Smart City Model Research Articles

Smart city sustainable configuration

The paper shows that sustainable development is the goal of most modern socio-economic systems of different levels, countries, regions, cities. It is shown that the basis for the development of modern society is the balance of interests in the economic, environmental, social spheres, without which it is impossible to achieve the goals of sustainable development. Sustainable development requires the introduction of new models of territory management. The paper notes that a promising tool for the sustainable development of the territory is the smart city model, the main element of which is modern digital technologies. The paper considers the main elements of the smart city configuration that affect the sustainable development of the territory. The toolkit of a smart city for the implementation of sustainable development goals in the context of the formation of a digital society is presented.

Research on Smart City Construction based on Natural Technology

In the process of smart city construction and service, natural technologies such as big data, property networking and cloud computing play an irreplaceable core role. Therefore, it is of great significance to deeply study the natural technology of smart cities for the development of smart cities. Starting from the natural technology elements of smart city, this study first introduces the key natural technologies in the process of smart city construction and summarizes the framework model of smart city based on natural technology according to the connection and operation rules of various technologies. Secondly, this study analyzes the biggest dilemma faced by smart city construction led by natural technology, that is, the lack of social technology. Finally, the development countermeasures for smart city construction are put forward.

Assessment of the Impact of Smart City Initiatives on the Development of Urbanized Territories

Digitalization processes are penetrating deeper into various areas of urbanized territories, being a factor affecting the quality of life of the local population. One of the promising approaches for the development of urban areas in the context of digitalization is the concept of the smart city. Despite the significant popularity of the smart city concept among the scientific community, as well as municipal authorities, the impact of digitalization processes on the development of the urban environment, as well as the possibility of using digital technologies to solve emerging problems in the economic, social, and environmental spheres, has been studied very little. The aim of the study is to determine the dependencies between the implementation of smart city model initiatives and the development of individual subsystems of the urban environment. The paper shows that a significant part of modern research is of theoretical, descriptive nature, while there is a shortage of empirical research, the main purpose of which would be to identify quantitative patterns in the development of smart cities, which would contribute to the development of economic and mathematical approaches to the study of urbanized territories in the conditions of formation digital society. The research method used by the authors is correlation analysis. Using the cases of 118 cities from the Smart City Index 2021, prepared by the Singapore Institute of Technology and Design, the relationship between the implementation of ideas for the digitalization of the urban environment and improving the quality of individual components of the urban environment is shown. As a result of the study, strong correlations were identified between the introduction of digital technologies in the main areas of the urban economy and the development of the urban environment, the hypothesis about the impact of digitalization processes on the development of certain areas of management within urban areas was confirmed, relationships between the development of smart solutions within the urban environment and changes in quality were shown. life of the local population. The results obtained can become the basis for further research in the development of smart cities, as well as applied tools for the implementation of plans and strategies for the development of urban areas.

Cities smart transformation

Since the second half of the 20th century, cities around the world have grown at an accelerated pace. Rapid urbanization gave rise to both new opportunities and new problems that required urgent solutions. In the policy of urban development, one of the options for such solutions was the transition to the so-called Smart City model. Despite the multiplicity of interpretations, it is difficult to imagine an intelligent modern city without the widespread use of information and communication technologies. The article discusses the concept of a Smart City, its practical implementation in some megacities of the Latin American region, notes both achievements and problems on the way of the intellectual transformation of cities. The author highlights a large gap in the level of organization of smart cities within the region, their serious dependence on foreign technologies. Special attention is paid to such cities as Medellin, Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Rio de Janeiro, the regional leaders of the international Smart City ratings.

A local smart city approach in the context of smart environment and urban resilience

Purpose Although smart city studies have increased recently, smart city discussions are made based on general concepts not specific to the region. The region-specific local smart city strategy in the built environment is key to climate resilience in the built environment in the face of natural disasters. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the smart environment, which expresses the spatial dimension of smart cities. This research defines a region-specific smart city model and revealing the role of this model in the resilience against disasters of the built environment. Design/methodology/approach The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was conducted in four steps. In Step 1, the authors suggested new smart environmental assessment criteria with climatic and geographical data within the scope of the collective mind of the region. In Step 2, they determined the expert group to evaluate within the scope of the AHP method and then compared the significance levels of the current and suggested smart environmental assessment criteria by the AHP method. Findings From the results, it turned out that smart urbanization processes, which are trying to relate to local characteristics, are of great importance in terms of ensuring urban resilience. The results also highlight that the existing smart environmental assessment criteria in the literature are insufficient to ensure the climatic resilience of the built environment in the face of natural disasters. Research limitations/implications The study is in an intermediary section, which has a gap in the literature due to its subject. Although it has focused on an acute problem and a current research problem, the lack of literature on the field has been a limitation. Determining the cities where the field studies would be conducted has been a major limitation. For an objective hypothesis test within the scope of the AHP method, the sample group should consist of experts working in smart city projects in cities that are in the top 3 in five different smart city rankings, where field studies are conducted. Within this limited cluster, creating a large sample group was an important limitation. Originality/value This research looks into the existing gaps of the relation between climate resilience of the built environment and the local smart city approach. This examination will foster a holistic approach in the practice of sustainable smart city in the built environment, thus reinforcing urban resilience and climate studies in the context of smart cities.

Key Factors of Effective Development of Smart Cities in Croatia

World trends are showing a continuous increase in the number of inhabitants living in cities. It is expected that 70% of total world and 80% of total European population will live in cities by 2050. By increasing the number of inhabitants, the challenges of city management are growing as well. With the aim of achieving maximum living standards and quality of life of their inhabitants, the implementation of smart city model proves to be a necessity. The Republic of Croatia, as a member of the European Union, is obliged to follow recommendations contained in a series of documents and conclusions, as well as use the sources of funding available to European member states. The paper provides a framework for understanding the concept of smart cities through an overview of scientific literature, examples of good practice from Europe and the world, and a detailed analysis of the state and degree of development of smart cities in the Republic of Croatia, focusing on key dimensions of smart city development. It has been proven that investing in key dimensions of a smart city: Population, technology, and institutions, generates revenue growth, economic development, and better living quality of city population. The research methodology for this paper is based on a mixed method that involves collection, analysis, and integration of quantitative and qualitative research. The aim of the paper is to provide a framework for understanding the concept of a smart city, point out the advantages of such management mode, as well as the key dimensions to be invested in, in order to boost economic development and quality of life of the dominant, city population.

CIM And CIM Platform Practical Use in China Review

City Information Modelling (CIM) is becoming an important base model of Smart City and Digital Twin City, which can realise intelligent city design and management. Lately, CIM has become the focuses of urban planning and design studies. Under the influence of building information model (BIM), smart city and three-dimensional city simulation, city-level information modelling, CIM connects different BIM levels integrates the spatial expression effect of GIS. This review introduces CIM development from using generating procedures, such as rules and typological processes, to analyse urban scenarios to form the city full information scene through the integration of BIM, GIS, and IoT. The paper also overviews the technical path of construction with CIM implementation, problems existing in the current practice of CIM technology, including all information of digital and lightweight data, scene fast calls and data standard uniformity, etc. Following the latest CIM progress, the paper puts forward some ways to realise the effective use of CIM in urban planning and design. The further review focuses on big data security, publicity, urban design element and CIM platform practical use in China.

Smart city policy in developing countries: Case study of the new administrative capital in Egypt

Smart city policy has been employed through the last two decades to accommodate the urban modifications, which utilize information technology, innovation, and smart management for urban governance. The study aims to discuss the case study for the Egyptian condition's smart city model and policy, using policy narrative analysis for the fourth‐generation cities and the pioneer model. From a policy perspective, the Egyptian smart city model's contribution has received little attention from previous studies dealing with the smart city in the Egyptian context. Therefore, the present research explores presenting and discuss the Egyptian smart city model as an innovation development policy perspective. The analysis employs The new administrative capital as a case study. The policy documents and the online interview with Administrative Capital for Urban Development Company officials have been used. Our findings found that the NAC might be the successful path for the smart city model inside the Egyptian context, considering some implementation policy recommendations. The NAC's innovative components deem a prompt to invigorate the regional and national levels' innovation process. The Egyptian case study's smart city model uses a holistic strategy with a quadruple helix to develop the urban system to attract knowledge and innovation.

Cybersecurity Policy Framework in Saudi Arabia: Literature Review

Saudi Arabia has a goal of ensuring that it has at least two cities among the top 100 smart cities of the future. However, increasing connectivity and incorporation of smart solutions in cities still raises concerns over cyber security with threats arising daily including denial of services and phishing as some of the most significant. Saudi Arabia, therefore, needs a cybersecurity policy framework that will ensure effective protection for all stakeholders in the smart city from these cyber threats. User acceptance is foremost important in any new technology, including smart-cities. Due to ongoing cyber threats and in the absence of an efficient cyber policies, Saudi end-user community is not keen to accept newer technologies where their interaction with online medium is required. The proliferation of smart cities globally affords the opportunity to analyze and compare the efforts made in Saudi Arabia with other nations like the USA, India and Singapore which is the premier smart city model in the globe currently. This review looks at the similarities and differences between KSA’s cyber security policy framework with these three nations. The review will note some of the defining characteristics and approaches to cyber security in the smart cities of USA, India, and Singapore. After reviewing the current framework in Saudi Arabia, this paper will make suggestions such as updating Saudi’s cybercrime legislation like in the US or formulating a master cyber security plan as seen in Singapore that will improve KSA’s framework creating the best framework model for cyber security in its smart cities.

Design and Analysis of High-Speed Free Space Optical (FSO) Communication System for Supporting Fifth Generation (5G) Data Services in Diverse Geographical Locations of India

Free space optical (FSO) communication has established a reputation for itself as a next-generation network capable of delivering high-speed data services. In light of the upcoming launch of 5G services, this paper aims to evaluate the performance of the FSO system for the implementation of 5G technology in diverse geographical locations of India. The proposed 16 × 10 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{Gbps}$</tex-math></inline-formula> wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based FSO link uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and digital signal processing (DSP) module to mitigate channel-induced limitations. Additionally, the proposed FSO design also employs Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with optimized gain characteristics. Using the data sourced from the Meteorological Department of India, the link analysis reveals that due to weak fog events in coastal areas effective link range of up to 10.75 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{km}$</tex-math></inline-formula> can be achieved while maintaining bit error rate of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-9}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . Despite dominant foggy conditions in hilly, plains and desert areas, the proposed FSO link significantly limits the degrading effects of channel. Hence, in pursuit of futuristic smart city models, a heterogeneous combination of FSO and 5G infrastructure can conveniently cover diverse geographical locations of India to support high-speed data connectivity.

Build a Secure Smart City by using Blockchain and Digital Twin

Background/Objectives: As urbanization increases worldwide, so do the need for smart cities that enable more efficient city management. Based on smart city operational data, it explains the digital twin technologies required to predict outcomes and control according to circumstances through virtual simulations and presents related metaverse technologies. Methods/Statistical analysis: Introduction and explanation of smart city services using blockchain. The data infrastructure underlies each area, such as city operations, essential in a smart city. Findings: Therefore, blockchain is used to avoid hacking, data errors, and system failures of the existing centralized management and ensure data integrity and system stability by building a more secure server. In addition, blockchain enables the establishment of governance and free access to information through individual information sovereignty. Improvements/Applications: Most smart city models do not have a high level of authentication. Therefore, this study investigated a new smart city model that provides security and convenience to citizens by mutually complementing the virtual and real worlds by predicting urban situations through digital twins that can simulate impossible conditions in reality based on blockchain-based authentication.

Towards a reliable smart city through formal verification and network analysis

With the immense increase of population density, many challenges facing organizations and governments. Thus, it has become mandatory to turn up our cities to be intelligent by introducing IoT and smart grids to build smart buildings, smart communication technologies, smart healthcare systems, smart transportation, etc. Smart cities guarantee the healthy living of indoor inhabitants by sensing, processing and controlling all possible indoor–outdoor measures. In this paper, we develop a framework that systematically builds a reliable and secure Smart City Model (SCM) to be integrated then exploited by the building information model (BIM). SCM encloses both physical and digital models which highlight smart buildings in particular. First, the proposed solution identifies and models SCM components including their appropriate architectures that are responsible for communication, extension, information flow, and protection. To ensure SCM functional and security requirements, we develop a sound hybrid approach that relies on formal methods and network analysis. Uppaal model checker is used to verify the satisfiability of the smart city requirements whereas Cooja is deployed to simulate the connectivity and the communication coverage of the developed SCM. The obtained results, in Uppaal, showed that the different implemented scenarios are satisfying the functional correctness and security policies. Moreover, the simulation through Cooja showed that how different obstacles and positions of nodes affect the communication coverage and the energy consumption regarding the deployed nodes. Experimentally, the effectiveness of the developed framework has been shown through practical scenarios that are difficult to model and analyze.

Antecedents and Consequences of Digital Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in the Interaction Process with Smart City Development

The nature of entrepreneurship and its developmental paths in the urban environment are extensively studied in the scientific literature. With a rising interest of scholars in the smart city phenomenon, the role entrepreneurship plays in the development of smart cities became a central topic in academia. However, there is a lack of discussion concerning the specific settings and characteristics of digital entrepreneurship in the smart city scenario. Nowadays, the concept of digital entrepreneurship is considered as a part of the digital entrepreneurial ecosystems (DEE) that provides an environment for effective entrepreneurial activities. Hence, the investigation on how DEE is interconnected with smart cities and how they both can contribute to their mutual development appears both timely and necessary. To reach this research objective, the authors, after giving a clear definition of each component of DEE based on an extensive literature review, consider its interconnection with the smart city model. The connection between the dimensions of a smart city and the structural constituents of DEE is also tracked, highlighting the contribution of each element to the development of a smart city. Through the creation of a comprehensive framework, the results of the paper show clearly that DEE is an inevitable part of a smart city environment. The research also covers the model of DEE engagement in smart city architecture.

FUTURE SMART CITIES TO SOLVE THE URBAN PROBLEMS IN EGYPT THE HIGHER INSTITUTE OF ENGINNERING, THEBES ACADEMY

The rapid urbanization and changes taking place in the cities of the world since the past few decades, which led to the orientation of strategies for preserving the environment and economic resources and searching for new and renewable energies, reuse ,and recycling in an integrative way with people through digital technology or information technologies in order to enhance the quality of life and began to pay attention to establishment of smart cities with a goal achieving goals by linking human capital ,social capital and information and communication technology infrastructure to tackle urban issues and competitiveness while ensuring that the needs of yall present and future with regard to the economic ,social and environmental aspects. The research includes concepts of smart cities such as digital city, information city, existing cities, urbanization and smart city components. The research problem is the lack of knowledge of the principles of smart cities in the urban orientation through the use of communication and information technology (CIT) as a means to achieve its goals. The research hypothesis stating the adoption of the principles of the smart city model for the urban environment for knowledge-based cities, as the smart city road restores the method of controlling greenhouse gas emissions, protection from crime and ensuring security, new systems for smart energy, smart transportation, smart water management, and smart government.

도농복합도시의 스마트도시 전략 모델 제시 - 충청남도 금산군 사례분석을 중심으로 -

This paper conducted a survey of residents and public officials for the projects to make smart-city plans of Geumsan-gun. In introduction, several domestic and foreign cases related to smart-city projects were Investigated. To initiate the smart-city project of Geumsan-gun, the local status of Geumsan-gun was investigated regarding various aspects of natural, social, urban environment and smart-city facilities. The results of this survey are as follows: Overall, more than half of survey respondents said they had satisfaction of their housing quality. Several problems in their residence areas, such as insufficient welfare systems, shortage of parking spaces, industrial infrastructure, were reported. Meanwhile, the survey result indicated that tourism and leisure facilities, health care support systems, industries promote the economy and job market of the area. An interview with public official is also important to select the relevant meaningful projects and regional issues. Three models for each spatial unit were proposed in Geumsan-gun based on the natural, agricultural, and geographical environment. In result, the three smart-city models are categorized as urban type(large area), complex city type(medium area), and smart village type(small area)

Effect of environmental and social responsibility in energy-efficient management models for smart cities infrastructure

A Smart city is a safe and productive urban centre that offers its people a high quality of life through optimized resource management. The sophistication of the energy networks and their critical function make energy management one of the most challenging urban centers' problems. The essential methods are widely used to determine intelligent technologies' technical and policy impacts for modeling and simulation Planning to move from existing towns to smarter ones. Energy consumption has been increasing due to the growing population and intensified in dense metropolitan centres. It has changed Energy consumption, resulting in a strong demand for oil and electricity and more pollutants and heat production in these urban areas. This paper looks at energy-related work on smart city models and planning by classifying their spectrum based on active and passive approaches and infrastructure management models. The purpose of this paper is to examine economic performance determinants and to determine the energy protection requirements of smart cities for efficient energy management based on active and passive models. Further, the paper’s principal approaches include the economic study of upgrades to infrastructure, leading to a decline in the smart cities' energy demand identified by the street lighting intelligent diode (LED). Our results indicate that smart city models are designed to pursue alternatives to promote more clean energy sources on grids with smart linked urban energy storage systems. Our findings may be of great concern to city planners, municipal residents, and urban decision-makers interested in smart cities' design and operation.

Smart Cities Landscape and Urban Planning for Sustainability in Brno City

This study aimed to explore the case study of Brno city regarding smart city models. We analyzed Brno considering smart and sustainable city elements, i.e., smart mobility/public transport, smart technology, smart people, smart governance, smart economy, smart living, and smart environment based on transport, energy, and environment referred herein as the smart city and sustainability model. Therefore, we investigated a case study of Brno city in the Czech Republic. We used qualitative techniques such as case study, exploration, observation, and description. We analyzed and comprehended the trends in the various features of smart city and sustainable development of the city of Brno. The findings showed that Brno city is doing its best to maintain smart city models through its governance organs and structures. The city is also working hard to improve some of the aspects that are still lagging. The ongoing developments and the future ones are based on strategic planning for both the short term and long term such as Brno2023, Brno2030, and Brno2050. It was found that Brno has a very well-planned transport system and is integrated with other aspects such as technology, energy, such as the electricity that moves the trolleybuses and trams, and environment. We strongly conclude that even though Brno city still struggles to achieve total sustainability, it is still a model and reflection of a smart and sustainable city. Finally, we noted that Brno city has very good plans and vision the “DNA” of a smart city. However, the implementation still suffers political willingness.

An Empirical Study on the Influence of Citizen Information Literacy on Smart City Construction under COVID-19 Epidemic

Objectives: The information epidemic caused by COVID-19 in 2019 makes it difficult to find accurate sources or reliable guidance when people need information. During the outbreak of an epidemic, citizens' information literacy level not only affects people's access to relevant information, but also affects how people take timely and appropriate actions after obtaining the correct information. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the impact of citizens' information acquisition ability, information evaluation and utilization and information ethics on urban public health emergencies, and to realize the people-oriented core concept of smart city and improve the construction effect of smart city. Methods: Based on the evaluation standard of information literacy for smart city, this paper constructs a structural equation model of citizens' information literacy and smart city for empirical analysis. Results: The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between citizens' information literacy and smart city construction. Conclusions: Improving citizens' information literacy level can effectively promote the development of smart city construction.

The effect of green roof configurations including trees in a subtropical climate: A co-simulation parametric study

There is an increased interest in including green roofs in building legislation to enable green infrastructure and improve the built environments. Yet, trees on buildings in particular, have received little attention. This paper presents a parametric study on the effect of nine green roof configurations on outdoor and indoor temperatures and the associated cooling demand under three urban densities by coupling ENVI-met and EnergyPlus simulation software. This study is novel as it introduces the performance of green roof configurations that include canopy trees and compares their performance with typical green roofs that include only low canopy vegetation. Results show that 1) green roof performance has a greater impact on reducing indoor rather than outdoor temperatures; 2) green roofs with trees perform better compared with green roof configurations without trees, reducing the indoor temperature by up to 7.20 °C and air conditioning electric loads by 60%; 3) green roofs with trees excel in thermal performance compared with typical green roofs, even if the latter have a higher green coverage percentage. Therefore, the authors recommend using green roof performance for green building rating and legislation instead of using green coverage percentage. Furthermore, as green roof performance varies with urban density and building type, the authors suggest specifying the most appropriate green roof configuration for each neighbourhood in smart city models to maximise the benefits and address the city's needs.

Implementing Smart City Technologies to Inspire Change in Consumer Energy Behaviour

One of the main challenges in smart city models is consumer behaviour, namely guiding the efforts to promote optimal use of energy in the dynamics of the developing cities, through lower energy consumption without impact on the comfort level. This relates to all energy vectors and can be done through different means. The uptake stage of smart metering and information and communication technologies (ICT) varies in different countries, creating the need for tailored innovative approaches in motivating behavioural change. This paper presents the work carried out within the joint research project ITCity (an ICT platform for sustainable energy ecosystem in smart cities) between the European Union and Latin American Countries. Cooperation of energy researchers and experts in ICT and application developers facilitates adoption of a multipurpose interdisciplinary approach. This work aims at providing the smart city and energy research and innovation community broader understanding of factors influencing adoption of energy efficiency technologies. Different ways of guiding optimal energy use are addressed elaborating on the building blocks for a smart city which consider load patterns based on high resolution, high reporting rate measurements, extensive consumer surveys, available communication solution analysis and end-user interaction with the ICT tool based on gamification principles.