Smart Control System Research Articles

Fuzzy-assisted ultrafiltration of whey by-products recovery

It is well known that wastewaters from the food industry are a potential source of valuable compounds, such that these wastewaters may be considered by-products awaiting the development of appropriate treatment methodologies. Whey is one of the most important polluting effluents from the milk industry because of its very high biological oxygen demand (BOD). Nevertheless, whey is rich in by-products such as whey proteins and lactose, both of which are widely used industrially. Integrated processes could permit the selective recovery of these by-products in conjunction with the generation of clean, reusable water, thus reducing the environmental impact of this wastewater. Ultrafiltration is a crucial step in the separation and recovery of whey protein and lactose, but this technology suffers from fouling problems that can reduce its performance. New technologies assisted by smart modeling and control systems could improve this ultrafiltration step. In this work, a novel system that allows the recovery of the whey protein in milk industry effluent and the disposal of wastewater was developed and tested. This system utilizes an ultrafiltration process, as this permits the purification of the effluent at room temperature, ensuring the preservation of the recovered proteins. A specially designed autoadaptive fuzzy logic controller evaluates the level of filter membrane fouling and controls a mechanical device that induces filter regeneration. Experimental testing showed that this approach permits process intensification.

Design of Smart System to Control Energy in Idle Time

This study aims to control energy consumption at idle time or outside working hours in office buildings both government and private so that there is not waste in the use of energy. To control the use of energy, an energy smart control system is developed by applying Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Thing (IoT) technology in order to realize energy efficient to support Smart Campus in Industrial Era 4.0. The Prototype of smart system to control energy testing was conducted at the Politeknik Negeri Medan building. The process of controlling energy consumption at idle time can be done. By controlling energy consumption at idle time office activities have an effect on saving energy.

Automatic Room Temperature Regulator for Making Tempe Based on Arduino with Fuzzy Logic Method

The main obstacles of the tempe producers in fermentation process are the uncertain temperature and weather factors, if in the cold temperatures of tempe producers tend to still use manual way to keep the temperature in tempe, that is by covering the surface using cloth, newspaper or other cover because for the fermentation process in tempe temperature required ranges between 30-35o C and humidity below 70%. With unstable temperature can certainly affect the duration of tempe fermentation process. For that required a tool that can stabilize the temperature of the room on tempe fermentation process. Automatic temperature control for the manufacture of tempe is using fuzzy logic method as a smart control system, Arduino Mega 2560 as a microcontroller, DHT11 sensor as the detector temperature and humidity of the room, YL-69 & YL-38 sensors to detect the tempe water content that has become tempe parameter already mature or not, and heater and fan as actuators to stabilize the room temperature. Automatic temperature regulator for tempe making with fuzzy logic method is able to stabilize room temperature in fermentation process tempe and success rate of this tool in category good enough because get value from precision equal to 65%, recall 100%, and accuracy equal to 65%

Automatic Room Temperature Regulator for Making Tempe Based on Arduino with Fuzzy Logic Method

The main obstacles of the tempe producers in fermentation process are the uncertain temperature and weather factors, if in the cold temperatures of tempe producers tend to still use manual way to keep the temperature in tempe, that is by covering the surface using cloth, newspaper or other cover because for the fermentation process in tempe temperature required ranges between 30-35o C and humidity below 70%. With unstable temperature can certainly affect the duration of tempe fermentation process. For that required a tool that can stabilize the temperature of the room on tempe fermentation process. Automatic temperature control for the manufacture of tempe is using fuzzy logic method as a smart control system, Arduino Mega 2560 as a microcontroller, DHT11 sensor as the detector temperature and humidity of the room, YL-69 & YL-38 sensors to detect the tempe water content that has become tempe parameter already mature or not, and heater and fan as actuators to stabilize the room temperature. Automatic temperature regulator for tempe making with fuzzy logic method is able to stabilize room temperature in fermentation process tempe and success rate of this tool in category good enough because get value from precision equal to 65%, recall 100%, and accuracy equal to 65%

Development and implementation of smart street lighting system based on LoRa Technology

This paper concerned with the development and implementation of smart street lighting control system based using Led lamp and Lora Wireless communication. Smart street lamps have been developed for over several years. These technologies have played an important role in urban safety, energy conservation. Currently, a traditional street lights are automatically turn on or off based on timer or day/night sensor. LEDs are now the standard replacement for legacy lighting in most cities around the world. At the same time, smart controls are becoming more mainstream and are increasingly installed alongside LED deployments. Recently, the conventional light sources are replaced by Led, which have so many advantages such as: energy savings, long lifetime, high reliability, pure light color, fast response, and friendliness to the environment. Furthermore, the intensity of the LED can be controlled easily. In this paper, the smart lighting system is designed to control and monitor devices via wireless transmission frequencies below 1 GHz. The system will include many types of devices connected to each other by a gateway. The transmit distance is about 2km in the urban area and up to 5km in rural area. The proposed smart street public lighting provides some advantages features such as: Automatic mode, Remote control mode, Connection disconnection mode, Manual direct operation mode. The smart lighting system has been built at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology to meet the standards for data transmission. And some experimental resutls are provided to show the effectiveness of the porposed system.

Development and validation of a smart HVAC control system for multi-occupant offices by using occupants’ physiological signals from wristband

Since people spend most of their time indoors, it is important to create comfortable indoor environments for building occupants. However, unsuitable thermostat settings lead to energy waste and an undesirable indoor environment, especially in multi-occupant rooms. This study aimed to develop and validate a control strategy for the HVAC systems in multi-occupant offices using physiological parameters measured by wristbands. We used an ANN model to predict thermal sensation from indoor environmental and physiological parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, clothing level, wrist skin temperature, skin relative humidity and heart rate. The model was trained by data collected in seven multi-occupant offices in the course of a year, and it was able to predict the thermal sensation with high accuracy. Next, we developed a control strategy for the HVAC system to improve the thermal comfort of all the occupants in the room. The control system was smart and could adjust the thermostat set point automatically in real time. We validated the system by means of both experiments and numerical simulations. In most cases, we improved the occupants’ thermal comfort level. After using the wristband control, over half of the occupants experienced a neutral sensation, and fewer than 5% still felt uncomfortable. The energy consumption by the HVAC system with the wristband control was almost the same as when the constant set point was used. After coupling with occupancy-based control by means of lighting sensors or wristband Bluetooth, the heating and cooling loads were reduced by 90% and 30%, respectively, in interior offices. Therefore, the smart HVAC control system can effectively control the indoor environment for thermal comfort and energy saving.

Enhanced Energy Saving in Wastewater Treatment Plant using Dissolved Oxygen Control and Hydrocyclone

Abstract Water and energy are precious commodities. With the rising population, their demand is escalating day by day. If we talk about water, groundwater is the primary freshwater source for private colonies, apartments and institutions in India. The present media reports forecast that 21 Indian cities will be running out of groundwater by 2020. Reuse of treated water from wastewater treatment for non-domestic applications is one of the best alternatives to control the scarcity of fresh water. The conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) have limited capacity and are energy-intensive. The existing WWTP of the LNM Institute of Information Technology (LNMIIT) is retrofitted to achieve the required capacity and quality for reuse. In this paper, some of the novel techniques like hydrocyclone and smart aeration control have been adopted for energy saving per unit of wastewater treated. Hydrocyclone was designed and installed for primary sludge separation. The air supplied in the bioreactor was controlled through the smart aeration control system consisting of Variable Frequency Drive (VFD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) sensor and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Under this process, the installation of VFD enhanced the power factor by 17.15%, thus creating energy saving of 17.49%. The DO control with VFD in the bioreactor reduced the electrical energy consumption for aeration by 66.75%. The installation of hydrocyclone as a primary sludge separator with DO control saved the electrical energy for aeration by 71.46%. The developed system provided stable operation with enhanced aeration energy efficiency and treatment capacity.

Video-Based Parking Occupancy Detection for Smart Control System

Street lighting is a fundamental aspect of security systems in homes, industrial facilities, and public places. To detect parking lot occupancy in outdoor environments, street light control plays a crucial role in smart surveillance applications that can perform robustly in extreme surveillance environments. However, traditional parking occupancy systems are mostly implemented for outdoor environments using costly sensor-based techniques. This study uses the Jetson TX2 to develop a method that can accurately identify street parking occupancy and control streetlights to assist occupancy detection, thereby reducing costs, and can adapt to various weather conditions. The proposed method adopts You Only Look Once version 3 (YOLO v3, Seattle, WA, USA) based on MobileNet version 2 (MobileNet v2, Salt Lake City, UT, USA), which is area-based and uses voting to stably recognize occupancy status. This solution was verified using the CNRPark + EXT dataset, a simulated model, and real scenes photographed with a camera. Our experiments revealed that the proposed framework can achieve stable parking occupancy detection in streets.

Design of a smart control and protection system for three-phase generator using Arduino

Proper monitoring of electrical apparatus that has power consumption is a step towards efficient energy and saving management. Parameters of electrical power system have wide variations during operation of electrical devices. These changes in the parameters required to be measured using accrued meter. This paper presents design and implementation of AC multi-meter based on Arduino for three-phase synchronous generator. This meter measures the values of load current, terminal voltage and the frequency. In addition, it used to detect the abnormal operation of three-phase synchronous generator (overload, under and over voltage, and low and high frequencies). The multi-meter displayed the measured parameters and the protection status of each data directly on LCD, and serial print of the Arduino software program in PC via USB cable. A smart monitoring for these operation conditions designed using a Bluetooth module. Two sensors have been used with multi-meter; current sensor type ACS-712, and ac voltage sensor type ZMPT101b. The frequency has been measured utilizing the ac voltage sensor signal, i.e. it measured without using any external zero crossing detector hardware circuit.

Preface

The 2nd International Conference on Applied Science and Technology - Engineering Sciences (iCAST-ES 2019), organized by the Indonesian Polytechnics Consortium has been held in Bali Nusa Dua Convention Center, Bali, Indonesia on October 24-25, 2019.This prestigious conference is aimed at bringing together the researchers and experts in intelligent technology from educational institutions, R & D, industry, government and the community to exchange and share ideas, knowledge through a discussion of a wide range of issues related to green development through millennial industrialization.All full papers have been reviewed and evaluated based on originality, research content, depth, correctness, relevance to conference issues, contributions, and readability. Topics of Interest (iCAST-ES 2019) include, but not limited to, civil engineering advancements for sustainable infrastructure, innovate and applied mechanical engineering to support sustainable industrial revolution, intelligence system for sustainable electricity and informatics engineering, renewable energy system and smart grid technology, control system, robotics, mechatronics and automation, food processing and technology, physics technology, chemical engineering and basic engineering science. The papers are published in open access Journal of Physics: Conference Series.Warm regardsDr. Dra. Ni Nyoman Aryaningsih, MMGeneral Chair

The architecture and key technology of fault inversion systemfor Hybrid UHV AC/DC power system

The architecture and key technology of fault inversion system for Hybrid UHV AC/DC power system are introduced in this paper. The complete and accurate fault inversion model of power grid is formed by integrating the off-line model of Power System Data Base(PSDB) with the real-time online model of Smart Grid Dispatching and Control System(D5000). This model not only solves the problem that the real-time online model lacks transient parameter, but also overcomes the difficulty that the off-line model cannot reflect the real-time operation condition of the power grid, Therefore, this model meets the requirements of timeliness and accuracy of fault inversion calculation. Based on this model, the simulation calculation and analysis of power grid are carried out, and the changes of electricity volume in the process of power grid fault are simulated accurately. The system has been installed successfully and put into use in the simulation centre of the State Grid. The fault inversion analysis is carried out for State Grid Dispatch Centre and East China power grid. Besides, the scientific validity of the proposed scheme is verified.

Design and Implementation of a Smart Traffic Signal Control System for Smart City Applications.

Infrastructure supporting vehicular network (V2X) capability is the key factor to the success of smart city because it enables many smart transportation services. In order to reduce the traffic congestion and improve the public transport efficiency, many intelligent transportation systems (ITS) need to be developed. In this paper, a smart traffic signal control (STSC) system is designed and implemented, it supports several smart city transportation applications including emergency vehicle signal preemption (EVSP), public transport signal priority (TSP), adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC), eco-driving supporting, and message broadcasting. The roadside unit (RSU) controller is the core of the proposed STSC system, where the system architecture, middleware, control algorithms, and peripheral modules are detailed discussed in this paper. It is compatible with existed traffic signal controller so that it can be fast and cost−effectively deployed. A new traffic signal scheme is specially designed for the EVSP scenario, it can inform all the drivers near the intersection regarding which direction the emergency vehicle (EV) is approaching, smoothing the traffic flow, and enhancing the safety. EVSP scenario and the related control algorithms are implemented in this work; integration test and field test are performed to demonstrate the STSC system.

Agent Based Modeling in Energy Systems: Parametrization of Coupling Points

Future multimodal energy systems (MES) including heat, gas and electricity sectors will be equipped with control systems, which have some degree of autonomy, and are adaptive to their environment. Smart control systems are able to communicate with other systems and other autonomous controllers. The resulting systems can be analyzed as a complex adaptive system (CAS), which has been successfully investigated using agent based modeling (ABM) in the past. In this study, the operational behavior of a MES using different agent parametrizations for coupling points is investigated. These properties can be categorized as fast-acting agents and slow-acting as well agents with and without dead-band and saturation. The result of every scenario points out the temporal evolution of pressure in gas, temperature in heat and voltage in electricity sectors. The bottom-up perspective allocates agents’ parametrizations to the whole system behavior. The study shows the effect of dead-band, saturation and the gain of coupling points controller on the MES. In addition, the role of observers in analyzing systems in CAS paradigm is discussed. The results pave the way for setting up proper agents’ parameters and designing proper observers.

A system to monitor and model the thermal isolation of coating compounds applied to closed spaces

Smart control systems and new technologies are necessary to reduce the energy consumption in buildings while achieving thermal comfort. In this work, we monitor the thermal evolution inside a scale reduced closed space whose exterior and/ or interior wall faces have been painted with a coating solution. Based on the experimental data obtained under different environmental conditions, a simulator was developed and tuned to reproduce the thermodynamic behavior inside the spaces, with a relative error of less than 3.5%. This simulator lets us also estimate energy savings, temperature, and flux behavior under other conditions.

ИМИТАЦИОННОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ СМАРТ-СИСТЕМ

The article discusses the possibilities of applying simulation to solving problems of optimizing the environmental elements of a “smart city”. The concept of smart systems in urban studies has appeared relatively recently, however, an active discussion about the possibilities of its application is conducted not only among specialists. The growing interest in new technologies is demonstrated by business and administrations of large cities. The updating of the new technological agenda is based on a number of complex social and technological trends. First of all, we are talking about the final stage of transformation of industrial societies into information-type societies and the rapid development of telecommunication technologies, which created the conditions for the emergence of the Internet of things. Digitalization of infrastructure objects, elements of control and management of urban logistics in the future, most likely, will lead to the formation of fully automated supersystems, the functioning of which will determine the quality of life of urban residents. Already today, technological capabilities make it possible to commission some quasi-intelligent controls, however, the introduction of innovations requires a comprehensive, non-speculative analysis of all the possible consequences. The functioning of any automated system is based on a set of mathematical algorithms that determine its response to changes in environmental variables and the internal state. Closely connected with the problem of algorithmization is the problem of calibrating the connections of elements of smart systems, which can be practically impossible to solve with classical well-tested analytical methods due to the extreme complexity of some smart systems. Simulation modeling and agent-based approach in particular could become a tool for testing and optimizing integrated smart control systems. Simulation modeling allows for emulation experiments, determining the influence of various design options and calibration methods of smart systems being designed on their functional efficiency. The usefulness of agent modeling here lies in its focus on reproducing complex systems from the bottom up - from the actions of many elementary subjects to the global dynamics of the system. This property of the agent-based approach actualizes its application in the design of smart control systems for the urban environment, the dynamics and functioning of which is determined by the actions and interactions of many independent entities with opposite goals.

Economical and Safe Design for Low-Traffic Long-Roads Illumination Control System by Using Image Recognition Technique

The paper covers analysis and investigation of lighting automation system in low traffic roads. The main objective is to provide optimal solution between expensive safe design utilizes continuous lighting at night for the complete road, or sacrifice the safety to minimize the cost of energy consumption by relying on using vehicles lighting in low traffic road designed without lighting systems. Each of these two scenarios is extremely significant issue and contradicting to each other from economic point of view. By taking into account both of these factors, smart lighting control system is proposed using Image Recognition Technique. In this proposal, the road is sectionalized into zones. By using motion sensors and Infra-Red cameras distributed and installed in each zone, any moving object can be detected and its image can be captured and analyzed using Image Recognition Technique to check whether the object is a vehicle or not. Matlab code is written and tested using different images to validate the code output. In case a vehicle is detected, the control system of the road lighting illuminates only the zone that the vehicle passes through. Economic analysis is provided in this paper to support the value of using this design of lighting control system. “Saving Norm” of $1,171.19/km/Year is calculated for the proposed system. This “Saving Norm” is a good index to supports project management for both project decision makers and for cash-flow controllers.

Design of LED smart glass display and control system based on embedded system

Design of LED smart glass display and control system based on embedded system

Management of Condenser Fan Speed and its Influence on the Split Air Conditioner Performance

Energy saving is the challenge of decreasing the quantity of energy consumption needed. This can be done by employing reliable and smart control system. In this article, an experimental study has been carried out to investigate the performance of a split air conditioning unit having a variable speed condenser fan. The rate of heat rejection airflow has been controlled according to the outdoor air temperature via a Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller. The control algorithm allows increasing the condenser fan speed with the increase of outdoor air temperature and vice verse. The maximum rate of air flow of the fan is 0.43 m3/s at 42ºC outdoor air temperature and the minimum flow is 0.28m3/s. To facilitate variation of refrigerant flow rate according to the evaporator load, the traditional capillary tube was replaced with a suitable thermostatic expansion valve and liquid refrigerant reserve. The influence of condenser airflow modulation and its temperature on the air conditioner performance and also on the compressor power consumption has been investigated and presented at different evaporator loads. It has been found that a 10 % reduction in compressor power is achieved by increasing the condenser air flow by about 50%.

Modeling of Smart Water Control Mechanism using IoT

The unexpected water demand has become a serious concern in the last few years. The increasing demand for water supply has posed a significant challenge for many countries around the world. Various factors, such as population growth, urbanization, and climate changes, have further exhausted water resources. Therefore, water conservation and natural resource management have become crucial factors for human survival. The proposed study presents the modeling of smart water control system based on IoT technology. The implementation of the proposed water control model is carried out using an analytical approach with cost-effective, functional modules using sensors and wireless communication system. The proposed smart water control mechanism is mainly designed for water distribution and monitoring application.

Smart measurement and control system of condition of a local technosphere

This article proposes a smart system of measurement of and control over a local technosphere’s condition. A basic element of this system, which allows for minimizing control errors, is a smart sensor which gives an opportunity to measure, transform, and automatically detect and correct measurement results. In order to minimize control errors within threshold values of parameters, we suggest transforming the sensitivity of a smart sensor using the Monte Carlo method. Structural schemes of a smart measurement and control system and an intelligent sensor are proposed, as well as an algorithm for transforming the sensitivity of an intelligent sensor based on the Monte Carlo method.