Smart Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Articles

Cox Regressive Outlier Robust Incremental Extreme Learning Machine based IoT aware Smart Car Parking and Route Optimization for Intelligent Transportation

An Intelligent Transport System (ITS) is a wide-ranging framework that influences advanced technologies to improve efficiency of transportation networks. An ITS integrated with an IoT enhances the capabilities of transportation networks. Owing to quick development of vehicles, traffic congestion during road network is major problems. Therefore, intelligent traffic control system is required to create smart transportation through optimization of vehicle route, and so on. In this paper, Cox Regressive Fuzzified Outlier Robust Incremental Extreme Learning Machine (CRFORIELM) is developed for smart ITS. The IoT technology in IT’S is used to collect traffic data, vehicle information, Parking slot occupancy data. After data collection process, proposed CRFORIELM technique includes two major processing steps namely parking slot availability detection and traffic aware route optimization. The extreme learning machine includes three types of layers such as input, three hidden layers as well as output layer. Initial hidden layer predicts the parking slot availability using Cox regression is performed. With the parking lot availability predictions, integrate this information into a route optimization algorithm. This algorithm considers the real-time traffic conditions as well as parking availability for detecting optimal route by applying fuzzy triangular membership function in the second hidden layer. Finally, nearest route path is effectively determined to minimize travel time in intelligent transport system. Experimental analysis indicates that the CRFORIELM technique achieved 2%, 5%, 10% improvement in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and reduced error rates, route detection time by 39%, and 36%, compared to existing methods.

Lightweight Cryptography based Communication Model for Device Identification, Mutual Authentication, and Encryption in a Smart City Environment

Providing security to smart city networks is one of the challenging and demanding tasks in the present days, due to its increased utilization in smart intelligent transportation systems. For this purpose, there are various security protocols and mechanisms that have been developed in the existing works, which targets to establish the reliable and secured communication in smart city networks. However, it limits the major issues of increased computational cost, communication cost, storage overhead, and reduced efficiency. In order to solve these problems, the proposed work intends to design an intelligent security framework by using the Light-weight Cryptography based Communication Model (LCCM). Proposed framework includes the modules of setup initialization, vehicle registration, authentication, key generation, encryption, and decryption. Here, the Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications are performed with reduced cost complexity. For guaranteeing the security of networks, the random value-based key generation, data encryption, and decryption processes are performed. During the performance analysis, various evaluation measures have been used to assess the results of both convention and proposed security protocols. This paper presented a new methodology named as, LCCM for enhancing the security of smart city transportation networks.

Smart Cities and Intelligent Transport Systems

The integration of technology into cities and transportation networks has the potential to improve the quality of life for residents, reduce congestion and pollution, and increase the overall efficiency of urban cities and their transportation system. Smart cities use technology to improve the efficiency and sustainability of urban areas. This can include things like smart lighting, the internet of things (IoT), energy management, artificial intelligence and smart transportation systems. An intelligent transport system is a component of a smart city that uses technology, to improve the efficiency and safety of the transportation network. This can include things like traffic management systems, real-time passenger information, and intelligent traffic signals. Together all smart cities and ITS can help to reduce congestion, improve air quality, and make cities more liable to residents. Intelligent transport systems (ITS) can revolutionise the way people commute in metro cities. ITS offer a wide range of approaches to providing multiple transportation types, advanced infrastructure, and traffic mobility management solutions. It uses several electronics, wireless and communication technologies to provide consumers with access to a smarter, safer, and fast way to travel around the city

Reliable and Efficient Routing Mechanisms for Vehicular ad-hoc Network

In order to provide stable connections among nodes, a routing protocol is necessary in VANET system. Dynamic topology and frequent disconnection makes difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for VANET to route information among nodes. The survey of routing protocols in VANET system helps in understanding the concepts of smart intelligent transport system (ITS). It is observed that carry-and-forward is the key consideration and main function of an efficient routing protocol in VANET system. This paper explains various routing protocols for VANET system.

An environmental channel throughput and radio propagation modeling for vehicle-to-vehicle communication

Developing a secure and smart intelligent transport system for both safety and non-safety application services requires a certain guarantee of network performance, especially in terms of throughput and packet collision performance. The vehicular ad hoc network propagation is strongly affected due to varying nature of the environment. The existing radio propagation path loss models are designed by using mean additional attenuation sophisticated fading models. However, these models do not consider the obstacle caused due to the obstacle of the vehicle in line of sight of the transmitting and receiving vehicle. Thus, the attenuation signal at the receiving vehicles/devices is affected. To address this issue, we present an obstacle-based radio propagation model that considers the effect caused due to the presence of obstructing vehicle in line of sight. This model is evaluated under different environmental conditions (i.e. city, highway, and rural) by varying the speed of vehicles and vehicles’ density. The performance of the model is evaluated in terms of throughput, collision, transmission efficiency, and packet delivery ratio. The overall result shows that the proposed obstacle-based throughput model is efficient considering varied speed and density. For instance, in the city environment, the model achieves an average improvement of 9.98% and 25.02% for throughput performance over other environments by varying the speed and density of devices respectively and an improvement of 15.04% for packet delivery ratio performance over other environments considering varied speed of devices.

An Efficent Distributed Medium Access Control for V2I VANET

<p>Provisioning smart intelligent transport for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) depends on dissemination of safety-related messages. The performance of VANET are highly affected due vehicle density, mobility and environmental condition. Recently several research has been under development, the design of a rapid, flexible, efficient and reliable medium access control (MAC) which address the precise constraint of smart intelligent transport system in the highly dynamic VANET environment. Extensive survey carried out in this work shows TDMA (Time division medium access) based MAC approach outperform carrier sense medium access/ collision avoidance CSMA\CA based approach. However, TDMA based approach incurs bandwidth wastages. To utilize bandwidth more efficiently cognitive radio (CR) technique is adopted for designing efficient MAC. However, the existing CR model incurs computation overhead and is not evaluated under different environmental condition such as rural, highway and urban (RHU). To overcome research challenges, this work present efficient decentralized distributed MAC (DMAC) that minimize collision and maximize throughput. Experiment are conducted to evaluate the performance of DMAC over state-of-art model in terms of throughput, success transmission and collision achieved. The outcome shows significant performance over state-of-model.</p>

Smart ITS Sensor for the Transportation Planning Based on IoT Approaches Using Serverless and Microservices Architecture

Currently, there are many challenges in the transportation scope that researchers are attempting to resolve, and one of them is transportation planning. The main contribution of this paper is the design and implementation of an ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) smart sensor prototype that incorporates and combines the Internet of Things (IoT) approaches using the Serverless and Microservice Architecture, to help the transportation planning for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems. The ITS smart sensor prototype can detect several Bluetooth signals of several devices (e.g., from mobile phones) that people use while travelling by the BRT system (e.g., in Bogota city). From that information, the ITS smart-sensor prototype can create an O/D (origin/destiny) matrix for several BRT routes, and this information can be used by the Administrator Authorities (AA) to produce a suitable transportation planning for the BRT systems. In addition, this information can be used by the center of traffic management and the AA from ITS cloud services using the Serverless and Microservice architecture.

Selective MAC for Obstacle Aware CEV Environmental Model for V2V

<p><span style="font-size: small;">Vehicular adhoc network (VANET) adopts or resembles a similar structure of Mobile adhoc network (MANET).</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;">The communication in VANET are generally classified into following three categories such as Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Hybrid network which is a combination of V2V and V2I network. VANET using the IEEE 802.11p standard has great potential of achieving objectives of Smart intelligent transport system (SITS) for improving transport and road safety efficiency. As more and more services is been provided for V2V based VANET network. It is a challenging task to provide QoS to end user, due to wireless medium that has limited channel availability for transmission. To guarantee QoS and provide efficient network performance, a prioritized MAC need to be designed. Many priority based MAC has been designed in recent times to improve the quality of data delivery to end user. However these do not consider the impact of environment and presence of obstacle which affects the signal attenuation at the receiver end and affecting the QoS of channel availability. To address, this work present an obstacle based radio propagation model, obstacle based CEV (City, Expressway and Village) environmental model and a selective MAC to provide QoS for different services. The proposed model efficiency is evaluated in term of throughput achieved per channel, Collison and success packet transmission. To evaluate the adaptive performance of proposed AMACexperiment are conducted under CEV environment and are compared with existing MAC NCCMA. The outcome achieved shows that the proposed model is efficient in term of reducing Collison, improving packet transmission and throughput performance considering two types of services.</span></p>

An Efficient Environmental Channel Modelling in 802.11p MAC Protocol for V2I

<p>Recent development in communication of wireless communication for automobile industry have aided the growth of SITS (Smart Intelligent Transport System) which solves numerous vehicular based communication service concerns like traffic congestion, accidental mishap etc. VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) a characteristic class of MANET (Mobile ad-hoc Network) which is a fundamental element of SITS in which the moving vehicles inter connected and communicates with each other remotely. Wireless technologies play an important part in assisting both Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) correspondence in VANET. The existing scheduling technique does not consider the environmental factor which affects the throughput performance and increases packet drop rate which result in degradation of service quality. Here in this work the author propose a RHU (Rural, Highway and Urban) environment model considering the environmental factor. The efficient environmental model algorithm is incorporated into slotted aloha in IEEE 802.11p MAC protocols which aided as a spine for assisting both safety application and non-Safety applications. Experiments are conducted for collision and throughput efficiency for varied traffic load and speed of vehicle. The experimental result shows the proposed environmental model impact on collision and throughput efficiency for varied environment and thus helps improving QoS for VANET application.</p>

Defining a convergence network platform framework for smart grid and intelligent transport systems

The challenges faced by electricity grids suggest smart grids will have to coordinate its operation with other important initiatives in areas such as transportation. The smart grid relies on the use of network platforms where meter readings and data can be transmitted. On the other hand, concerning transportation systems the need to achieve a reduction of road congestion and traffic accidents among the increasing use of electric vehicles has consolidated the importance of ITS (intelligent transport systems). Given the magnitude of the challenges faced by both the smart grid and ITS, the aim of this work is to identify the elements comprising a convergence platform capable of supporting future services for data traffic associated to smart grid operations as well as ITS-related commercial service applications and road traffic safety messaging. A seaport terminal scenario is used to present a convergence network platform incorporating WSN (wireless sensor network) theory. The results of the simulation of the proposed network confirms the suitability of WSN to be used in the transmission of data traffic associated to meter readings which is required for effective energy consumption and management policies in industrial environments comprising equipment with high energy demands.

Comparative Study of Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs)

VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks) is a network where each node represents a vehicle equipped with wireless communication technology. Vehicular networks are emergent technologies that deserve attention of industries and academics institution. They are a subset of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, which provides a distinguished approach for intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). The comparison study of routing Protocols in VANET is an important and crucial for developing smart ITS. This paper present different types of routing protocols, based on different studies, discuss the main differences and application of them. The paper contain a recapitulative comparing tabular of different types and routing protocols and conclude with a Taxonomy of various routing protocols in VANET.

Survey of Various Protocols in Geographical Based Routing in Vehicular Adhoc Networks

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), is a promising approach for the intelligent transportation system (ITS). The design of routing protocols in VANETs is important and necessary issue for support the smart ITS. The key difference of VANET and MANET is the special mobility pattern and rapidly changeable topology. It is not effectively applied the existing routing protocols of MANETs into VANETs VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a new technology which has taken enormous attention in the recent years. Due to rapid topology changing and frequent disconnection makes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data among vehicles, called V2V or vehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to road side infrastructure, called V2I. The existing routing protocols for VANET are not efficient to meet every traffic scenarios. Thus design of an efficient routing protocol has taken significant attention. So, it is very necessary to identify the pros and cons of routing protocols which can be used for further improvement or development of any new routing protocol. The easiest way to classify the geographic routing protocolsis by type of routing (Unicast, Broadcast or Geocast). Other way to classify them is by the use that the protocol gives to the position information (Packet forwarding, Route Selection, Cluster formation, Formation of cells, Classify Forwarding Group, or RouteRequest Forwarding). For this survey we will use the type of routing classification and in each protocol we’ll talk about how the protocol uses the geographic information.

스마트한 지능형 교통체계 구축을 위한 ITS 관련법령 정비에 관한 연구

In Korea, it is constructing the Intelligent Transportation System(ITS) in according with the ITS project implementation guideline and each ITS standard on the basis of National Integrated Transportation System Efficiency Act. However, only a few ITS project implementation guideline and ITS standard for the exchange of information technologies are not able to construct a smart ITS, without technical regulation for the technical characteristics of the main ITS equipment. Therefore, in this paper, we identify the current status and problems of the legal system and look for the necessity of technical regulation enactment for the smart ITS construction.

Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey and Future Perspectives

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), is a promising approach for the intelligent transportation system (ITS). The design of routing protocols in VANETs is important and necessary issue for support the smart ITS. The key difference of VANET and MANET is the special mobility pattern and rapidly changeable topology. It is not effectively applied the existing routing protocols of MANETs into VANETs. In this investigation, we mainly survey new routing results in VANET. We introduce unicast protocol, multicast protocol, geocast protocol, mobicast protocol, and broadcast protocol. It is observed that carry-and-forward is the new and key consideration for designing all routing protocols in VANETs. With the consideration of multi-hop forwarding and carry-and-forward techniques, min-delay and delay-bounded routing protocols for VANETs are discussed in VANETs. Besides, the temporary network fragmentation problem and the broadcast storm problem are further considered for designing routing protocols in VANETs. The temporary network fragmentation problem caused by rapidly changeable topology influence on the performance of data transmissions. The broadcast storm problem seriously affects the successful rate of message delivery in VANETs. The key challenge is to overcome these problems to provide routing protocols with the low communication delay, the low communication overhead, and the low time complexity. The challenges and perspectives of routing protocols for VANETs are finally discussed.