Smart Library Research Articles

Global trends of libraries development: optimism vs pessimism (foreign literature review) Part 1

The dynamic development of the external technological environment, on the one hand, impacts on libraries questioning their future existence, on the other, helps libraries to work more productively, increases competitiveness and efficiency, expands the range of social projects, develops new ways and forms of work with users taking into account their preferences in information and services. The review is based on over 500 articles searched in the world's largest databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, etc.), which discuss trends and future development of libraries. Then the documents were classified according to sections and types of libraries, as well as advanced technologies. Examples of information technologies were collected and reviewed, as well as articles related to the implementation of information technologies when creating new services, with the emphasis on those that may affect libraries in the future. The latest information technologies that can be applied to the next generation library have been studied. The material is structured in blocks and presented in two parts. Thie 1st one presents such sections as: 1) challenges of the external environment and the future of libraries, 2) modern information technologies in libraries development (mobile technologies and applications, cloud computing, big data, internet of things, virtual and augmented reality, technical innovations, etc.), 4) Library 4.0 concept - new directions for libraries development. The 2nd part of the review article (Bibliosphere, 2019, 1) will touch the following issues: 1) user preferences and new library services (software for information literacy development, research data management, web archiving, etc.), 2) libraries as centers of intellectual leisure, communication platforms, places for learning, co-working, renting equipment, creativity, work, scientific experiments and leisure, 3) smart buildings and smart libraries, 4) future optimism. Based on the content analysis of publications, it is concluded that libraries should not only accumulate resources and provide access to them, but renew existing approaches to forms and content of their activities, as well as goals, missions and prospects for their development using various hard- and software, cloud computing technologies, mobile technologies and apps, social networks, etc.

Improving Children’s Experience on a Mobile EdTech Platform through a Recommender System

Smile and Learn is an EdTech digital publisher that offers a smart library of close to 100 educational stories and gaming apps for mobile devices aimed at children aged 2 to 10 and their families. Given the complexity of navigating the content, a recommender system was developed. The system consists of two major components: one that generates content recommendations and another that provides explanations and recommendations relevant to parents and educators. The former was implemented as a hybrid recommender system that combines three kinds of recommendations. Among these, we introduce a collaborative filtering adapted to overcome specific limitations associated with younger users. The approach described in this work was tested on real users of the platform. The experimental results suggest that this recommendation model is suitable to suggest apps to children and increase their engagement in terms of usage time and number of games played.

Cyber physics system: a review

PurposeCyber physical system (CPS) has attracted much attention from industry, government and academia due to its dramatic impact on society, economy and people’s daily lives. Scholars have conducted a number of studies on CPS. However, despite of the dynamic nature of this research area, a systematic and extensive review of recent research on CPS is unavailable. Accordingly, this paper conducts an intensive literature review on CPS and presents an overview of existing research on CPS. The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges of studying CPS as well as the directions for future studies on CPS.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines existing literatures about CPS from 2006 to 2018 in Compendex, presenting its definition, architectures, characteristics and applications.FindingsThis study finds that CPS is closely integrated, diversified and large-scale network with complex multiple time scales. It requires dynamic reorganization/reconfiguration, mass computing, and closed, automated and control circuits. Currently, CPS has been applied in smart manufacturing, medical systems, smart city and smart libraries. The main challenges in designing CPS are to develop, to modify, to integrate abstractions and to set predictable timing of openness and physical interconnection of physical devices. Furthermore, security is a key issue in CPS.Originality/valueThis study adds knowledge to the existing literature of CPS by answering what the current level of development on CPS is and what the potential future research directions of CPS are.

Emerging scenarios of data infrastructure and novel concepts of digital libraries in intelligent infrastructure for human-centred communities: A qualitative research

This research investigated the strategic development of a large-scale transdisciplinary area, named intelligent infrastructure for human-centred communities, at Virginia Tech. Within such development, this study explored the future vision and anticipated scenarios of data infrastructure and digital libraries for smart community development. It draws upon the mixed-methods approach combining ethnographic participant observation, document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Grounded in socio-technical framework and rooted in empirical methods, this research produces results that augment design thinking and visioning practice for digital data libraries beyond traditional boundaries. The findings reveal the emerging scenarios around complex adaptive systems, intelligent data infrastructure and future digital libraries all in the context of building infrastructure for human-centred communities. Situated in this advancing reality, the results further discuss the next-generation data and information user experience, smart infrastructure data environment and future library capabilities. The article concludes that a smart library system, whether in its conceptual form of a ‘digital octopus’ or a ‘smart village data hub’ or an ‘intelligent virtual assistant’, will provide intelligence in data gathering, processing, summarising, communication and recommendations. By delivering unified and personalised data solutions, it will offer an end-to-end seamless experience for users throughout their journey of knowledge pursuit.

Smart Libraries

Can the smart city provide a new perspective for public and academic libraries? How does the smart city impact the libraries as cultural and scientific assets? And how can libraries contribute to the development of the smart city? An overview of recent library models, like the learning center or the green library, reveals affinities with the concept of the smart city, especially regarding the central role of information and the integration of technology, people, and institutions. From this observation, the paper develops the outline of a new concept of the smart library, which can be described in four dimensions, i.e., smart services, smart people, smart place, and smart governance. However, the smart library concept does not constitute a unique model or project, but a process, a way of how to get things done, that is less linear, less structured, and more creative and innovative. Also, smartness may not be a solution for all library problems.

How to make the library smart? The conceptualization of the smart library

PurposeThis paper aims to clearly conceptualize the idea of the smart library and propose a holistic approach to building smart libraries, in accordance with recent practices and state-of-the-art technologies.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on an extensive review of existing literature and practice about library construction, this paper distinguishes between similar types of smart library and divides the concepts associated with smart library building into three dimensions: technology, service and human.FindingsTraditional libraries can transform to smart libraries by strategic design and implementation of advanced technologies, such as cloud computing, data mining and artificial intelligence, but they also need to consider service building, user cultivation and librarian training.Originality/valueAligning to the three main dimensions of smart libraries (technology, service and human), this study clarifies the concept of the smart library and offers strategic principles: integration of infrastructures, construction of service and human learning. It provides guidelines and directions for public and academic libraries committed to becoming smart libraries.

The application of CPS in library management: a survey

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the current state research of cyber-physical system (CPS) and its application in libraries. CPS is a kind of large-scale and networked system that consists of physical and cyber elements and is currently of interest in academia, industry and government. In this survey, the definitions, theoretical foundation and basic applications of CPS are systematically reviewed. In addition, the development of library and current research of CPS application in library management are presented. The vision and challenge of smart library are also discussed.Design/methodology/approachBy retrieving the main scholarly databases, the literature of CPS and its application in libraries were examined.FindingsThis study shows that a lot of CPS technology applications are still in initial stage, and explores CPS potential impacts on libraries.Originality/valueThe application of CPS in library management has not been paid much attention, this study provides a prospective for the application of CPS in libraries.

RFID BASED SMART LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) means a system that transfers the information wirelessly, using radio frequency waves. It is automatic identification technology. This project is about RFID based Smart Library Management System (SLMS) that allows fast transaction flow and will make easy to handle the activities like issue and return of books from the library without much manual intervention. This system is based on RFID readers and passive RFID tags that are able to store the information electronically which can be read by the RFID readers. The books are kept in library attached with RFID tags/cards. The benefit of this project exceeds the development of a smart world in a smart way as inventory management becomes much easier, as well as all the books and magazines can be read by the RFID reader rather than scanned manually by the customer. Issuing and returning the books makes the information of the sameto get stored in the cloud. This system will make users to issue and return of books via RFID tags very easy and also calculate the corresponding fine associated with the period of time the absence of the book from the library.

The smart library project

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the phenomenon of smart libraries, which began in the 2000s, alongside the development of computer technology, digital storage the internet and human–computer interactions. The smart library is a system of library and information services developed to support research and training activity. This paper describes the need to introduce innovative library and information services at universities through users’ personal accounts.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of more than 200 publications mainly written by foreign scientists was conducted, given the dearth of Russian literature on the smart library and its services. The analysis revealed that in Western countries, the term smart library represents a wide range of meanings – from the understanding that it is a typical type of networking to assumptions about the total services provided by libraries in an urban environment.FindingsThe paper presents a review of both classical library services and those that are focused on the needs of modern education and science.Research limitations/implicationsThe research results may be the best limited to university libraries.Practical implicationsThe research results have practical use in the Library and Publishing Complex of the Siberian Federal University. Consequently, a new library information environment has been developed and integrated into the university’s information space.Social implicationsThe research results have social use in Siberian Federal University. The personal account can be regarded as a functioning system of interaction and information exchange among the automated systems of the Library and Publishing Complex, automated learning management system and integrated educational environment.Originality/valueThis paper presents a certain set of technical solutions and some services available through personal accounts.

HotSpot Wizard 3.0: web server for automated design of mutations and smart libraries based on sequence input information.

HotSpot Wizard is a web server used for the automated identification of hotspots in semi-rational protein design to give improved protein stability, catalytic activity, substrate specificity and enantioselectivity. Since there are three orders of magnitude fewer protein structures than sequences in bioinformatic databases, the major limitation to the usability of previous versions was the requirement for the protein structure to be a compulsory input for the calculation. HotSpot Wizard 3.0 now accepts the protein sequence as input data. The protein structure for the query sequence is obtained either from eight repositories of homology models or is modeled using Modeller and I-Tasser. The quality of the models is then evaluated using three quality assessment tools—WHAT_CHECK, PROCHECK and MolProbity. During follow-up analyses, the system automatically warns the users whenever they attempt to redesign poorly predicted parts of their homology models. The second main limitation of HotSpot Wizard’s predictions is that it identifies suitable positions for mutagenesis, but does not provide any reliable advice on particular substitutions. A new module for the estimation of thermodynamic stabilities using the Rosetta and FoldX suites has been introduced which prevents destabilizing mutations among pre-selected variants entering experimental testing. HotSpot Wizard is freely available at http://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/hotspotwizard.

A bibliometric perspective of learning analytics research landscape

ABSTRACTLearning analytics is an emerging field of research, motivated by the wide spectrum of the available educational information that can be analysed to provide a data-driven decision about various learning problems. This study intends to examine the research landscape of learning analytics to deliver a comprehensive understanding of the research activities in this multidisciplinary field, using scientific literature from the Scopus database. An array of state-of-the-art bibliometric indices is deployed on 2811 procured publication datasets: publication counts, citation counts, co-authorship patterns, citation networks and term co-occurrence. The results indicate that the field of learning analytics appears to have been instantiated around 2011; thus, before this time period no significant research activity can be observed. The temporal evolution indicates that the terms ‘students’, ‘teachers’, ‘higher education institutions’ and ‘learning process’ appear to be the major components of the field. More recent trends in the field are the tools that tap into Big Data analytics and data mining techniques for more rational data-driven decision-making services. A future direction research depicts a need to integrate learning analytics research with multidisciplinary smart education and smart library services. The vision towards smart city research requires a meta-level of smart learning analytics value integration and policy-making.

A Big Data smart library recommender system for an educational institution

PurposeWith the exponential growth of the amount of data, the most sophisticated systems of traditional libraries are not able to fulfill the demands of modern business and user needs. The purpose of this paper is to present the possibility of creating a Big Data smart library as an integral and enhanced part of the educational system that will improve user service and increase motivation in the continuous learning process through content-aware recommendations.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents an approach to the design of a Big Data system for collecting, analyzing, processing and visualizing data from different sources to a smart library specifically suitable for application in educational institutions.FindingsAs an integrated recommender system of the educational institution, the practical application of Big Data smart library meets the user needs and assists in finding personalized content from several sources, resulting in economic benefits for the institution and user long-term satisfaction.Social implicationsThe need for continuous education alters business processes in libraries with requirements to adopt new technologies, business demands, and interactions with users. To be able to engage in a new era of business in the Big Data environment, librarians need to modernize their infrastructure for data collection, data analysis, and data visualization.Originality/valueA unique value of this paper is its perspective of the implementation of a Big Data solution for smart libraries as a part of a continuous learning process, with the aim to improve the results of library operations by integrating traditional systems with Big Data technology. The paper presents a Big Data smart library system that has the potential to create new values and data-driven decisions by incorporating multiple sources of differential data.

Scientific Library of Siberian Federal University: Results, objective and landmarks

The authors discuss the experience of the Science Library of the Siberian Federal University established through the merge of the four Krasnoyarsk higher institutions: the University, Technological University, the University of the Non-ferrous Metals and Gold, the Academy of Architecture and Construction. The history of the SFU Science Library, its main stages, the key current and prospective vectors are discussed. The authors characterize the SFU SL’s collections comprising the collections of the above mentioned institutions plus that of Krasnoyarsk State Institute of Commerce and Economics, merged later; they also characterize the Library’s users and user services. The Library’s innovative projects are presented, among them “The Siberian Federal University E-library as the information and education infrastructure of the innovative higher education institution”, the winner of the first All-Russia Library Innovations Contest, which made SFU SL one of the best Russian university libraries. The authors also discuss the Library’s projects Smart Library and Publication Activity Support Service . The SFU SL heads the Russian Library Association’s Section of higher education institutions. It is a member of the National Library Association “Libraries of the Future” and other associations; it takes part in professional contests sponsored by the RF Ministry of Education and Science and the Russian Foundation of Basic Research which enables to update and continuously optimize its activities.

To the Final Goal: Can We Predict and Suggest Mutations for Protein to Develop Desired Phenotype?

Directed evolution of proteins is a good approach to develop desired phenotypes from existing proteins. Fully experimental protein evolution usually utilizes randomization of a given protein sequence by error-prone PCR or gene shuffling followed by high-throughput selection or timeconsuming screening method. However, these random methods create mutant library full of deleterious mutations. In addition, they need high-throughput screening or selection method to search for positive clones from an enormous size of mutant library. Construction of a mutant library while retaining the original function is important for efficient protein evolution because it greatly reduces time and effort for the identification of positive mutants. Therefore, researchers have tried to reduce the size of mutant library by minimizing the occurrence of deleterious mutants. Such efforts have led to the creation of a concept of ‘small but smart library’. For this goal, neutral drift theory has been applied. Although smart library greatly reduces the library size, it is still the beyond the capacity of low-throughput assay. In parallel, computational analysis of protein structure and efforts to discriminate mutatable residues from all residues of a given protein have been consistently pursued. Accumulated knowledge of protein evolution through random mutation and selection has improved our understanding of functions of amino acids in protein structure. Protein evolution by rational design is being developed based on such understanding. In this review, we describe how the use of semi-rationally designed library rather than completely random one has impacted the overall procedure of directed evolution. We also describe efforts made to evaluate the effect of single mutation. Such efforts will bring lazy boys to the final goal - computational mutation suggestion system.

Smart Library and Smart Campus

The consequence of digitalization, Internet proliferation, and technology advancement, our way of teaching and learning has been changing. The role of library has to be converted into a place for discourse, peer collaboration, social learning, and exhibition concourse. Some scholars believed that the future Library is tied to the technological development of Web4.0 which is characterized by the terminology of Convergence, Remixability, Standardization, Participation, Usability, Economy, and Design. This concept has been extended to Campus. Some universities have started to adopt the latest technology to convert their Campus and Library into Smart ones for the interests of students. The findings of this paper support that the latest development of Smart Campus and library aligns with the new trend of education system, and creates positive impact on the competitiveness of a city. The applications in Smart Camus and Library in reality are also revealed.

UHF RFID label nanometer printing technology and its application in smart libraries

UHF RFID label nanometer printing technology and its application in smart libraries

Smart libraries for smart cities: a historic opportunity for quality public libraries in India

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study globally successful public library systems with reference to their infrastructure, physical space, services, collection, processes, finances and best practices and recommend models, structure and minimum standards for smart public libraries of the upcoming 100 smart cities of India.Design/methodology/approachAn email with 14 questions was sent to 50 public library system across the world. A sample of n = 18 responses were received.FindingsThe finding suggests that all the libraries have a central library and a good network of branch libraries across respective cities with adequate staff and collection to cater to the needs of the public. The size of the central library varied from 8,000 m2 (Cologne Public Library) – 86,000 m2 (Boston public library) and average size of the branch library varied from 200 m2 (Aarhaus) – 1,582 m2 (Barcelona). Monthly average users varied from 96,000 (Moscow) – 1.5 million (Toronto).Social implicationsThe Indian public library system remains uneven throughout the country with varying levels of legislation, financing and quality of library services. Even a room with few books is considered as a library. The results of this study will help develop a quality public library system of global standard and ensure that libraries are transformed into knowledge hubs.Originality/valueThis study is a unique exploration in which different types of libraries are defined in terms of physical space, service, staff, collection based on a global model which ensures uniform growth and development of public library systems in upcoming smart cities of India.

Bistacrines as potential antitrypanosomal agents

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by two subspecies of the genus Trypanosoma, namely Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. The disease is fatal if left untreated and therapy is limited due to only five non-adequate drugs currently available. In preliminary studies, dimeric tacrine derivatives were found to inhibit parasite growth with IC50-values in the nanomolar concentration range. This prompted the synthesis of a small, but smart library of monomeric and dimeric tacrine-type compounds and their evaluation of antiprotozoal activity. Rhodesain, a lysosomal cathepsin-L like cysteine protease of T. brucei rhodesiense is essential for parasite survival and likely target of the tacrine derivatives. In addition, the inhibition of trypanothione reductase by bistacrines was found. This flavoprotein oxidoreductase is the main defense against oxidative stress in the thiol redox system unique for protozoa.

Sustained oligoclonal T cell expansion correlates with durable response to anti-PD1 therapy.

3061 Background: Immune checkpoint blockers have demonstrated durable response in many tumor types including lung cancer. This clinical benefit is however restricted to a subset of patients in whom longitudinal assessments of their tumor microenvironment have revealed increase CD8+ T cell infiltration. However detailed characterization of this T cell dynamics at clonal levels in a large population of patients is yet to be reported. Such analyses will provide vital insight into the mechanism of tumor eradication in responders. Methods: We performed next-generation sequencing of T cell receptor β chain in longitudinal tumor and peripheral blood samples obtained from lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapies. We first extracted RNA from these samples and synthesized cDNA with 5’RACE adapter using SMART library construction kit (Clontech). We then amplified TCR β gene products to prepare sequence libraries which were analyzed with MiSeq system (Illumina). Results: Here we report on TCR receptor β chain sequencing data for 29 patients in whom we had 3 or more serial samples. Thirteen (45%) of the selected patients in this cohort had durable response and seven (24%) had radiological complete response. We confirmed that there is concordance between the expanded T cell clone at tumor site and the peripheral blood. In one responder, we found expansion of a dominant T cell clone (20%) at a metastatic site where he had pathological complete response on day 17 of treatment and the same clone remained persistent in his peripheral blood (24%) at week 48 of therapy. Similarly in other responders, there were T cell clonal expansions detected as early as week 2 after only one cycle of treatment and such clones remained at high frequencies several months afterwards. Such pattern of early and sustained clonal expansions were absent among non-responders even while they remained on therapy. Conclusions: We found durable response to immune checkpoint blockade to correlate with early and sustained expansion of one to two dominant T cell clones in this selected patient cohort.

Ugi Reaction-Derived α-Acyl Aminocarboxamides Bind to Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Related Kinases, Inhibit HSF1-Dependent Heat Shock Response, and Induce Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells.

Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) has been identified as a therapeutic target for pharmacological treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). However, direct therapeutic targeting of HSF1 function seems to be difficult due to the shortage of clinically suitable pharmacological inhibitors. We utilized the Ugi multicomponent reaction to create a small but smart library of α-acyl aminocarboxamides and evaluated their ability to suppress heat shock response (HSR) in MM cells. Using the INA-6 cell line as the MM model and the strictly HSF1-dependent HSP72 induction as a HSR model, we identified potential HSF1 inhibitors. Mass spectrometry-based affinity capture experiments with biotin-linked derivatives revealed a number of target proteins and complexes, which exhibit an armadillo domain. Also, four members of the tumor-promoting and HSF1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family were identified. The antitumor activity was evaluated, showing that treatment with the anti-HSF1 compounds strongly induced apoptotic cell death in MM cells.