Development Of Smart Home Research Articles

A Stabilized Feedback Episodic Memory (SF-EM) and Home Service Provision Framework for Robot and IoT Collaboration.

The automated home referred to as Smart Home is expected to offer fully customized services to its residents, reducing the amount of home labor, thus improving human beings' welfare. Service robots and Internet of Things (IoT) play the key roles in the development of Smart Home. The service provision with these two main components in a Smart Home environment requires: 1) learning and reasoning algorithms and 2) the integration of robot and IoT systems. Conventional computational intelligence-based learning and reasoning algorithms do not successfully manage dynamic changes in the Smart Home data, and the simple integrations fail to fully draw the synergies from the collaboration of the two systems. To tackle these limitations, we propose: 1) a stabilized memory network with a feedback mechanism which can learn user behaviors in an incremental manner and 2) a robot-IoT service provision framework for a Smart Home which utilizes the proposed memory architecture as a learning and reasoning module and exploits synergies between the robot and IoT systems. We conduct a set of comprehensive experiments under various conditions to verify the performance of the proposed memory architecture and the service provision framework and analyze the experiment results.

The Application of Wifi Technology in Smart Home

With the continuous maturity of WiFi technology and the growing development of smart home, the use of WiFi technology to control home systems on smartphones will become an important part of people’s lives in the future. More and more enterprises have joined the industries of developing smart home devices. More and more enterprises have joined the ranks of developing smart home devices. Firstly, this article introduces the concept of WiFi technology and the concept of smart home, and expounds its development trend. Secondly, it introduces the overall structure design of the system. Finally, it describes the hardware and software design of the system.

Smart devices information extraction in home Wi‐Fi networks

With the rapid development of smart homes, there will be more smart devices connected to home Wi‐Fi for Internet access. Knowing the exact information of smart devices can further improve network quality‐of‐service from network operators as well as security from service providers. In this paper, we propose a scheme based on Hadoop platform and user‐defined function for smart device information extraction in home Wi‐Fi networks. The user‐defined function is developed in the proposed scheme to deal with massive amount of data that are not formatted according to published standards. The core of the proposed information extraction scheme is based on string matching a processed input data to a prebuilt smart device rule database. Testing has been conducted based on a massive dataset that was collected from real‐life home networks. The testing results demonstrate that our proposed method can accurately extract device information from home Wi‐Fi networks.

Cyber and Physical Security Vulnerability Assessment for IoT-Based Smart Homes.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm focusing on the connection of devices, objects, or “things” to each other, to the Internet, and to users. IoT technology is anticipated to become an essential requirement in the development of smart homes, as it offers convenience and efficiency to home residents so that they can achieve better quality of life. Application of the IoT model to smart homes, by connecting objects to the Internet, poses new security and privacy challenges in terms of the confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity of the data sensed, collected, and exchanged by the IoT objects. These challenges make smart homes extremely vulnerable to different types of security attacks, resulting in IoT-based smart homes being insecure. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the possible security risks to develop a complete picture of the security status of smart homes. This article applies the operationally critical threat, asset, and vulnerability evaluation (OCTAVE) methodology, known as OCTAVE Allegro, to assess the security risks of smart homes. The OCTAVE Allegro method focuses on information assets and considers different information containers such as databases, physical papers, and humans. The key goals of this study are to highlight the various security vulnerabilities of IoT-based smart homes, to present the risks on home inhabitants, and to propose approaches to mitigating the identified risks. The research findings can be used as a foundation for improving the security requirements of IoT-based smart homes.

A survey on communication components for IoT-based technologies in smart homes

The new and disruptive Internet of Things (IoT)-based technologies being used in smart homes have significantly bounded and dispersed communication components. To examine these technologies and provide researchers with a clear vision toward this area, we must be aware of the utilized approaches and the existing limitations in this line of research. To this end, an extensive search was conducted for articles dealing with (a) smart homes, (b) IoT, and (c) related applications were comprehensively reviewed and a coherent taxonomy for these articles was established. ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science databases were checked for articles on IoT-based smart home technologies. The retrieved articles were then filtered based on specified criteria “Communication components aspects”, and 82 articles were eventually selected and classified into four categories. The first category included articles that representing internet devices in a framework or model that follows the requirements of the stage in which any system is developed, the second category included analytical studies that monitor the possible changes in the variables used in a specific case study, the third category included evaluation, comparative studies, and assessing their worth or merit, and the fourth category included reviews and surveys a review and survey of the communication components of IoT-based smart home technologies. The motivation for using IoT-based technologies in smart homes, the issues related to application obstruction, and the development and utilization of smart homes are then examined based on the findings from the literature. With the exception of the 82 articles reviewed earlier, the telecommunication standards and concepts of this research were covering IoT solutions, communication protocols, IoT stack protocol, and quality of service for IoT based smart home technologies.

A context-aware data fusion approach for health-IoT

The technological advances in low-cost sensor devices and communication technologies bring rapid increase in development of smart homes and smart environments. The developments in wireless sensor networks (WSN), body area networks (BAN), cloud computing and big data technologies trigger the use of Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare industry. This poses many challenges such as heterogeneous data fusion, context-awareness, complex query processing, reliability and accuracy etc. Data fusion techniques are used to extract meaningful information from heterogeneous IoT data. It combines individual data from sensor sources to collectively obtain a result, which is more reliable, accurate and complete. Apart from wearable sensors, additional context sensors need to be added to build a context. Health IoT applications has potential benefits of using context-aware data fusion. By using context information, the behavior of the application can be customized according to the specific situation. This paper provides a brief concept of context-aware data fusion and includes data management approach for context-aware systems for healthcare applications. Finally, a context-aware data fusion approach for health IoT is proposed. It includes context acquisition, situation building and reasoning and inference.

Review: Home energy management system in a Smart Grid scheme to improve reliability of power systems

Home energy management system (HEMS) concept rises from the development of smart homes that build interaction between users with their home appliances in order to operate automatically, multi-functionally, adaptably and efficiently. In line with technological developments and published regulations related to environmental issues, smart home applications evolve into HEMS applications which are not only to provide ease and convenience, but also to monitor and to make efficient energy use at home, thereby reducing peak power quantity and electricity bill. Smart grid is an intelligent power grid starting from its generation, transmission and distribution. It combines computing technology, artificial intelligence and communications technology which creates a smarter power system and is able to produce better power quality and lower generation cost. In the smart grid scheme, by means of HEMS applications, consumers can participate in improving the quality of power systems. This study will discuss about the development of HEMS in associated with smart grid technology particularly the role of HEMS application with its DSM (Demand Side Managment) and PEV (Plug-in Electric Vehicles) programs in the smart grid scheme to improve quality of power systems. Several studies have shown that the contribution of HEMS to the smart grid system can improve the power losses and voltage profile.

Smart Home for the Abled and Disabled Aged Persons in Africa: Design and Development

Smart home is an intelligent home network whose services and infrastructure are based information and communication technology. It is an intelligent use of wireless technology for the implementation of automated home electrical/electronic appliances and devices, domestic tasks, and security devices, for the wellbeing of the occupant. However, the development of smart homes has focused mainly on building for the young and able-bodied persons for the purpose of enhancing home comfort, energy saving, and security, without considering the aged and disabled persons in Africa. The Smart Home System were implemented in existing home environments, with the automation focusing on recognition of voice commands and uses low-power RF wireless communication modules along with a microcontroller for message passing. The system consists of voice recognition module for voice input and recognition. The control signal of the recognized command is transmitted to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller uses this signal to control home appliances. The designed system was tested and the result showed that the level of system response is higher in dead home than in a live home, hence, the system performance is affected by the environmental noise and the accents of un-trained aged persons are not supported by it. This system is most suitable for the aged and the disabled persons living alone and is intended to control all lights and electrical appliances inside a house using voice commands. In this work a home automation control system based on voice recognition was designed, implemented and experimental tests done and results were obtained.

Design of Smart Home Implementation within IoT with Natural Language Interface

Automation of buildings is currently undergoing a rapid development of technologies and approaches to provide sophisticated management of operational and technical features of residential, administrative or industrial buildings to minimize energy consumption, reduce operating costs, and increase comfort for residents of these buildings. These goals lead to the development, innovation, and new implementations of Smart Home and Smart Home Care. In this article, the authors focus on how to interconnect standardized KNX system of the Smart Home and the cloud-based IoT platform which serves as an integration layer. Discussing disadvantages of the IoT platform the authors come with further concepts that can be used when dealing with the possibly huge amount of events in the whole system. The latter part of this article presents a way how the system is enriched with natural language interface using cloud services. This allows interacting with the Smart Home in a way that is very close to the behavior of human beings. Using all described components, the overall architecture of the Smart Home system is presented and discussed.

Combining emerging patterns with random forest for complex activity recognition in smart homes

New healthcare technologies are emerging with the increasing age of the society, where the development of smart homes for monitoring the elders’ activities is in the center of them. Identifying the resident’s activities in an apartment is an important module in such systems. Dense sensing approach aims to embed sensors in the environment to report the detected events continuously. The events are segmented and analyzed via classifiers to identify the corresponding activity. Although several methods were introduced in recent years for detecting simple activities, the recognition of complex ones requires more effort. Due to the different time duration and event density of each activity, finding the best size of the segments is one of the challenges in detecting the activity. Also, using appropriate classifiers that are capable of detecting simple and interleaved activities is the other issue. In this paper, we devised a two-phase approach called CARER (Complex Activity Recognition using Emerging patterns and Random forest). In the first phase, the emerging patterns are mined, and various features of the activities are extracted to build a model using the Random Forest technique. In the second phase, the sequences of events are segmented dynamically by considering their recency and sensor correlation. Then, the segments are analyzed by the generated model from the previous phase to recognize both simple and complex activities. We examined the performance of the devised approach using the CASAS dataset. To do this, first we investigated several classifiers. The outcome showed that the combination of emerging patterns and the random forest provide a higher degree of accuracy. Then, we compared CARER with the static window approach, which used Hidden Markov Model. To have a fair comparison, we replaced the dynamic segmentation module of CARER with the static one. The results showed more than 12% improvement in f-measure. Finally, we compared our work with Dynamic sensor segmentation for real-time activity recognition, which used dynamic segmentation. The f-measure metric demonstrated up to 12.73% improvement.

Wearable wireless User Interface Cursor-Controller (UIC-C).

Controlling a computer or a smartphone's cursor allows the user to access a world full of information. For millions of people with limited upper extremities motor function, controlling the cursor becomes profoundly difficult. Our team has developed the User Interface Cursor-Controller (UIC-C) to assist the impaired individuals in regaining control over the cursor. The UIC-C is a hands-free device that utilizes the tongue muscle to control the cursor movements. The entire device is housed inside a subject specific retainer. The user maneuvers the cursor by manipulating a joystick imbedded inside the retainer via their tongue. The joystick movement commands are sent to an electronic device via a Bluetooth connection. The device is readily recognizable as a cursor controller by any Bluetooth enabled electronic device. The device testing results have shown that the time it takes the user to control the cursor accurately via the UIC-C is about three times longer than a standard computer mouse controlled via the hand. The device does not require any permanent modifications to the body; therefore, it could be used during the period of acute rehabilitation of the hands. With the development of modern smart homes, and enhancement electronics controlled by the computer, UIC-C could be integrated into a system that enables individuals with permanent impairment, the ability to control the cursor. In conclusion, the UIC-C device is designed with the goal of allowing the user to accurately control a cursor during the periods of either acute or permanent upper extremities impairment.

Smart Home: Cognitive Interactive People-Centric Internet of Things

This article proposes to integrate two entities, the Internet of Things and a cognitive dynamic system (CDS), and studies a smart home scenario as the application of interest. As a people-centric IoT, the smart home aims to enhance the intelligence level of the living environment and improve the quality of human life. Cognition, the distinct principles of which are perception?action cycle, memory, attention, intelligence, and language, can play a key role to pave the way for building truly smart homes. With cognition as its foundation, the engineering paradigm of CDS provides step-by-step guidelines for systematic development of smart homes. Hence, CDS can significantly contribute to the interactive IoT ecosystem.

Arduino IoT Studio based on 5W1H Programming Model for non Programmer

In this paper, we present a 5W1H programming model for IT non-experienced people who are not familiar with computer programming and those who need programming education. Based on this model, we can design a development tool that can be easily programmed by beginners. This development tool is a programming method applying the 5W1H concept and constructs a sentence to satisfy the control condition of Who, When, Where, What, and How, which is the sentence element of 5W1H. Therefore, the user can easily develop the target system as if constructing the sentence without learning the programming language of the target system. In this paper, to verify the effectiveness of the 5W1H programming model proposed in this paper, we applied the concept of 5W1H programming to Arduino and developed the development tool and performed the first verification and applied the second verification to the speech recognition smart home development platform.

一种特定人语音家居控制系统

语音控制在智能家居的应用为人民生活带来极大便利，但常规的非特定人语音控制会产生语音的误触发。本文在非特定语音识别的基础上，通过改进相应算法设计了一种特定人语音识别家居控制系统。系统采用MFCC算法获取语音特征，通过DTW算法实现语音特征匹配。上位机基于安卓平台，利用Android Studio工具并结合NDK组件实现相应软件与算法开发。下位机基于Zigbee平台，利用IAR完成家居系统下位机的开发。系统可完成特定人的语音控制，具有较高的识别率，操作更加人性化。 The application of speech control in smart home brings great convenience to life. However, con-ventional independent speech control will make incorrect speech triggering. Based on the non- specific speech recognition, this paper designs a specific human voice recognition home control system by improving the corresponding algorithm. This system gets speech features by MFCC al-gorithm and matches speech feature by DTW algorithm. Host computer is based on Android platform. This paper uses Android Studio tools and NDK assembly to achieve the development of software and algorithm. Lower computer is based on Zigbee platform used IAR to achieve lower computer development of smart home. As a result, this system can solve specific speech control with a higher recognition rate and more human operation.

중국 아파트 거주자를 대상으로 한 스마트 주택 요구도 분석

Although smart homes have been much developed in China, smart homes has been mainly towards the adoption of new technologies. There is little development of smart homes to consider and meet residents' needs in China. This study investigated residents' living in apartments in China using a questionnaire to identify their demands on smart homes. Through the survey, this study analyzed residents' space use patterns, daily living patterns etc. according to their ages. The results implied that there are significant differences in the use of spaces and demands on daily living within apartments. The results of this study should be considered for the development of smart homes in future. For example, it might be easier for people in the 20's to adopt Internet of Things (IoT) and environmental control systems compared to other age groups because most of them in the 20's use smart phones effectively without difficulties. In case of people in their 50's who stay home more times for taking a rest and eating meals compared to other age groups, smart technologies should be applied to support their health care and works in housings. This research emphasizing residents' experiences could be basis for the development of smart homes in China.

The Possibility of Using VLC Data Transfer in the Smart Home

Abstract: In connection with the development of the technological concepts Smart Home (SH), Smart Metering, Smart Grids, the Internet of Things (IoT), new ways of transmitting information using a suitable communication medium are looked for in the above-mentioned technological concepts with an emphasis on security and transmission speed, robustness and interworking of various wireless and wired technologies in SH. The work deals with testing information transmission using LED lights for VLC (Visible Light Communication) communication in Smart Home. The paper describes the possibilities of using a standardized communication medium KNX Twisted Pair technology for possible links with VLC for intercommunication between the individual technologies implemented in SH. Using the proposed broadcast system of VLC transmission, M-QAM modulation is tested here for various values of the carrier wave for the different distances in SH.

Identifying participation needs of people with acquired brain injury in the development of a collective community smart home

Purpose: This study explored the personalized and collective participation needs of people with acquired brain injury (ABI) living in a future shared community smart home. Methods: An action research study was conducted with 16 persons, seven with ABI, four caregivers and five rehabilitation or smart home healthcare providers. Twelve interviews and two focus groups were conducted, audiotaped, transcribed and analyzed for content. Results: Seventy personalized and 18 collective participation needs were reported related to daily and social activities. Personalized needs concerned interpersonal relationships, general organization of activities, leisure, housing, fitness and nutrition. Collective needs related mainly to housing, general organization of activities and nutrition. Conclusions: Personalized and collective participation needs of people with ABI planning to live in a community smart home are diverse and concern daily as well as social activities.Implications for RehabilitationTo meet participation needs of people with ABI, the design of smart homes must consider all categories of daily and social activities.Considering personalized and collective needs allowed identifying exclusive examples of each.As some persons with ABI had difficulty identifying their needs as well as accepting their limitations and the assistance required, rehabilitation professionals must be involved in needs identification.

Smart Home Control System Based on Internet of Things

A set of smart home control system based on Internet of Things is proposed due to the rapid development of smart home. This paper designs a system platform which people can use to make a remote query and control the home applications. Constrained Application Protocol is utilized in the communication between terminal devices which have limited memory and low calculation efficiency. The system has the characteristics of smart sensor, reliable transmission and intelligent processing. With the devices connected to the Internet, the results show that the system runs steadily so that it can provide the basis for further research of smart home.

Public health resources for smart-home scenario development: A methodological approach

Scenarios are used as tools in the development of smart home platforms and middleware for aging-in-place. In order to be effective, a set of scenarios that address all required functionalities are needed. The health condition of the majority of an aging population has been described by medical tools, such as WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health ICF and local health profiles. However, this has not yet been fully implemented in the development of smart-homes. In this study we develop a Public Health Methodology PHM in which we use public health resources for the generation of scenarios. Specific user characteristics are taken from the medical tools. Common daily user activities were supplied by research into common activities as practiced by Dutch end-users. A functional scenario is generated by combining the user characteristics and user activities with the product goal, the physical and non-physical environment, and the product to be developed. Using this method a set of 10 scenarios covered all requirements. The scenarios were used in virtual tests for the validation of smart-home platforms. PHM is a promising tool in the development of smart environments that are more easily adopted by aging populations.

Active in-database processing to support ambient assisted living systems.

As an alternative to the existing software architectures that underpin the development of smart homes and ambient assisted living (AAL) systems, this work presents a database-centric architecture that takes advantage of active databases and in-database processing. Current platforms supporting AAL systems use database management systems (DBMSs) exclusively for data storage. Active databases employ database triggers to detect and react to events taking place inside or outside of the database. DBMSs can be extended with stored procedures and functions that enable in-database processing. This means that the data processing is integrated and performed within the DBMS. The feasibility and flexibility of the proposed approach were demonstrated with the implementation of three distinct AAL services. The active database was used to detect bed-exits and to discover common room transitions and deviations during the night. In-database machine learning methods were used to model early night behaviors. Consequently, active in-database processing avoids transferring sensitive data outside the database, and this improves performance, security and privacy. Furthermore, centralizing the computation into the DBMS facilitates code reuse, adaptation and maintenance. These are important system properties that take into account the evolving heterogeneity of users, their needs and the devices that are characteristic of smart homes and AAL systems. Therefore, DBMSs can provide capabilities to address requirements for scalability, security, privacy, dependability and personalization in applications of smart environments in healthcare.