Smart Library Research Articles

Application of Artificial Intelligence for Library Services: A Systematic Literature Review

Artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizes traditional library services by offering opportunities for effective and quality service delivery through AI-powered systems. Artificial intelligence has the potential to automate many library operations and services to provide 24/7 assistance to library users in meeting their information requirements. Hence, libraries tend to integrate artificial intelligence into their operations and service delivery. This can be further verified by reviewing the current state of knowledge regarding artificial intelligence and libraries. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to find the current status of knowledge regarding the application of artificial intelligence for library services and to investigate the research gaps in the application of artificial intelligence for library services. The study followed the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.The review revealed that extensive research studies were focused on discovering different library services and operations where AI can be utilized to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery, and challenges faced by libraries in using AI tools. The study further recognized areas where studies are lacking which include different AI tools for library service delivery, smart libraries, natural language processing, AI-powered Chatbots, ethical considerations of AI, education and personalized learning, digital library and Distributed Artificial Intelligence, AI for participatory library service, future of libraries in the age of AI, AI Literacy. Hence, the findings provide some implications for future research regarding artificial intelligence and libraries.

Innovative strategies for intelligent services in smart libraries in the information age based on linear discriminant analysis

With the advent of the information age, to provide better services and ensure the security management of libraries, intelligent facial recognition technology has gradually become a hot research direction in library management. Meanwhile, to further improve the comprehensive performance of facial recognition, this study attempts to integrate principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis on the basis of analyzing the framework of recognition technology. Afterwards, it introduced support vector machines for recognition and classification, and proposed a new recognition model. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the proposed model is up to 97 % in the ORL dataset and 94 % in the Yale dataset. The recognition error rate is as low as 0.1 % when the number of training samples is 215 and the number of iterations is 200. The model has the best recognition performance when the image size is 25 × 25 mm and the number of noises is 10. In addition, the model is particularly effective in recognition on single person color or gray images, with the highest P-value of 98.7 %, the highest R-value of 98.8 %, and the highest F1-value of 97.5 %. These results show that the proposed model significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of face recognition, and provides strong technical support for intelligent service innovation in smart libraries.

A bibliometric study on the effects of e-learning technologies on innovative competency development of university librarians and smart library services

Purpose The purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis to discover the published information on the effects of e-learning technologies on innovative competency development of university librarians and smart library services. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on bibliometric research methodology. The data were retrieved from the leading database Web of Science to analyze the scholarly publications on the topic during 1965–2023. VOSviewer and Biblioshiny software were used to analyze the bibliometric data on the subject. Findings Results displayed that the topic of e-learning technologies in the domain of librarianship has been greatly used by several authors as a title to publish their research work. The dominance of countries such as the USA, China and the UK in research output reveals their leadership in advancing research and innovation in the field of e-learning technologies for university libraries. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first bibliometric study that has been conducted to measure the productivity of literature at the international level on the effects of e-learning technologies on innovative competency development of university librarians and smart library services.

Effects of E-learning Technologies on Librarians’ Sustainable Competence Development and Smart Library Services: Empirical Evidence from 244 Universities’ Librarians

Abstract The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of e-learning technologies on librarians’ sustainable competence development and smart library services. This study used a quantitative research design for addressing the objectives. The population consisted of librarians from the public and private sector universities (n = 244) of Pakistan. The data were analyzed by using Smart PLS. E-learning technologies was the independent variable while sustainable competence development and smart library services were dependent variables that further consisted of various constructs and items. A significant impact of e-learning technologies was found on all the sub-constructs of sustainable competence development and smart library services. Findings revealed that e-learning technologies turn librarians into skilled assets and innovative sustainable smart library services are implemented.

Evolving Landscape of Smart Libraries: A Diachronic Analysis of Themes and Trends

ABSTRACT This study uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze 110 articles from the Scopus database (2018–2023). Employing TextBlob for preprocessing and sentiment analysis, and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modeling, the research explores evolving themes in smart library abstracts. Key findings highlight a shift toward user-centricity, technological integration, and emerging concepts like Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Sentiment analysis shows a generally positive outlook for this evolution. The study provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, guiding future innovation and service design in smart libraries.

Assessing smart sustainable library practices in higher education: development and validation of instrument

A smart sustainable library is a new form of a library that blends sustainability and smart libraries with an emphasis on ethics. This study focuses on the need for thorough tools to assess the evolving concept of a smart sustainable library, especially within Malaysian higher education. This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive tool that combines smart library, sustainability practices, and ethical values in libraries. Developed and conducted a pilot study to validate a new instrument designed to assess these intertwined aspects thoroughly. By distributing a survey to 30 librarians from different academic institutions in Malaysia, we used statistical measures such as Cronbach's alpha, omega, and corrected item-total correlation to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument. The results showed a high level of reliability with Cronbach's alpha at 0.929 and Omega at 0.918, suggesting that the instrument has strong internal consistency and could be effective for wider use. Our research indicates that the newly developed instrument effectively captures the complex nature of smart sustainable libraries, demonstrating its potential for future research and practical use in the field. This research significantly contributes to the library science field by offering a validated tool to evaluate smart sustainable library development.

IoT-Enabled Innovative Environment with Efficient Routing for the Digital Library Services to Examine the Behavior of Users

An IoT-enabled innovative environment with efficient routing is proposed for digital library services to analyze user behavior. This conceptual framework leverages the Internet of Things (IoT) to create a smart library ecosystem where connected devices collect and share data in real-time. The emphasis on efficient routing ensures seamless access to digital resources, optimizing the user experience. This study introduces an IoT-enabled innovative environment aimed at optimizing digital library services by examining user behavior, incorporating the Clustered Centered Routing Cryptography Scheme (CCRCS). The proposed framework leverages the Internet of Things (IoT) to create a dynamic ecosystem within digital libraries, facilitating efficient data collection and analysis. By implementing the CCRCS, data transmission is secured through clustered-centered routing, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of user interactions and resource access. Through the IoT infrastructure, libraries can monitor user behavior in real-time, capturing valuable insights into preferences, browsing patterns, and resource utilization. This holistic approach enables libraries to adapt their services to better meet user needs, optimize resource allocation, and enhance the overall user experience. The integration of IoT technologies with robust cryptographic protocols represents a significant advancement in digital library management, offering unparalleled opportunities for data-driven decision-making and personalized service delivery.

Identifying librarians’ readiness to leverage artificial intelligence for sustainable competence development and smart library services: an empirical investigation from universities’ librarians

Purpose This study aims to identify the librarians’ readiness to leverage artificial intelligence for sustainable competence development and smart library services. Design/methodology/approach This study used a quantitative research design for addressing the objectives. The population consisted of librarians from the public and private sector universities of Pakistan. The data were analyzed by using Smart PLS software. Findings The analysis consisted of two major parts: first the assessment of measurement model and second the structural equation modeling analysis. A significant positive impact of AI adoption was found on the implementation smart library services. Findings revealed that behavioral intention motivated librarians to adopt AI tools in university libraries for the delivery of smart library services. Research limitations/implications We applied quantitative method to carry out the study while future authors may conduct a systematic literature review on the same topic for offering a broader outlook. Practical implications It has provided practical contributions by providing a baseline for management bodies to construct policies for the successful adoption of AI in libraries for sustainable competence development of practicing librarians and implementation of smart library services. Social implications The study has social implications too as AI integrated library services prove fruitful for society and digitally skilled librarians play a vital role for the promotion of reading and research culture in society. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on librarians’ readiness to leverage artificial intelligence for the enhancement of digital literacy skills, sustainable competence development and smart library services in the context of Pakistan.

Research on the construction and application of a smart library services maturity evaluation system based on CMM

PurposeSmart libraries are the result of the application of smart technologies in the era of digital intelligence. The establishment and improvement of its service evaluation system serve as indicators for evaluating the growth of smart libraries.Design/methodology/approachThis study introduces and improves the capability maturity model (CMM), creatively constructs a service maturity model specifically designed for smart libraries and combines the Delphi method with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to establish a service maturity evaluation system for smart libraries while calculating indicator weights. Finally, two representative smart libraries are selected as case studies, and an empirical application is conducted using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.FindingsThe empirical study shows that the developed smart libraries service maturity evaluation system holds significant theoretical and practical value in evaluating smart libraries.Originality/valueEnhances the CMM and creatively constructs a service maturity model for smart libraries. Combines the Delphi method with AHP to establish a service maturity evaluation system while calculating indicator weights. Uses a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate two representative smart libraries. Demonstrates that the smart library services maturity evaluation system holds significant theoretical and practical value.

The Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Library and Information Centre

Artificial intelligence has taken over many industries and is seen as a continuation of human intelligence. Artificial intelligence applications in libraries have revolutionized the information industry. Additionally, it has given modern libraries' development fresh life. It is believed that integrating artificial intelligence into library operations will open up new internet resources for libraries. Virtual reality, which engages users with libraries and improves information literacy abilities, is one of the valid innovations that librarians are constantly utilizing to engage and expand services for their patrons. It wouldn't be incorrect to argue that the development of the computer accelerated the process of digitization, much as the discovery of the wheel ushered in the mechanical age of human existence. Humans are the only animals with the innate ability to think for themselves. With the power of independent thought, humans have created a great deal of innovative technologies. One example of them is the development of the computer. The most significant development in computer technology that humans have made with the use of their intelligence is artificial intelligence. The goal of the computer science field of artificial intelligence is to build computers with human-like intelligence. Almost everywhere that computers are used, artificial intelligence is now being deployed. The need for this is growing daily, namely in the areas of science, health, automobiles, engineering, climates, business, pharmaceuticals, and academic libraries. AI must be used in libraries for both technical and library services purposes. The application of AI will expedite and improve the quality of work done in libraries, allowing them to offer a greater number of services with fewer staff members. KEYWORDS: Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Internet of Things, Smart Library.

Smart Library Automation: Integrating Classification Tree-Based cataloging with XAMPP Server Environment

Various sectors, including libraries, have experienced a revolution due to the swift progress of technology. This involves introducing automation and monitoring systems for more efficient operations. Hence the study Smart Library Automation and Monitoring System as an appropriate solution for these technological advancements. The proposed system integrates cutting-edge technologies to create a smart interconnected library ecosystem. Object Oriented Design Methodology was used as the software engineering technique, the proposed system leverages classification tree-based cataloging, a hierarchical organization method that enhances the accessibility and navigability of library collections. JavaScript, PHP, HTML, CSS, and XML technologies are integrated to develop an intuitive and interactive user interface for the library management system, XAMMP was later used as local server environment to utilize the automation. The system boasts various advanced functions, such as automatic lending and returning of books, shelf monitoring, and cataloging for resource accessibility assurance. By integrating these features into a comprehensive library management solution, it enables proficient utilization with intellectuality sustainability on par with the modern digital era standards.

Beyond bookshelves, how 5/6G technology will reshape libraries: Two-stage SEM and SF-AHP analysis

Technology adoption has recently gained more attention due to its significant impact on smart systems' user retention. Many procedures in education, business, and private life are anticipated to evolve and change shortly due to the use of 5/6 technology. This article specifically highlights the significance of deploying 5/6G technology in libraries to allow the development of creative, clever, and improved services backed by new digital technologies. It could start a revolution in smart libraries and change how they are run now. According to our best knowledge, this is the first attempt that enriches our understanding of 5/6G and its adoption intentions in libraries using a combined SF-AHP and PLS path modeling. As per Spherical fuzzy AHP, all variables except social influence were the most important factors predicting adoption intention for 5G- and 6G-based services from experts' point of view. The structural equation modeling (SEM) method showed that all of our conceptual model variables, including perceived performance expectancy, perceived effort expectancy, and perceived attitude towards using 5/6G, positively impacted adoption intention in the library. At the same time, perceived social influence did not affect adoption intention (5/6G). One explanation is that there is still some ambiguity about what “5/6G technologies” entail and the minimal carrying out of the technology we bring into the survey by libraries at this time. Furthermore, we did not account for variations in each librarian's function. It is conceivable that the work spent on such technologies was exaggerated or unclearly by those not directly engaged in their implementation.

Identifying university librarians’ readiness to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) for innovative learning experiences and smart library services: an empirical investigation

Identifying university librarians’ readiness to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) for innovative learning experiences and smart library services: an empirical investigation

Discussion on the Construction of SWPU Smart Library Evaluation Indicator System

With the rapid development of information technology, especially the wide application of artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing and other technologies, the management mode of libraries is also undergoing a profound change. From the traditional management mode based on paper books, it is gradually transformed into a smart library mode characterized by digitization and intelligence. In this context, the construction of SWPU smart library has become an important issue. In order to ensure that the construction of SWPU smart library can keep pace with the times and meet the needs of teachers and students, this paper adopts the Delphi method to construct the evaluation indexes as well as the weights of the indexes, aiming to provide scientific and reasonable guidance for the construction level of SWPU smart library. In this paper, we first determined the evaluation index system of SWPU smart library, including smart technology and facilities, smart resources, smart services and other aspects. Then, we invited experts in the fields of library management and information technology to evaluate these indicators and their weights using the Delphi method. Through several rounds of solicitation and feedback, the experts reached a relatively unanimous opinion on the evaluation indicators and their weights of SWPU's smart libraries. On this basis, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the construction level of SWPU Smart Library and put forward corresponding suggestions for improvement. These suggestions will provide strong support for the future development of SWPU Smart Library so that it can better serve the students and faculty and promote the development of university education.

Research on the Construction of Intelligent Library Micro-services System

With the advancement of the construction of smart libraries in China, grasping the new opportunities of scientific and technological revolution, providing micro-services based on their own resources to meet users' knowledge and information needs has become an important way for libraries to improve their own resource utilization, realize service upgrading and show their own value. Among many cutting-edge technologies, small programs based on micro-services have won the favor of the construction of smart library micro-services because of their characteristics of no download and instant search. However, at present, there are still many problems in smart library micro-services, such as lack of innovation in service content, single application of small program and lack of perfect service system. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to deeply explore and study smart library micro-services.

Research on Library Space Construction and Services under the Background of Smart Library

The rapid development and application of the new generation of digital intelligence technology, as well as the continuous growth of users' personalized needs, promote the continuous innovation and reform of library functions and services. Especially with the rise of the meta-universe, the service mode of traditional library is undergoing innovation and reshaping from document service to information service, knowledge service and space service. As a "constantly growing organism", in the process of accelerating technological upgrading and deepening humanistic concepts, the concept, connotation, characteristics and construction path of smart space also develop and change. This paper mainly studies the transformation of library space construction and service under the background of the development of new generation technology and the construction of smart library, so as to better guide the development of smart space.

Advancement of Smart Academic Libraries in Northern Nigeria: Issues and Way Forward

The 21st century is known as the beginning of the knowledge age; a millennium characterized by leveraging on information to stay ahead using technology. The library occupies a critical place in the quality of information accessed and leveraged on by researchers and students. Academic libraries in Nigeria are not disconnected from this technology-based-information revolution. This study looked at advancement of smart academic libraries in Northern Nigeria: issues and way forward. Its objectives was to determine smart services available, investigate the extent of deployment, examine the underlying issues that hinder effective smart service delivery and proffer strategies for way forward in Northern university public academic libraries in Nigeria. The study adopted a review of documents and literature on smart academic libraries in Nigeria. Five public universities were purposively observed and sampled on their smart library perspective and capacity. Google-Forms-structured questionnaire was used through different online platforms. Simple percentage and frequencies were used in analyzing data collected. Findings showed that there are existing smart library services in the academic libraries of Northern Nigerian public universities but the extent of deployment of smart library services in their academic libraries is low. The research also revealed the numerous issues faced in providing smart services. The study recommended that the institution and library managements of academic libraries in Northern Nigerian public universities step up on ICT policy framework, practical deployment of smart library technologies and training of library staff for improved smart services.

Implementation of Smart Library Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology in Libraries

A library is a collection of information, resources, books, and services, and the structure in which it resides. To improve the quality of service and the efficiency of operation of new technologies is always of interest to librarians. Libraries are at the forefront of successfully implementing RFID technology, reducing the time and staff required for book circulation and simultaneously increasing hourly book transactions. RFID is a new generation technology of Automatic Identification and Data collection that helps to automate library processes and allows the identification of a large number of marked objects such as books, using wave radios. The proposed system is based on RFID readers, supported with antennas in the gate and transaction section, and library cards containing RFID transponders capable of storing information electronically that can be read/written even without physical contact with the help of radio media.

Analysis and Research on Library Management Technology Based on the Integration of Virtual Reality and Management

The library's commitment to being on the forefront of technology, it is able to provide sophisticated services to both its customers and the terminal. Due to the fact that they have access to a greater volume of information, they are in a better position than clients of the centralized digital reading room. In order for learning to be able to satisfy the varied data needs of its constituents, it is required for it to be able to supply knowledge services and carry out its duty of convergence. This is something that can only be done through effective value management that is based on innovative applications of technical solutions. Some of the problems that afflict digital libraries include a lack of forethought and organization, bad software, import constraints on technology, a dearth of experienced staff, a scarcity of standards, and an inability to collaborate with one another. This research proposes employing Eye Movement Technology (EMT) as an automated library administration system in order to assist smart libraries (SLs) in lowering their costs and increasing their output by taking advantage of the opportunities presented by virtual reality. In particular, the purpose of this study is to pave the way for SLs to be able to achieve this aim. Electronic medical technology (EMT) that may be worn on the body is part of the expanding subject of wearable computing, which is a subfield of computer technology. The positions of the eyes' focus sources, visual fields, and gaze vectors are examples of the information that is received from the eyes. The librarians are responsible for monitoring the vast majority of actions that take place inside the library, and this system keeps track of every book that is borrowed from and returned to the collection. As a direct consequence of the recent developments made by EMT-SL, an expanded number of users will soon be able to take advantage of the resources made available by the intelligent library. Users of both conventional virtual reality and augmented reality have the capacity to interact with computer-generated picture models, and both traditional virtual reality and augmented reality have the potential to make individuals visible in a wide range of different environments.

Impact of online learning on university librarians’ professional development and library services: an explanatory investigation from university librarians of Pakistan

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of online learning on university librarians’ professional development and library services. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods study through an explanatory research design was applied to address the study’s objectives. Quantitative data were gathered from 341 librarians working in 221 universities, while qualitative data were gathered from 27 experts working in 21 different universities of Pakistan. Findings The findings of the study revealed that online learning has a significant positive impact on the professional development of university librarians. Results revealed that online learning assists in the provision of sustainable, innovative library services in university libraries. Originality/value The study has offered a model in light of the study's quantitative and qualitative findings. It contributes to theoretical understanding by expanding the existing knowledge base. It offers managerial insights, enabling the development of policies that foster the professional development of library personnel and the implementation of smart library services.