Smart Care Research Articles

Keyword Network Analysis and Topic Modeling of News Articles Related to Artificial Intelligence and Nursing

The purpose of this study was to identify the main keywords, network properties, and main topics of news articles related to artificial intelligence technology in the field of nursing. After collecting artificial intelligence-and nursing-related news articles published between January 1, 1991, and July 24, 2022, keywords were extracted via preprocessing. A total of 3,267 articles were searched, and 2,996 were used for the final analysis. Text network analysis and topic modeling were performed using NetMiner 4.4. As a result of analyzing the frequency of appearance, the keywords used most frequently were education, medical robot, telecom, dementia, and the older adults living alone. Keyword network analysis revealed the following results: a density of 0.002, an average degree of 8.79, and an average distance of 2.43; the central keywords identified were 'education,' 'medical robot,' and 'fourth industry.' Five topics were derived from news articles related to artificial intelligence and nursing: 'Artificial intelligence nursing research and development in the health and medical field,' 'Education using artificial intelligence for children and youth care,' 'Nursing robot for older adults care,' 'Community care policy and artificial intelligence,' and 'Smart care technology in an aging society.' The use of artificial intelligence may be helpful among the local community, older adult, children, and adolescents. In particular, health management using artificial intelligence is indispensable now that we are facing a super-aging society. In the future, studies on nursing intervention and development of nursing programs using artificial intelligence should be conducted.

Improvement of the second NRC smart care space based on stakeholders’ participation

Improvement of the second NRC smart care space based on stakeholders’ participation

Translational research and service model development based on smart care space for people with severely disability

Translational research and service model development based on smart care space for people with severely disability

Technology Acceptance of a Mobile Application to Support Family Caregivers in a Long-Term Care Facility.

Family caregivers are unpaid individuals who provide care to people with chronic conditions or disabilities. Family caregivers generally do not have formal care-related training. However, they are an essential source of care. Mobile technologies can benefit family caregivers by strengthening communication with care staff and supporting the monitoring of care recipients. We conducted a mixed-method study to evaluate the acceptance and usability of a mobile technology called the Smart Care System. Using convenience sampling, we recruited 27 family caregivers to evaluate the mobile Smart Care System (mSCS). In the quantitative phase, we administered initial and exit questionnaires based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. In the qualitative phase, we conducted focus groups to explore family caregivers' perspectives and opinions on the usability of the mSCS. With the quantitative data, we employed univariate, bivariate, and partial least squares analyses, and we used content analysis with the qualitative data. We observed a high level of comfort using digital technologies among participants. On average, participants were caregivers for an average of 6.08 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.63), and their mean age was 56.65 years (SD = 11.62). We observed a high level of technology acceptance among family caregivers (7.69, SD = 2.11). Behavioral intention (β = 0.509, p-value = 0.004) and facilitating conditions (β = 0.310, p-value = 0.049) were statistically significant and related to usage behavior. In terms of qualitative results, participants reported that the mobile application supported care coordination and communication with staff and provided peace of mind to family caregivers. The technology showed high technology acceptance and intention to use among family caregivers in a long-term care setting. Facilitating conditions influenced acceptance. Therefore, it would be important to identify and optimize these conditions to ensure technology uptake.

An Intelligent Multimodal Biometric Authentication Model for Personalised Healthcare Services

With the advent of modern technologies, the healthcare industry is moving towards a more personalised smart care model. The enablers of such care models are the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). These technologies collect and analyse data from persons in care to alert relevant parties if any anomaly is detected in a patient’s regular pattern. However, such reliance on IoT devices to capture continuous data extends the attack surfaces and demands high-security measures. Both patients and devices need to be authenticated to mitigate a large number of attack vectors. The biometric authentication method has been seen as a promising technique in these scenarios. To this end, this paper proposes an AI-based multimodal biometric authentication model for single and group-based users’ device-level authentication that increases protection against the traditional single modal approach. To test the efficacy of the proposed model, a series of AI models are trained and tested using physiological biometric features such as ECG (Electrocardiogram) and PPG (Photoplethysmography) signals from five public datasets available in Physionet and Mendeley data repositories. The multimodal fusion authentication model shows promising results with 99.8% accuracy and an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 0.16.

Technology Acceptance and Usability of a Mobile App to Support the Workflow of Health Care Aides Who Provide Services to Older Adults: Pilot Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundHealth care aides are unlicensed support personnel who provide direct care, personal assistance, and support to people with health conditions. The shortage of health care aides has been attributed to recruitment challenges, high turnover, an aging population, the COVID-19 pandemic, and low retention rates. Mobile apps are among the many information communication technologies that are paving the way for eHealth solutions to help address this workforce shortage by enhancing the workflow of health care aides. In collaboration with Clinisys EMR Inc, we developed a mobile app (Mobile Smart Care System [mSCS]) to support the workflow of health care aides who provide services to older adult residents of a long-term care facility.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the technology acceptance and usability of a mobile app in a real-world environment, while it is used by health care aides who provide services to older adults.MethodsThis pilot study used a mixed methods design: sequential mixed methods (QUANTITATIVE, qualitative). Our study included a pre– and post–paper-based questionnaire with no control group (QUAN). Toward the end of the study, 2 focus groups were conducted with a subsample of health care aides (qual, qualitative description design). Technology acceptance and usability questionnaires used a 5-point Likert scale ranging from disagree (1) to agree (5). The items included in the questionnaires were validated in earlier research as having high levels of internal consistency for the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology constructs. A total of 60 health care aides who provided services to older adults as part of their routine caseloads used the mobile app for 1 month. Comparisons of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology constructs’ summative scores at pretest and posttest were calculated using a paired t test (2-tailed). We used the partial least squares structural regression model to determine the factors influencing mobile app acceptance and usability for health care aides. The α level of significance for all tests was set at P≤.05 (2-tailed).ResultsWe found that acceptance of the mSCS was high among health care aides, performance expectancy construct was the strongest predictor of intention to use the mSCS, intention to use the mSCS predicted usage behavior. The qualitative data support the quantitative findings and showed health care aides’ strong belief that the mSCS was useful, portable, and reliable, although there were still opportunities for improvement, especially with regard to the mSCS user interface.ConclusionsOverall, these results support the assertion that mSCS technology acceptance and usability are high among health care aides. In other words, health care aides perceived that the mSCS assisted them in addressing their workflow issues.

Post-COVID-19 Tourists' Preferences, Attitudes and Travel Expectations: A Study in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Expectations about a destination influence the tourist experience during the travel process stages. In the post-COVID-19 normalcy, people are adjusting their priorities and social values. Therefore, it becomes crucial to identify tourists’ expectations before traveling. The objectives of this research were: (a) identify the preferences of tourists; (b) establish the attitudes of tourists; and (c) determine the expectations of tourists for post-COVID-19 destination selection. The study analyzed a sample of 491 people during pandemic lockdowns in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Statistical techniques such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used in data analysis. The results show that after the pandemic, tourists prefer urban tourism, followed by cultural tourism and traveling with relatives. It also shows a more responsible and supportive attitude when traveling. Likewise, the results support the dimensional structure that explains a set of post-pandemic tourist expectations. Five factors were identified: Smart Care, pricing strategy, safety, comfort, and social distancing. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications of the results that will guide for tourism destination managers were discussed.

The Mindset and Realization of Precision Care Provided by the Science of Ambient-Assisted Living

Smart care has become a trend in care institutions and households in recent years. Ambient-assisted living (AAL) has been a topic of increased academic interest over the past decade in line with societal aging and the proliferation of internet and mobile technologies. At the extreme end of AAL is "over-science", a situation in which human functions are over replaced by scientific technologies. This may not only jeopardize the health of older individuals but exacerbate the progress of their dysfunctions by ignoring their desire for self-respect and autonomy. Therefore, the aim of AAL should be to create a web ecosystem rather instead of creating a linearly clustered combination of computerized gadgets.

Voice-based control system for smart hospital wards: a pilot study of patient acceptance

BackgroundThe smart hospital's concept of using the Internet of Things (IoT) to reduce human resources demand has become more popular in the aging society.ObjectiveTo implement the voice smart care (VSC) system in hospital wards and explore patient acceptance via the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).MethodsA structured questionnaire based on TAM was developed and validated as a research tool. Only the patients hospitalized in the VSC wards and who used it for more than two days were invited to fill the questionnaire. Statistical variables were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. A total of 30 valid questionnaires were finally obtained after excluding two incomplete questionnaires. Cronbach’s α values for all study constructs were above 0.84.ResultWe observed that perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness, perceived usefulness on user satisfaction and attitude toward using, and attitude toward using on behavioral intention to use had statistical significance (p < .01), respectively.ConclusionWe have successfully developed the VSC system in a Taiwanese academic medical center. Our study indicated that perceived usefulness was a crucial factor, which means the system function should precisely meet the patients' demands. Additionally, a clever system design is important since perceived ease of use positively affects perceived usefulness. The insight generated from this study could be beneficial to hospitals when implementing similar systems to their wards.

Developing an AI-Enabled Integrated Care Platform for Frailty.

Informal care is considered to be important for the wellbeing and resilience of the elderly. However, solutions for the effective collaboration of healthcare professionals, patients, and informal caregivers are not yet widely available. The purpose of this paper is to present the development of a digital platform that uses innovative tools and artificial intelligence technologies to support care coordination and shared care planning for elder care, with a particular focus on frailty. The challenges of shared care planning in the coordination of frailty care are demonstrated, followed by presentation of the design and technical architecture of an integrated platform. The platform incorporates all elements essential for the support of daily activities, coordinated care, and timely interventions in case of emergency and need. This paper describes the challenges involved in implementing the platform and concludes by reporting the necessary steps required in order to establish effective smart care for the elderly.

Ethical considerations in design and implementation of home-based smart care for dementia.

It has now become a realistic prospect for smart care to be provided at home for those living with long-term conditions such as dementia. In the contemporary smart care scenario, homes are fitted with an array of sensors for remote monitoring providing data that feed into intelligent systems developed to highlight concerning patterns of behaviour or physiological measurements and to alert healthcare professionals to the need for action. This paper explores some ethical issues that may arise within such smart care systems, focusing on the extent to which ethical issues can be addressed at the system design stage. Artificial intelligence has been widely portrayed as an ethically risky technology, posing challenges for privacy and human autonomy and with the potential to introduce and exacerbate bias and inequality. While broad principles for ethical artificial intelligence have become established, the mechanisms for governing ethical artificial intelligence are still evolving. In healthcare settings the implementation of smart technologies falls within the existing frameworks for ethical review and governance. Feeding into this ethical review there are many practical steps that designers can take to build ethical considerations into the technology. After exploring the pre-emptive steps that can be taken in design and governance to provide for an ethical smart care system, the paper reviews the potential for further ethical challenges to arise within the everyday implementation of smart care systems in the context of dementia, despite the best efforts of all concerned to pre-empt them. The paper concludes with an exploration of the dilemmas that may thus face healthcare professionals involved in implementing this kind of smart care and with a call for further research to explore ethical dimensions of smart care both in terms of general principles and lived experience.

Multiple Participants' Discrete Activity Recognition in a Well-Controlled Environment Using Universal Software Radio Peripheral Wireless Sensing.

Wireless sensing is the utmost cutting-edge way of monitoring different health-related activities and, concurrently, preserving most of the privacy of individuals. To meet future needs, multi-subject activity monitoring is in demand, whether it is for smart care centres or homes. In this paper, a smart monitoring system for different human activities is proposed based on radio-frequency sensing integrated with ensemble machine learning models. The ensemble technique can recognise a wide range of activity based on alterations in the wireless signal’s Channel State Information (CSI). The proposed system operates at 3.75 GHz, and up to four subjects participated in the experimental study in order to acquire data on sixteen distinct daily living activities: sitting, standing, and walking. The proposed methodology merges subject count and performed activities, resulting in occupancy count and activity performed being recognised at the same time. To capture alterations owing to concurrent multi-subject motions, the CSI amplitudes collected from 51 subcarriers of the wireless signals were processed and merged. To distinguish multi-subject activity, a machine learning model based on an ensemble learning technique was designed and trained using the acquired CSI data. For maximum activity classes, the proposed approach attained a high average accuracy of up to 98%. The presented system has the ability to fulfil prospective health activity monitoring demands and is a viable solution towards well-being tracking.

Research on the construction of smart care question answering system based on knowledge graph

With the deepening of aging in China, the demand of intelligent care system for the elderly is increasing day by day. The rapid development of information technology and artificial intelligence technology have gradually promoted the transformation of traditional care services from artificial to intelligent. Based on knowledge graph technology, this study built a knowledge graph model for elderly chronic disease smart care. The specific process includes ontology design, knowledge extraction, knowledge graph construction and question answering system design. The uniqueness of the knowledge graph in this paper is that it uses specific information about the elderly and data from professional care books. It is well guaranteed in practicality and reliability.With the help of the knowledge map constructed in this paper, primary care staff can effectively query high-quality and customized chronic disease care knowledge.

Ambient Intelligence Supporting Health and Social Care Services in Smart Care Settings: Literature Review and Research Agenda

In ageing cities and communities, there are increasing numbers of frail and disabled older adults suffering from multimorbidity and declining functional abilities. This deterioration can cause difficulties in carrying out essential activities of daily living and put older adults at risk of accidents. Age-friendly smart urban environments, supported by telecare services with embedded ambient intelligence, will be an essential part of how ageing societies will maintain and improve the quality of life of the growing number of residents with declining functional abilities and reduce the public financing of the long-term care services - reducing the needed number of caregivers. A review of relevant literature has shown that telecare supported by smart environments is an under-researched topic and that a central gap includes the lack of research on the integration of telecare services into the healthcare and long-term care systems. In the numerical example we also show how it influence a possible reduction of human resources in rural areas.

A Longitudinal Study of Older Adults’ Acceptance of Robot Companions and Their Effects on Well-Being

Robotic animal-like companions for older adults are promising technologies that have shown to have health benefits, especially for individuals with dementia, and good adoption rates in some previous studies. Our project, Affordable Robotic Intelligence for Elderly Support, aims to design new capabilities for companionship and smart care, but at high affordability. In a 6-month longitudinal study of baseline acceptance and well-being, we assessed the impact of an Ageless Innovation Joy for All™ robotic pet on user acceptance and emotional well-being (depression, loneliness, positive emotions). Nineteen participants from independent and assisted living facilities completed three standardized in-person surveys, each 3 months apart, including the CES-D, measures of Loneliness, Emotions, Attitude towards Technology (ATI), and various measures of evaluation of and engagement with robotic technology. The measures showed modest to very good reliability and meaningful construct validity. Participants in this sample showed little depression or loneliness, and these levels did not further decrease over the six months. People welcomed the pet and expressed positive evaluations of it, and these sentiments were stable over time. Attitudes toward technology varied but were unrelated to well-being measures and to robot evaluations. Our current conclusion, on the basis of a small sample, is that the selected robotic pet companion is appreciated and seen as beneficial, and for adults who are already low in depression and loneliness, the robot companion helps maintain the adult’s emotional well-being but does not further increase it.

Mobile Robots and RFID Technology-Based Smart Care Environment for Minimizing Risks Related to Employee Turnover during Pandemics

During a pandemic, it is imperative that all staff members have up-to-date information on changing work practices in the healthcare environment. This article presents a way to implement work environment orientation amongst different groups in care facilities by utilizing mobile robots, radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies, and data synthesis. We offer a scenario based on a co-design approach, in which a mobile robot works as an orientation guide for new employees, RFID tags are applied on objects around the premises and people’s clothing. The mobile robot takes advantage of the information provided by its known location and each RFID tag read by the RFID reader integrated with the robot. We introduce the scenario here, along with the details of its practical test implementation. Further, the challenges met in the test implementation are discussed as well as the future potential of its application. In conclusion, our study indicates that repetitive training and orientation-related duties can be successfully transferred to a mobile robot. Through RFID, the mobile robot can deliver the relevant information to the right people and thus contribute to patient and personnel safety and the resource efficiency of the orientation process.

Views on Using Social Robots in Professional Caregiving: Content Analysis of a Scenario Method Workshop.

BackgroundInterest in digital technologies in the health care sector is growing and can be a way to reduce the burden on professional caregivers while helping people to become more independent. Social robots are regarded as a special form of technology that can be usefully applied in professional caregiving with the potential to focus on interpersonal contact. While implementation is progressing slowly, a debate on the concepts and applications of social robots in future care is necessary.ObjectiveIn addition to existing studies with a focus on societal attitudes toward social robots, there is a need to understand the views of professional caregivers and patients. This study used desired future scenarios to collate the perspectives of experts and analyze the significance for developing the place of social robots in care.MethodsIn February 2020, an expert workshop was held with 88 participants (health professionals and educators; [PhD] students of medicine, health care, professional care, and technology; patient advocates; software developers; government representatives; and research fellows) from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Using the scenario methodology, the possibilities of analog professional care (Analog Care), fully robotic professional care (Robotic Care), teams of robots and professional caregivers (Deep Care), and professional caregivers supported by robots (Smart Care) were discussed. The scenarios were used as a stimulus for the development of ideas about future professional caregiving. The discussion was evaluated using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe majority of the experts were in favor of care in which people are supported by technology (Deep Care) and developed similar scenarios with a focus on dignity-centeredness. The discussions then focused on the steps necessary for its implementation, highlighting a strong need for the development of eHealth competence in society, a change in the training of professional caregivers, and cross-sectoral concepts. The experts also saw user acceptance as crucial to the use of robotics. This involves the acceptance of both professional caregivers and care recipients.ConclusionsThe literature review and subsequent workshop revealed how decision-making about the value of social robots depends on personal characteristics related to experience and values. There is therefore a strong need to recognize individual perspectives of care before social robots become an integrated part of care in the future.

SURVEILLANCE FOR INDEPENDENCE: DISCURSIVE FRAMEWORKS IN SMART CARE FOR DEMENTIA

Smart technologies promise a future in which the care needed by vulnerable people can be delivered at a distance, informed by Internet of Things-enabled remote sensing and by artificial intelligence used to identify problematic patterns in physiological readings and behavioural data. In this context, surveillance is widely portrayed as a means to maintain the independence of those being monitored. This paper examines the promise of smart care through analysis of documentation from policy, from research and development settings and from marketing materials aimed at carers, people living with dementia and social care agencies in the UK. For informal carers, the monitoring carried out by smart care systems is predominantly framed as reassurance for the carer, while for the person living with dementia a reassurance is offered that there will be help at times of need. For healthcare professionals, lack of knowledge is positioned as a limiting factor on providing optimal care and hence the monitoring offered by smart care becomes an ethical responsibility in the search for improved care as well as a means to increased efficiency. While smart care aims to promote independence, this form of surveillance and the AI-generated predictions that are built upon it can offer imperatives to action that may act against autonomy. To evaluate ethical implications more fully we need to move beyond the promotional discourse to find out more about how people live with such systems and how these systems become a part of the relations of expertise and responsibility that pervade care.

The Value of Privacy in Smart Dementia Care: Empirical and Ethical

"To protect people with dementia (PwD) from harm, smart technologies are developed to monitor their everyday life and activities and to intervene if necessary. For example, such technologies comprise wearables or video sensors that rely on human-machine interaction. In the ethical and political debate, such monitoring devices are usually discussed under the aspect of privacy. Generally, privacy is understood as a right that entails an active and deliberate control over one’s own decisional, informational and topological concerns. In short, the right to privacy is closely connected to personal autonomy. However, this conception raises problems when applied to PwD. Due to cognitive decline, they lose the ability to actively control their own concerns so that it might seem as though they also forfeit their right to privacy. Yet, this contradicts common moral intuitions as well as empirical studies which suggest that PwD value privacy as an important part of their quality of life (Dichter 2016). Against this backdrop, our contribution explores the “value of privacy” (Rössler 2001) in the context of smart dementia care. First, we determine the limits of common understandings of privacy when applied to PwD. Starting from empirical studies on the subjective experience of PwD, we then discuss how the moral significance of privacy can be spelled out without tying it explicitly and exclusively to autonomy. On this basis, we discuss preconditions of privacy for PwD in smart dementia care settings, formulating recommendations for future technology development and smart dementia care. "

Praktik Khitan dengan Metode Sunathrone Klamp Perspektif Hukum Islam (Studi Kasus di Smart Care Center Makassar)

This study aimed to examine the practice of circumcision using the Sunathrone Klamp method at the Makassar Smart Care Center Clinic in a review of Islamic law. This research used field research using normative theological approaches and health approaches. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research results found; 1) The healing process of the circumcision wound has a phase in 3 weeks (21 days), in which the skin will return to its original shape. There are three phases of wound healing after circumcision using the Sunathrone Klamp method, namely the inflammation phase, the proliferation phase, and the remodeling phase; 2) The advantages of the Sunathrone Klamp include a relatively short time, no stitches, minimizing pain, psychologically the child feels comfortable when circumcised, and relatively fast healing time. The drawbacks after circumcision are that the patient feels uncomfortable because the clamp will be installed in a few days, and has a high level of operational standards, so that it is only used by experts in the field; and 3) Sunathrone Klamp is a practical tool for circumcision or circumcision with an easier, safer, and hygienic working process. In a review of Islamic law, the Sunathrone Klamp method is permissible, as long as the circumcision process is carried out by an expert or professional.