Smart Carriers Research Articles

Investigation of aluminum nitrate nanotube as the smart carriers for targeted delivery of gemcitabine anti-lung cancer drug

The potential of aluminum nitrate nanotube as a drug carrier for anti-lung cancer drug gemcitabine is examined based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption geometries of gemcitabine drug onto the surface of nanotube are investigated for various orientation in order to attain the most stable configuration. Significant interaction is observed between the double bonded oxygen atom of the gemcitabine drug and aluminum atom of the nanocage. The charge transfer analysis indicates that there is significant interaction along with considerable charge transfer between gemcitabine and the aluminum nitrate nanotube. The electronic properties such as highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals energy levels, energy gap, chemical hardness, chemical potential, electrophilicity index, and dipole moment for the best three configurations of the complexation are examined. The recovery time calculations are also performed at 298.15 K temperature in order to study the drug desorption process on the targeted site. The stability of the complex is compared in both gas and aqueous medium. Eventually, this work interprets that aluminum nitrate nanotube can be considered to be suitable candidates for delivering gemcitabine anti-lung cancer drug in a biological system.

Advances in Light-Responsive Smart Multifunctional Nanofibers: Implications for Targeted Drug Delivery and Cancer Therapy.

Over the last decade, scientists have shifted their focus to the development of smart carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutics in order to overcome the problems associated with traditional chemotherapy, such as poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability, low selectivity and targeting specificity, off-target drug side effects, and damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Nanofiber-based drug delivery systems have recently emerged as a promising drug delivery system in cancer therapy owing to their unique structural and functional properties, including tunable interconnected porosity, a high surface-to-volume ratio associated with high entrapment efficiency and drug loading capacity, and high mass transport properties, which allow for controlled and targeted drug delivery. In addition, they are biocompatible, biodegradable, and capable of surface functionalization, allowing for target-specific delivery and drug release. One of the most common fiber production methods is electrospinning, even though the relatively two-dimensional (2D) tightly packed fiber structures and low production rates have limited its performance. Forcespinning is an alternative spinning technology that generates high-throughput, continuous polymeric nanofibers with 3D structures. Unlike electrospinning, forcespinning generates fibers by centrifugal forces rather than electrostatic forces, resulting in significantly higher fiber production. The functionalization of nanocarriers on nanofibers can result in smart nanofibers with anticancer capabilities that can be activated by external stimuli, such as light. This review addresses current trends and potential applications of light-responsive and dual-stimuli-responsive electro- and forcespun smart nanofibers in cancer therapy, with a particular emphasis on functionalizing nanofiber surfaces and developing nano-in-nanofiber emerging delivery systems for dual-controlled drug release and high-precision tumor targeting. In addition, the progress and prospective diagnostic and therapeutic applications of light-responsive and dual-stimuli-responsive smart nanofibers are discussed in the context of combination cancer therapy.

Efficient biocompatible drug carrier: Lignin-based nanogel amplifies Curcumin's cytotoxic effects and induces apoptosis in brain and lung cancer cell lines

This study focuses on the biological effects of size-tunable nanogel based on the natural polymer named lignin. The flexibility of the nanogel to act under variable conditions makes it a promising smart carrier in nanomedicine. Through the “grafting from” approach, it was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method, loaded with curcumin (an anticancer herbal compound) and has been applied to treat two cell lines (A549 and U87MG). Treatment of cells with free curcumin and curcumin-loaded nanogel demonstrated significant differences in IC50 values. The values of free curcumin were 48.23 μM for A549 cells and 36.54 μM for U87MG cells, while the values of curcumin-loaded nanogel were 25.95 μM for A549 cells and 25.65 μM for U87MG cells, respectively. This indicates that the nanogels enhanced the cytotoxic effects of curcumin on both cancerous cell lines.Furthermore, the expression of apoptosis associated genes was evaluated. Under the effects of curcumin-loaded nanogel, the expression of caspase 3 and caspase 9 genes in the A549 cell line increased by 2.3-fold and 1.41-fold, respectively. Additionally, the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax increased by 1.29-fold, while the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 decreased by 0.315-fold. Similarly, in U87MG cells, the expression of caspase 3 and caspase 9 genes increased by 6.49-fold and 2.08-fold, respectively, while Bcl2 decreased by 0.023-fold. The changes in gene expression patterns indicate the induction of apoptosis in both cell lines when exposed to curcumin-loaded nanogels. The results of flow cytometry confirmed an increase in apoptosis in the presence of curcumin-loaded nanogels.

Review of NIR-responsive ''Smart'' carriers for photothermal chemotherapy.

This review focuses on the versatile applications of near-infrared (NIR)-responsive smart carriers in biomedical applications, particularly drug delivery and photothermal chemotherapy. These carriers demonstrate multi-responsive theranostics capabilities, including pH-dependent drug release, targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics, heat-mediated drug release, and photothermal tumor damage. Biological samples are transparent to NIR light with a suitable wavelength, and therefore, NIR light is advantageous for deep-tissue penetration. It also generates sufficient heat in tissue samples, which is beneficial for on-demand NIR-responsive drug delivery in vivo systems. The development of biocompatible materials with sufficient NIR light absorption properties and drug-carrying functionality has shown tremendous growth in the last five years. Thus, this review offers insights into the current research development of NIR-responsive materials with therapeutic potential and prospects aimed at overcoming challenges to improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety in the dynamic field of NIR-responsive drug delivery.

Composite Microgels Loaded with Doxorubicin-Conjugated Amine-Functionalized Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles for Stimuli-Responsive Sustained Drug Release.

The purpose of this study is to address the need for efficient drug delivery with high drug encapsulation efficiency and sustained drug release. We aim to create nanoparticle-loaded microgels for potential applications in treatment development. We adopted the process of ionic gelation to generate microgels from sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose. These microgels were loaded with doxorubicin-conjugated amine-functionalized zinc ferrite nanoparticles (AZnFe-NPs). The systems were characterized using various techniques. Toxicity was evaluated in MCF-7 cells. In vitro release studies were conducted at different pH levels at 37 oC, with the drug release kinetics being analyzed using various models. The drug encapsulation efficiency of the created carriers was as high as 70%. The nanoparticle-loaded microgels exhibited pH-responsive behavior and sustained drug release. Drug release from them was mediated via a non-Fickian type of diffusion. Given their high drug encapsulation efficiency, sustained drug release and pH-responsiveness, our nanoparticle-loaded microgels show promise as smart carriers for future treatment applications. Further development and research can significantly benefit the field of drug delivery and treatment development.

Computational quantum mechanical investigation of the functionalized AlN nanotube as the smart carriers for levodopa drug delivery: a DFT analysis

Computational quantum mechanical investigation of the functionalized AlN nanotube as the smart carriers for levodopa drug delivery: a DFT analysis

Opinion: Hybrid nanoparticle systems – Two-way delivery approach for agriculture

Nanometric carriers have great potential for promoting agrochemical target delivery and dose reduction while transforming agriculture into a more sustainable environment. Many nanoplatforms, such as metal, polymeric, clay, and carbon-based, are developed differently. However, new possibilities of a mixture between nanomaterials are explored by scientists called hybrid nanoparticles. The information about these nanosystems was focused on development and characterization, target and non-target effects, and uptake of nanoparticles applied to reach root or foliar pathways in plants. In this scenario, a lack of application possibilities exists and can be explored more in the future. Hybrid nanoparticles can be developed as smart carrier to deliver nanoparticles and agrochemicals in a two-way approach for uptake by root and foliar routes simultaneously in plants. The advance of nanocarrier strategies depends on the design of nanoparticles considering nanomaterial and agrochemical characteristics and target plants. The main gaps and recent reports are discussed here. Furthermore, platforms have been suggested to enable two-way delivery for agricultural applications in more sustainable farming systems.

Molecular View on the iRGD Peptide Binding Mechanism: Implications for Integrin Activity and Selectivity Profiles.

Receptor-selective peptides are widely used as smart carriers for specific tumor-targeted delivery. A remarkable example is the cyclic nonapeptide iRGD (CRGDKPGDC, 1) that couples intrinsic cytotoxic effects with striking tumor-homing properties. These peculiar features are based on a rather complex multistep mechanism of action, where the primary event is the recognition of RGD integrins. Despite the high number of preclinical studies and the recent success of a phase I trial for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), there is little information available about the iRGD three-dimensional (3D) structure and integrin binding properties. Here, we re-evaluate the peptide's affinity for cancer-related integrins including not only the previously known targets αvβ3 and αvβ5 but also the αvβ6 isoform, which is known to drive cell growth, migration, and invasion in many malignancies including PDAC. Furthermore, we use parallel tempering in the well-tempered ensemble (PT-WTE) metadynamics simulations to characterize the in-solution conformation of iRGD and extensive molecular dynamics calculations to fully investigate its binding mechanism to integrin partners. Finally, we provide clues for fine-tuning the peptide's potency and selectivity profile, which, in turn, may further improve its tumor-homing properties.

Fabrication and Applications of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Herbal Drug Delivery and Targeting

Background and objective: In the pharmaceutical era, nanoscience and nanotechnology have been revolutionary as substantial and scientific growth with the development of several innovative nanocarriers to amplify the therapeutic worth. In particular, the invention of nanomedicine is impetuous to developing nanocarriers, enabling the phytoconstituents to encapsulate within the smart carrier to boost nanotherapeutics. Thus, herbal drugs molded-in novel nanocarriers have been extensively investigated as they are the most promising drug delivery system. Herbal-based polymeric nanoparticles are the most prominent and emerging polymeric nanocarrier that have gained much research attention in the field of novel drug delivery systems. Methods: In herbal drug delivery technologies, the advancement of phytopharmacological science has led to the elucidation of the composition of phytoconstituents and their biological activities. By fabricating herbal medicaments in nano-size-form, there are considerable chances to circumvent poor bioavailability, in vivo degradation and toxicity, uneven drug distribution, intestinal absorption, and non-specific site of action. The combinatorial strategy of employing both herbal drugs and nanotechnology enables potentiation of the therapeutics, reducing the required dose and unwanted toxic effects. The herbal nanosystem has the potential to convey the active constituents in a controlled manner to the targeted site with greater therapeutic value compared to the conventional system. In this current manuscript, sterling efforts were made to gather information from the existing original research papers using databases viz., Google Scholar, Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Baidu, Web of Science, etc. Furthermore, painstaking efforts were made to compile and update potential pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications of herbal-based polymeric nanoparticles in the form of tables. This article portrays a comprehensive recent finding that formulation scientists are working on novel herbal nanocarriers to pave the way for future research in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology. Conclusion: The herbal extracts encapsulated within the nanocapsule or nanosphere are an effective and emerging way for the herbal drug delivery to the intended site of action with pronounced therapeutic worth. Therefore, extensive scientific research is still being carried out in the field of herbal drug technology, which offers several positive aspects to impart the phytoconstituents to the intended sites and is a considerably promising herbal drug delivery system for controlled drug delivery and targeting.

P‐175: AI‐based Multimodal Architecture for Video Anomaly Detection in Large OLED Panel Manufacturing

This paper proposes an AI‐based multimodal architecture for anomaly detection in a video footage of a smart carrier which is used for monitoring alignment status, grinding of rollers and vibration of a carrier for manufacturing line of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) panels. The proposed multimodal architecture has a two‐stream structure. The first stream extracts a candidate anomaly region in image frames sampled from the video by DL‐based segmentation. Thereafter, the candidate region is determined whether it is a true failure or not by comparing the region with a reference image which was previously obtained in a normal setup status. The second stream calculates a dense optical flow with sparse areas using consecutive video frames. By observing change between (n)th, reference, (n‐3)th and (n‐7)th images, it is determined with sound analysis whether the smart carrier experiences vibration during movement. The overall detection rate of three anomalies is 97%, and processing takes only 40% of total video time.

A core-satellite MOF-on-MOF hybrid for intelligent delivery of multi-agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture

Intelligent delivery formulations of agrochemicals have had a great impact on improving utilization efficiency, reducing chemical usage and easing the risk on the environment. However, constructing smart carriers for multi-agrochemicals to simultaneously control multiple botanic diseases, remains a challenge. In this study, a core-satellite MOF-on-MOF hybrid was designed for intelligent pest and fungus management. Zirconium-based metal–organic framework (UIO) nanoparticles were synthesized as metal–organic framework (MOF) cores to load the insecticide dinotefuran (DNF). Subsequently, a fungicide tebuconazole (Teb) loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) was formed in situ as MOF satellites. The loading contents of DNF and Teb were 6.87% and 8.59%, respectively. DNF released rapidly under alkaline conditions corresponding to the microenvironment of pests, whereas Teb released preferentially under acidic environment. The EC95 of the MOF-on-MOF hybrid against Exserohilum turcicum was 3.5 times lower than that of Teb alone. After 48 h, the mortality of armyworm treated with 3.0 mg/L MOF-on-MOF hybrid was 87%. The UV resistances of DNF and Teb were 7.0 and 1.9 times higher, respectively, than that of the free pesticides. This work provides a facile technology for precise delivery of multi-agrochemicals, holding substantial promise for sustainable agriculture.

Bacterial Membrane Vesicles as Smart Drug Delivery and Carrier Systems: A New Nanosystems Tool for Current Anticancer and Antimicrobial Therapy.

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are known to be critical communication tools in several pathophysiological processes between bacteria and host cells. Given this situation, BMVs for transporting and delivering exogenous therapeutic cargoes have been inspiring as promising platforms for developing smart drug delivery systems (SDDSs). In the first section of this review paper, starting with an introduction to pharmaceutical technology and nanotechnology, we delve into the design and classification of SDDSs. We discuss the characteristics of BMVs including their size, shape, charge, effective production and purification techniques, and the different methods used for cargo loading and drug encapsulation. We also shed light on the drug release mechanism, the design of BMVs as smart carriers, and recent remarkable findings on the potential of BMVs for anticancer and antimicrobial therapy. Furthermore, this review covers the safety of BMVs and the challenges that need to be overcome for clinical use. Finally, we discuss the recent advancements and prospects for BMVs as SDDSs and highlight their potential in revolutionizing the fields of nanomedicine and drug delivery. In conclusion, this review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art field of BMVs as SDDSs, encompassing their design, composition, fabrication, purification, and characterization, as well as the various strategies used for targeted delivery. Considering this information, the aim of this review is to provide researchers in the field with a comprehensive understanding of the current state of BMVs as SDDSs, enabling them to identify critical gaps and formulate new hypotheses to accelerate the progress of the field.

Sustainable pulling motion of an active scatterer

In this paper, we concern the generation of attractive net motion with respect to the location of external wave source for active spherical carriers. Here we recall that the exerted acoustic radiation force in an acoustic field resulting from an incident wave, a scattered wave, and the radiated wave from the active carrier, can be positive, negative, or zero based on the location of the object in the field. Thus, in a general case, sustainable pulling motion is not guaranteed. In this work, by considering the point that the average of the radiation force for an object active in a single mode, over a complete wavelength, is equal to the radiation force applied to a passive object (which is always positive), we put forward a technique to generate acoustic radiation force with a negative average over a complete wavelength to ensure that the net motion is attractive. The idea here is to simultaneously excite of the object in two modes of breathing and first, with a difference in the phase of excitations. We will also show that by controlling the phase difference, the average of the force exerted on the object can be positive, negative or zero. Moreover, we show that for specific phase differences not only the average of the force is negative but also the force itself never experiences a positive value in a whole wavelength at those phase differences, which this can be a desired state to achieve a perfect negative net motion. The formulation of the paper is developed based on the velocity distribution over the surface of the sphere, but an implementation method with piezoelectric actuators is suggested. Here, by setting the zero-radiation force state (i.e., radiation force function cancellation) as a reasonable criterion for determination of the required amplitude for surface velocity or the operation voltage, we calculate the averaged force vs the frequency and the phase difference. The current work, with the hope of achieving complete maneuverability extends the concept of manipulation of smart carriers and reinforces the literature on single beam acoustic handling techniques.

Glucosamine conjugated iron oxide and graphene oxide nanohybrid for smart drug delivery

AbstractSmart drug delivery systems have attracted a lot of attention as one of the new treatment methods for cancer. In this study, a smart drug delivery system carrying anticancer drugs was obtained by the intelligent synthesis of glucosamine (GA)‐functionalized graphene oxide (GO)‐based iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@GO‐GA) using Hummers and chemical co‐precipitation processes. Nanohybrids have a high surface area (280.26 m2/g) and superparamagnetic behaviour (Ms = 26.017 emu/g), indicating a significant loading capacity (373.78 mg/mg) and efficiency (96.3%) for pharmaceutical loading. An adsorption study of conventional daunorubicin (DNR) on this carrier showed that the drug release is more prone to occur under acidic conditions (pH = 5.5), at moderately high temperatures (T = 40°C), and in the absence of smart carriers. The toxicity of the smart nanohybrids was examined using the sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay in Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 (MCF‐7) cell lines. The rate of death of cells exposed to smart drug‐containing systems in comparison to the systems without GA shows that GA reduces the toxicity of Fe3O4@GO.

Smart delivery systems for microbial biofilm therapy: Dissecting design, drug release and toxicological features.

Bacterial biofilms are highly protected surface attached communities of bacteria that typically cause chronic infections. To address their recalcitrance to antibiotics and minimise side effects of current therapies, smart drug carriers are being explored as promising platforms for antimicrobials. Herein, we briefly summarize recent efforts and considerations that have been applied in the design of these smart carriers. We guide readers on a journey on how they can leverage the inherent biofilm microenvironment, external stimuli, or combine both types of stimuli in a predictable manner. The specific carrier features that are responsible for their 'on-demand' properties are detailed and their impact on antibiofilm property are further discussed. Moreover, an analysis on the impact of such features on drug release profiles is provided. Since nanotechnology represents a significant slice of the drug delivery cake, some insights on the potential toxicity are also depicted. We hope that this review inspires researchers to use their knowledge and creativity to design responsive systems that can eradicate biofilm infections.

Pore Space Partition Approach of ZIF-8 for pH Responsive Codelivery of Ursolic Acid and 5-Fluorouracil

Metal–organic frameworks are smart carriers for controlled drug delivery due to large surface area and adjustable pore size. Current approaches can hardly utilize the pore space of MOFs thoroughly, greatly causing the waste of pore space. Here, the Pore Space Partition (PSP) approach was employed to achieve the effective encapsulation and pH-controlled codelivery of two guest molecules. The pore space of ZIF-8 was partitioned by encapsulation of the large molecule ursolic acid (UA), and the remaining pore space was filled with the small molecule 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), obtaining 5-FU&UA@ZIF-8 with high loading capacity of UA (12.80 wt %) and 5-FU (11.20 wt %). Accompanied by the collapse of ZIF-8 in acidic surroundings, 5-FU&UA@ZIF-8 exhibited the pH-controlled UA delivery. To our surprise, 5-FU&UA@ZIF-8 also showed the pH responsive 5-FU delivery, which did not exist before pore space partition by UA. Codelivery of 5-FU and UA enable 5-FU&UA@ZIF-8 to have good anticancer performance against 4T1 cells.

PH-Responsive Drug Delivery Nanoplatforms as Smart Carriers of Unsymmetrical Bisacridines for Targeted Cancer Therapy.

Selective therapy and controlled drug release at an intracellular level remain key challenges for effective cancer treatment. Here, we employed folic acid (FA) as a self-navigating molecule in nanoconjugates containing quantum dots (QDs) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) for the delivery of antitumor unsymmetrical bisacridine compound (C-2028) to lung and prostate cancers as well as normal cells. The bisacridine derivative can form the inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin molecule, due to the presence of a planar fragment in its structure. The stability of such a complex is pH-dependent. The drug release profile at different pH values and the mechanism of C-2028 release from QDs-β-CD-FA nanoconjugates were investigated. Next, the intracellular fate of compounds and their influence on lysosomal content in the cells were also studied. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy studies proved that all investigated compounds were delivered to acidic organelles, the pH of which promoted an increased release of C-2028 from its nanoconjugates. Since the pH in normal cells is higher than in cancer cells, the release of C-2028 from its nanoconjugates is decreased in these cells. Additionally, we obtained the concentration profiles of C-2028 in the selected cells treated with unbound C-2028 or nanoconjugate by the HPLC analysis.

Efficient loading and delivery of ciprofloxacin by smart alginate/carboxylated graphene oxide/aminated chitosan composite microbeads: In vitro release and kinetic studies

New composite microbeads were formulated as smart pH-sensitive vehicle for efficient delivery of ciprofloxacin (CIP) drug. Herein, carboxylated graphene oxide (CGO) was successfully impregnated into alginate (Alg) microbeads, which were then coated with aminated chitosan (AmCs) layer to form core–shell Alg/CGO@AmCs composite microbeads. Diverse analysis tools comprising FTIR, TGA, XRD and SEM were employed to characterize the developed carriers, while their swelling profiles and pH-sensitivity were examined under different pHs. The results clarified that increasing CGO and AmCs concentrations in microbeads matrix greatly protected Alg microbeads from fast disintegration at colon pH and prolonged their swelling time. Moreover, about 94.65 % of CIP drug was successfully loaded by Alg/CGO@AmCs composite microbeads compared to 61.95 % for Alg microbeads, confirming their reduced porosity. The in vitro CIP-release profiles were investigated in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Furthermore, increasing AmCs concentration in the outer shell of composite microbeads clearly minimized the CIP burst release at the colon region and offered a sustained release performance. Besides, the CIP release mechanism was well-described by korsmeyer-peppas kinetic model. The cytotoxicity study confirmed the potential safety of the Alg/CGO@AmCs composite microbeads with human cell viability reached 98.98 %, suggesting their applicability as smart carriers for oral delivery of antibiotics.

Technical and engineering considerations for designing therapeutics and delivery systems.

The newly-emerged pathological conditions and increased rates of drug resistance necessitate application of the state-of-the-art technologies for accelerated discovery of the therapeutic candidates and obtaining comprehensive knowledge about their targets, action mechanisms, and interactions within the body including those between the receptors and drugs. Using the physics- and chemistry-based modern techniques for theranostic purposes, preparing smart carriers, local delivery of genes or drugs, and enhancing pharmaceutical bioavailability could be of great value against the hard-to-treat diseases and growing drug resistance. Besides the artificial intelligence- and quantum-based techniques, crystal engineering capable of designing new molecules with appropriate characteristics, improving the stability and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, and efficient carrier development could play a crucial role in manufacturing efficient pharmaceuticals and reducing the adverse events. In this context, identifying the structures and behaviors of crystals and predicting their characteristics are of great value. Electron diffraction by accelerated analysis of the chemicals and sensitivity to charge alterations, electromechanical tools for controlled delivery of therapeutics, mechatronics via fabrication of multi-functional smart products including the organ-on-chip devices for healthcare applications, and optomechatronics by overcoming the limitations of conventional biomedical techniques could address the unmet biomedical requirements and facilitate development of more effective theranostics with improved outcomes.

Metal-organic framework based drug delivery systems as smart carriers for release of poorly soluble drugs hydrochlorothiazide and dapsone.

Drug delivery systems (DDSs) that are derived from biocompatible carriers are attractive platforms for sustained release of drugs. In particular, sustained and controlled release of poorly soluble BCS (Biopharmaceutics Classification System) class IV drugs is important and this requires the development of new DDSs. In this work, we exploit two porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-53(Fe) as carriers/DDSs for the release of two BCS class IV drugs hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and dapsone (DAP). The chosen MOFs are known to possess good physicochemical stability and we realized high drug loading capacity that is attributed to the high porosity of the MOFs. The drug-encapsulated MOFs were characterized thoroughly and our results show ∼23.1% loading of HCT in MIL-100(Fe) and ∼27.6% loading of DAP in MIL-Fe(53), respectively. The release study of these drugs was carried out under simulated physiological conditions that shows sustained release of the drug molecules from the MOFs up to 72 h. Cell viability studies through MTT assays show insignificant cytotoxicity signalling biocompatibility of the proposed DDSs. Our investigations suggest MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-53(Fe) are potential DDSs for enhancing the performance of poorly soluble drugs HCT and DAP.