Smart Car System Research Articles

Artificial intelligence motivated flexible single-electrode mode multilayer triboelectric sensor for smart mobility systems

Triboelectric tactile sensing technique is increasingly coming into people’s lives to bring convenience, so that there is an urgent necessity for this technique to be applied to smart mobility to increase safety and enhance the mobility experience. Herein, a single-electrode mode multilayer triboelectric sensor (MTS) motivated by artificial intelligence (AI) is proposed, which consists of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)/ poly (vinylida-ene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) nanofibers (NFs) film as the friction layer and substrate, laser-induced graphene (LIG)/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the charge trapping layer, and Ag as the electrode. The MTS exhibits remarkable sensing performance, such as a wide response range of 5–100 N, 0.4–2 Hz multi-frequency response capability, and non-contact sensing, as well as distinguished self-powered performance. To demonstrate the practical significance of the proposed MTS, two applications are explored specifically after equipping with AI, including: (i) a smart in-vehicle system is constructed, which consists of unlocking section and multifunctional control with early warning section. (ii) a smart car control system is implemented, which can carry out special tasks instead of humans. These applications provide reliable ways to promote the development of human-machine interaction and smart mobility, as well as help to make lifestyles and mobility smarter, safer and more convenient.

KGSCS—a smart care system for elderly with geriatric chronic diseases: a knowledge graph approach

BackgroundThe increasing aging population has led to a shortage of geriatric chronic disease caregiver, resulting in inadequate care for elderly people. In this global context, many older people rely on nonprofessional family care. The credibility of existing health websites cannot meet the needs of care. Specialized health knowledge bases such as SNOMED—CT and UMLS are also difficult for nonprofessionals to use. Furthermore, professional caregiver in elderly care institutions also face difficulty caring for multiple elderly people at the same time and working handovers. As a solution, we propose a smart care system for the elderly based on a knowledge graph.MethodFirst, we worked with professional caregivers to design a structured questionnaire to collect more than 100 pieces of care-related information for the elderly. Then, in the proposed system, personal information, smart device data, medical knowledge, and nursing knowledge are collected and organized into a dynamic knowledge graph. The system offers report generation, question answering, risk identification and data updating services. To evaluate the effectiveness of the system, we use the expert evaluation method to score the user experience.ResultsThe results of the study showed that compared to existing tools (health websites, archives and expert team consultation), the system achieved a score of 8 or more for basic information, health support and Dietary information. Some secondary evaluation indicators reached 9 and 10 points. This finding suggested that the system is superior to existing tools. We also present a case study to help the reader understand the role of the system.ConclusionThe smart care system provide personalized care guidelines for nonprofessional caregivers. It also makes the job easier for institutional caregivers. In addition, the system provides great convenience for work handover.

Technology Acceptance of a Mobile Application to Support Family Caregivers in a Long-Term Care Facility.

Family caregivers are unpaid individuals who provide care to people with chronic conditions or disabilities. Family caregivers generally do not have formal care-related training. However, they are an essential source of care. Mobile technologies can benefit family caregivers by strengthening communication with care staff and supporting the monitoring of care recipients. We conducted a mixed-method study to evaluate the acceptance and usability of a mobile technology called the Smart Care System. Using convenience sampling, we recruited 27 family caregivers to evaluate the mobile Smart Care System (mSCS). In the quantitative phase, we administered initial and exit questionnaires based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. In the qualitative phase, we conducted focus groups to explore family caregivers' perspectives and opinions on the usability of the mSCS. With the quantitative data, we employed univariate, bivariate, and partial least squares analyses, and we used content analysis with the qualitative data. We observed a high level of comfort using digital technologies among participants. On average, participants were caregivers for an average of 6.08 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.63), and their mean age was 56.65 years (SD = 11.62). We observed a high level of technology acceptance among family caregivers (7.69, SD = 2.11). Behavioral intention (β = 0.509, p-value = 0.004) and facilitating conditions (β = 0.310, p-value = 0.049) were statistically significant and related to usage behavior. In terms of qualitative results, participants reported that the mobile application supported care coordination and communication with staff and provided peace of mind to family caregivers. The technology showed high technology acceptance and intention to use among family caregivers in a long-term care setting. Facilitating conditions influenced acceptance. Therefore, it would be important to identify and optimize these conditions to ensure technology uptake.

Technology Acceptance and Usability of a Mobile App to Support the Workflow of Health Care Aides Who Provide Services to Older Adults: Pilot Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundHealth care aides are unlicensed support personnel who provide direct care, personal assistance, and support to people with health conditions. The shortage of health care aides has been attributed to recruitment challenges, high turnover, an aging population, the COVID-19 pandemic, and low retention rates. Mobile apps are among the many information communication technologies that are paving the way for eHealth solutions to help address this workforce shortage by enhancing the workflow of health care aides. In collaboration with Clinisys EMR Inc, we developed a mobile app (Mobile Smart Care System [mSCS]) to support the workflow of health care aides who provide services to older adult residents of a long-term care facility.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the technology acceptance and usability of a mobile app in a real-world environment, while it is used by health care aides who provide services to older adults.MethodsThis pilot study used a mixed methods design: sequential mixed methods (QUANTITATIVE, qualitative). Our study included a pre– and post–paper-based questionnaire with no control group (QUAN). Toward the end of the study, 2 focus groups were conducted with a subsample of health care aides (qual, qualitative description design). Technology acceptance and usability questionnaires used a 5-point Likert scale ranging from disagree (1) to agree (5). The items included in the questionnaires were validated in earlier research as having high levels of internal consistency for the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology constructs. A total of 60 health care aides who provided services to older adults as part of their routine caseloads used the mobile app for 1 month. Comparisons of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology constructs’ summative scores at pretest and posttest were calculated using a paired t test (2-tailed). We used the partial least squares structural regression model to determine the factors influencing mobile app acceptance and usability for health care aides. The α level of significance for all tests was set at P≤.05 (2-tailed).ResultsWe found that acceptance of the mSCS was high among health care aides, performance expectancy construct was the strongest predictor of intention to use the mSCS, intention to use the mSCS predicted usage behavior. The qualitative data support the quantitative findings and showed health care aides’ strong belief that the mSCS was useful, portable, and reliable, although there were still opportunities for improvement, especially with regard to the mSCS user interface.ConclusionsOverall, these results support the assertion that mSCS technology acceptance and usability are high among health care aides. In other words, health care aides perceived that the mSCS assisted them in addressing their workflow issues.

Factors Associated with Viral Load Suppression amongst People Living with HIV on Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy [Haart] at Kaloko, Chipulukusu and Kantolomba Art Health Facilities of Ndola District

It is important to monitor HIV clients in ART treatment using viral load testing in an effort to meet the third 95 strategy of UNAIDS 95-95-95, which is viral load suppression. The target “95-95-95” strategy is expected to be achieved by 2030. Unfortunately, there is insufficient regional data, especially in the third “95”. Screening for viral load in low- and middle-income countries allows VLS monitoring of individual categories and demographics, necessary to achieve global epidemic control. The aim of this study was to find progress in the three [3] rural health centers in Ndola District on the achievement of VLS among HIV-positive patients on ART and related factors affecting the program. Sociodemography data, including age, gender, drug type and duration of treatment and laboratory variability [current viral load results], were extracted from client records using the SmartCare system. VL suppression and failure are determined using WHO definitions [viral pressure such as viral load <1000 copies/ml and virologic failure ≥1000 copies/ml]. Regular clinic [used as a proxy for adherence to medication and medication] will be defined as monthly clinical access to HAART treatment and other clinical management over the past 12 months.

SMART HOME SYSTEM SECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT

The concept of the Internet of Things became the basis of the fourth industrial revolution, which allowed to transfer the processes of automation to a new saber. As a result, automation systems, such as smart homes, healthcare systems and car control systems, have become widespread. The developers of such systems primarily focus their efforts on the functional component, leaving safety issues in the background. However, when designing and operating IoT systems, it is equally important to assess potential bottlenecks and develop complete and comprehensive strategies to mitigate and eliminate the negative effects of cyberattacks.
 The purpose of this study is to identify possible cyber threats and assess their impact on critical information objects in the smart home system. To achieve this goal, the three-level architecture of the smart home system is considered and a review of known cyber threats for each level is conducted. The critical information objects in the smart home system are the containers in which the information objects are stored, the risk assessment criteria and the cyber threat scenarios. The information security risks of the smart home system were assessed using the OCTAVE Allegro methodology for the information object that presents the information collected by the smart home sensors.

Design of Self-Balancing Tracing Bicycle for Smart Car Competition Case Under Engineering Education

Smart car is an academic competition held for cultivating college students' engineering ability in China for 16 years. To improve the performance of smart cars, this study integrates engineering education topics by introducing a smart car system with regard to the selection of key components, design of hardware and circuit boards, processing of sensor signals, as well as assembly, algorithms, and control. After completing this engineering education, students could achieve better results in the academic competition. According to the K model rules of the 16th smart car competition, a self-balancing autonomous tracking bicycle based on steering gear control is designed and developed. A gyroscope is used to detect the posture of the bicycle. It inductively receives the centerline of the track and then combined with the PID control algorithm realizes the autonomous tracking. The whole process from mechanical structure optimization and electronic circuit design to algorithm design, debugging, and competition runs through the CDIO of engineering education, realizing the cultivation of compound engineering innovative abilities.

Ethical considerations in design and implementation of home-based smart care for dementia.

It has now become a realistic prospect for smart care to be provided at home for those living with long-term conditions such as dementia. In the contemporary smart care scenario, homes are fitted with an array of sensors for remote monitoring providing data that feed into intelligent systems developed to highlight concerning patterns of behaviour or physiological measurements and to alert healthcare professionals to the need for action. This paper explores some ethical issues that may arise within such smart care systems, focusing on the extent to which ethical issues can be addressed at the system design stage. Artificial intelligence has been widely portrayed as an ethically risky technology, posing challenges for privacy and human autonomy and with the potential to introduce and exacerbate bias and inequality. While broad principles for ethical artificial intelligence have become established, the mechanisms for governing ethical artificial intelligence are still evolving. In healthcare settings the implementation of smart technologies falls within the existing frameworks for ethical review and governance. Feeding into this ethical review there are many practical steps that designers can take to build ethical considerations into the technology. After exploring the pre-emptive steps that can be taken in design and governance to provide for an ethical smart care system, the paper reviews the potential for further ethical challenges to arise within the everyday implementation of smart care systems in the context of dementia, despite the best efforts of all concerned to pre-empt them. The paper concludes with an exploration of the dilemmas that may thus face healthcare professionals involved in implementing this kind of smart care and with a call for further research to explore ethical dimensions of smart care both in terms of general principles and lived experience.

Precise offers smart car fingerprint systems

Precise offers smart car fingerprint systems

Smart Car Design Based on K60

The smart car system designed in this paper takes MK60FX512VLQ15 micro controller as the core control unit, detects track information through CMOS camera, inductance and infrared, and extracts the black edge line by using the binary camera of mountain eagle eye OV7725 hardware for track identification. The real-time speed of the model car is detected by the encoder, and the speed of the driving motor is adjusted by PID control algorithm to realize the closed-loop control of the speed and direction of the car. In order to improve the speed and stability of the model car, a large number of hardware and software tests were carried out by using small LCD and other debugging tools. Experimental results show that the design scheme is feasible.

SURVEILLANCE FOR INDEPENDENCE: DISCURSIVE FRAMEWORKS IN SMART CARE FOR DEMENTIA

Smart technologies promise a future in which the care needed by vulnerable people can be delivered at a distance, informed by Internet of Things-enabled remote sensing and by artificial intelligence used to identify problematic patterns in physiological readings and behavioural data. In this context, surveillance is widely portrayed as a means to maintain the independence of those being monitored. This paper examines the promise of smart care through analysis of documentation from policy, from research and development settings and from marketing materials aimed at carers, people living with dementia and social care agencies in the UK. For informal carers, the monitoring carried out by smart care systems is predominantly framed as reassurance for the carer, while for the person living with dementia a reassurance is offered that there will be help at times of need. For healthcare professionals, lack of knowledge is positioned as a limiting factor on providing optimal care and hence the monitoring offered by smart care becomes an ethical responsibility in the search for improved care as well as a means to increased efficiency. While smart care aims to promote independence, this form of surveillance and the AI-generated predictions that are built upon it can offer imperatives to action that may act against autonomy. To evaluate ethical implications more fully we need to move beyond the promotional discourse to find out more about how people live with such systems and how these systems become a part of the relations of expertise and responsibility that pervade care.

Object detection YOLO-v4 based smart car system with an integrated Virtual Assistant

Car accidents are a serious social problem that often results in both life loss and financial loss. Most car accidents are caused by a lack of safe distance between cars and also the awareness of the driver. To relieve this issue, in this paper we propose a real-time object detection and safety system. The proposed system consists of two units: a real-time object detection unit and a safety alarm unit. The system is supposed to apply in a normal driving scenario. As for the safety alarm module, it consists of three states: to detect the object; to calculate the safety factor; to determine the driving conditions. To justify the proposed system, a real experiment is conducted. The results show that the system can appropriately signify driving states: safe, dangerous, and warning. By the given experimental results, it implies that the system is feasible and applicable in real-time applications. The objective of this project is to detect objects in real-time and pass information to the user based on the data taken by object detection. The information can be provided to warn the user or to just inform the user based on the result of the sensors. The YOLO algorithm helps to design the output of the sensor based on the necessity of the user. The google assistant allows the user to provide voice commands. The car is integrated with all the above-mentioned.

Retraction: Object detection YOLO-v4 based smart car system with an integrated Virtual Assistant (J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1916 012047)

This article (and all articles in the proceedings volume relating to the same conference) has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an extensive investigation in line with the COPE guidelines. This investigation has uncovered evidence of systematic manipulation of the publication process and considerable citation manipulation.IOP Publishing respectfully requests that readers consider all work within this volume potentially unreliable, as the volume has not been through a credible peer review process.IOP Publishing regrets that our usual quality checks did not identify these issues before publication, and have since put additional measures in place to try to prevent these issues from reoccurring. IOP Publishing wishes to credit anonymous whistleblowers and the Problematic Paper Screener [1] for bringing some of the above issues to our attention, prompting us to investigate further.[1] Cabanac G, Labbé C and Magazinov A 2021 arXiv:2107.06751v1 Retraction published: 23 February 2022

Research on Application in Intelligent Vehicle Automatic Control System

The traditional motor bridge circuit always has short circuit problems, and the smart car needs to be controlled by wire or remote control equipment. In order to study the application of automatic control technology in smart cars. Using the smart car model and simulation to study the smart car control system, with the mobile phone as the remote wireless control terminal, the smart car uses bluetooth communication and MCU as the intermediate bridge, the smart car achieves automatic direction control, voice control, gravity induction control, automatic tracking, automatic anti-collision and other functions. The motor circuit system is optimized by Simulation and experiment. It replaces the previous wired control and remote control equipment control, and effectively reduces the cost of equipment.

Feasibility and efficacy of the indoor cognitive training combined physical activity (ICT‐PA) program using wearable sensor and mobile device in subjects with mild cognitive impairment

AbstractBackgroundWe developed the Indoor Cognitive Training combined Physical Activity (ICT‐PA) program using wearable sensor for location information. ICT‐PA consists of 1) memory registration of some specific indoor locations using a tablet device, 2) navigating those locations in order and recognition by Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) tags installed at each of the above words, and 3) recall images placed together at each of the above recognition tags. ICT‐PA aimed to enhance 1) cognitive function by combining verbal/visual memory training and visuospatial navigation training and 2) indoor physical activities by walking during this sequential training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of ICT‐PA in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodForty‐three participants aged over 60 years old and diagnosed with MCI participated in the intervention program of 6 weeks. Feasibility was evaluated by checking the satisfaction of the participants with a 5‐point Likert scale. The efficacy of the program on cognitive functions was evaluated by the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery total score (CERAD‐TS) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) before and after ICT‐PA. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03928613)ResultThirty‐six participants completed both pre‐ and post‐ICT‐PA assessment. The overall satisfaction score was 7.7±1.6 out of 10. The mean CERAD‐TS scores significantly increased after ICT‐PA training (pre, 57.3 ± 11.3; post, 60.3 ± 13.1; p=0.006, paired t‐test), but MMSE did not. Subgroup analysis by compliance (equal to greater than 360 minutes of total use of the ICT‐PA) showed that the compliance group (N=26) improved the CERAD‐TS score (pre, 58.5 ± 11.7; post, 62.7 ± 12.9; p=0.002, paired t‐test), but non‐compliance group did not.ConclusionICT‐PA was effective in improving cognition and was well tolerated by most participants with MCI. Further studies with large numbers of participants and randomized controlled trial are necessary, and the use of at least 60 minutes per week might be suggested. (This work was supported by Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No.2017‐0‐00662, Development of Smart Care system for Dementia Patients based on ICT)).

Application of Fuzzy PID Adaptive Algorithm Based on RBF Network in Smart Car

Smart car speed control system is a nonlinear time varying systems, to establish a precise mathematical model isn’t easy, using conventional PID control is not very good. This paper proposes to combine the RBF neural network with fuzzy control by analyzing the smart car system. The collective fuzzy control and neural network control can not only make good use of existing experience knowledge to solve the problem of black box characteristics, but also improve control precision and realize adaptive function in time. The experimental and simulation results show that the proposed direction and speed control algorithm can meet the requirements of the smart car running stably for a short time.

속성 기반 권한위임 관리 기법을 사용한 스마트 자동차 안전성 검토에 관한 연구

스마트 자동차에 대한 수요가 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 3GPP와 5GAA와 같은 표준기구에서는 스마트 자동차를 위한 자율 주행 자동차를 포함한 커넥티드 카, 자동차 네트워크 인프라에 대한 표준 통신 프로토콜을 제시하고 있다. 하지만 이와 같이, 스마트 자동차 네트워크 환경에는 기존의 유선 통신 네트워크 보다 더욱 위험할 것으로 예상되는 보안 위협 요소들이 존재한 다. 대표적으로 스마트 자동차의 주변 장치들이 신분을 위장하여 차량에 대한 위치정보, 개인 정보 등을 탈취할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 스마트 자동차 주변의 인프라 요소들이 공모하여 주행중인 자동차를 위험한 상황에 빠뜨려 생명에 위협을 가할 수도 있을 것이다. 이를 해결하기 위해서, 본 논문에서는 속성 기반 권한 위임 관리 기법과 임계치 암호 알고리즘을 사용해 공모 공 격으로부터 안전한 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안한 시스템은 앞서 예로 제시한 공모 공격으로부터 안전할 수 있음을 의미론적 안전 모델을 사용해서 증명하였다.

A qualitative inquiry into implementing an electronic health record system (SmartCare) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission data in Zambia: a retrospective study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the challenges in implementing a Zambian electronic health records (EHR) system labelled ‘SmartCare’ from diverse stakeholder perspectives in order to improve prevention of mother-to-child transmission...

Engine Net Torque Compensation Through Driveline Torque Estimation in a Parallel Hybrid Vehicle

In recent years, interest in smart and green vehicles has increased. There are many cases where engine net torque related control is performed when building smart and green car systems. Speed tracking control in autonomous driving, or optimal transmission shift control is an example. The engine net torque is the sum of the engine indicated torque, accessory load torque, and fictional torque, and the starter motor torque in the case of a parallel hybrid vehicle. However, the estimation error of these torque items can cause the estimation error of the engine net torque. In this paper, a compensation method for the slowly varying uncertainty of the engine net torque in a parallel hybrid vehicle using a multiplicative constant is proposed. The adaptation of the multiplicative constant is conducted using the amount of change in the engine net torque estimated in the backward direction of the driveline. The proposed algorithm is verified based on production vehicle data.

Analysis and Implementation of the Control Algorithms of the Smart Car

This paper introduces the design and implementation of a smart car system that can orient the illuminating beacon. After debugging and testing, the system has good accuracy and speed. Combining image recognition, path decision, adaptive obstacle avoidance and other control algorithms, the system is an original model and has certain practical significance for vehicle electronic technologies.