negative relationship between smartphone addiction and CVA, as well as a weak negative association between smartphone addiction and the FEV1/FVC ratio. However, no significant correlations were found between smartphone addiction and FEV1 (r = -0.128, p = 0.149) or FVC (r = -0.019, p = 0.835). Conclusion: using smartphones for a long time had a bad impact on CVA and pulmonary function in adolescents.

Insights from the evaluation of a persuasive intervention for absent-minded smartphone use

ABSTRACT Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is a growing concern that hurts users' daily lives and activities. Previous studies have emphasised the importance of developing mindfulness and self-efficacy concerning smartphone use rather than solely focussing on reducing usage. However, there has been little research developing and evaluating digital interventions specifically targeting absent-minded smartphone use. There is also little knowledge on how best mindfulness practice using digital technologies can be integrated with persuasive designs which have been widely studied and implemented for behaviour change. In this paper, we developed a live wallpaper application for Android lock and home screens as a mindfulness-based intervention for absent-minded smartphone use. The application was evaluated over two weeks with 121 participants. This was followed by a semi-structured interview with 15 participants. The results of our analysis show that the intervention reduced absent-minded smartphone use overall. While participants found the various features (especially the customisation features) of the intervention to be persuasive, we found no correlation between perceived persuasiveness and behaviour change. This work provides valuable insights for advancing human-computer interaction (HCI) research on PSU. Additionally, the results raise important questions for future research, such as the relationship between perceived persuasiveness and behaviour change. Finally, we contribute to the discussion on the applications of mindfulness in persuasive technology, challenges and future research areas.

Path analysis reveals cross-country differences between Czech and Chinese university students in effect of internet and smartphone addiction, mental health, and personality traits on academic achievement in the post-pandemic era

Despite extensive evidence on the impact of various mental health issues including smartphone/internet addiction, and personality traits on academic achievement, little is known about the complex interactions between multiple of these factors simultaneously, as well as cross-country differences in these nuanced relationships. In particular, understanding the role of the mentioned addictions has become increasingly important in recent years in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this cross-country study was to investigate, using path analysis, the complex relationships between mental health determinants (depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, and smartphone/internet addiction) and academic achievement in 1785 Czech and Chinese university students using an online battery of psychological tests. The results confirmed the previously described effect of multiple factors (anxiety, stress, resilience, smartphone/internet addiction, personality traits, and sex, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) on academic achievement, overlapping in most cases for both groups of students. At the same time, however, different country-dependent patterns of interactions emerged. For the Czech students, the variables formed a complex network of interacting factors, whereas for the Chinese students, the effect of each cluster of factors was separate for individual domains of academic achievement. These cross-country differences have implications particularly for planning and targeting the most effective interventions to promote and develop academic achievement.

Incidence of Smartphone Addiction, Poor Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness on Academic Performance of High School Students in Marrakech

Excessive use of smartphones has been associated with both poor sleep quality as well as daytime sleepiness. In the educational context, it is established that these factors often have an impact on the academic performance of students. This cross-sectional study is conducted to assess the impact of sleep quality in relation to the use of smartphones on academic performance among Moroccan high school students in the city of Marrakech. It involves 570 students of both sexes, aged 17 to 20 years. Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire assessing Smartphone Addiction (SA), Sleep Quality (SQ), and excessive Daytime Sleepiness (DS). The results show that smartphone addiction is positively correlated with poor sleep quality (r = 0.445; p = 0.000) and daytime sleepiness (r = 0.482; p = 0.000). In the same vein, academic performance is negatively correlated with smartphone addiction (r = -.144; p &lt; 0.05), poor sleep quality (r = -0.074, p &gt; 0.05), and daytime sleepiness (r = -0.073, p &gt; 0.05). Smartphone addiction has proven to have a negative impact on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and academic performance of high school students. These results call on parents and school health officials to implement awareness campaigns aimed at promoting rational and moderate use of screens and healthy sleep among high school students.

Does Exhaustion Lead to Problematic Smartphone Use or Vice Versa?—A Loss of Control Perspective

Does Exhaustion Lead to Problematic Smartphone Use or Vice Versa?—A Loss of Control Perspective