Smart Card Technology Research Articles

An investigation of healthcare professionals’ intention to use Smart Card Technology

An investigation of healthcare professionals’ intention to use Smart Card Technology

Impact of knowledge factors on implementation of smart card technology in public healthcare

Background: Healthcare quality continues to advance with the use of innovative, adaptable technology, which will also reduce costs, increase efficiency, divide the number of errors, boost patient satisfaction, and enhance reimbursement for inpatient and outpatient healthcare professionals.Aim: The study’s aim was to investigate the impact of knowledge factors on the implementation of smart card technology (SCT) in public healthcare. Furthermore, it contributes equally to the understanding of the important determinants that influence the implementation of SCT in these hospitals.Setting: The study examined how knowledge factors affected the use of smart card technology in public healthcare in Southern Africa.Methods: The study used quantitative research approach. There were 489 healthcare professionals who took part in the initial data collection. As a result, 439 questionnaires were sent out and 406 of them were analysed.Results: The outcome of this study revealed that healthcare professionals had an impact on SCT implementation. According to the data, 2.2% and 2.5% of respondents, respectively, had very excellent and decent knowledge of SCT, compared to 33% of respondents who have a good understanding of SCT. A significant correlation between the application of SCT and effort expectancy (EE) may also have an impact on these outcomes. Effort expectancy was found to have a positive, considerable influence on the application of SCT in public healthcare in this study.Conclusion: This study showed that the Department of Health’s ability to properly administer SCT depends on certain factors that affect how it is implemented in South African public hospitals. Given these reasons, the possibility for adopting these e-health programs is of utmost importance.Contribution: The study can assist the Department of Health to understand how different knowledge-related factors impact the implementation of SCT in public healthcare.

ECC-based three-factor authentication and key agreement scheme for wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), protocols with authentication and key agreement functions can enhance the security of the interaction between users and sensor nodes, guaranteeing the security of user access and sensor node information. Existing schemes have various security vulnerabilities and are susceptible to security attacks (e.g., masquerading user, password guessing, internal privilege, and MITT attacks), so they cannot meet the anonymity requirements or achieve forward security. To effectively improve the security performance of WSNs, an elliptic curve cryptography (ECC)-based three-factor authentication and key agreement scheme for WSNs is proposed. The scheme is based on the ECC protocol and combines biometrics, smart card and password authentication technology; uses a challenge/response mechanism to complete the authentication between users, gateways, and sensors; and negotiates a secure session key. The Burrows, Abadi and Needham logic for formal security analysis proves the correctness and security of the scheme, and the informal analysis of multiple known attacks proves that the scheme can resist various attacks and has high security characteristics. The feasibility of the scheme has been analysed and verified with the ProVerif tool. The efficiency analysis results show that the scheme is suitable for resource-constrained WSNs.

Secure Transactions in a Chip: A Contemporary Review of Smart Card Innovations

Smart card technology has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of secure identification, authentication, and transaction processing. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of smart card technology, highlighting its key features, applications, and benefits. Smart cards, also known as integrated circuit cards, are portable devices that incorporate a microprocessor and memory to securely store and process information. These cards have revolutionized various industries by enabling secure access control, secure payment transactions, and secure storage of sensitive data. The abstract begins by exploring the fundamental components and architecture of smart cards. It delves into the different types of smart cards, such as contact-based and contactless cards, and explains the communication protocols employed in their operation. Furthermore, the abstract discusses the extensive range of applications where smart cards have found widespread adoption. These applications include identification cards, payment cards, healthcare cards, transportation cards, and more. The abstract highlights the advantages of using smart cards in each of these domains, such as enhanced security, convenience, and interoperability.

Electoral Malpractice and Card Reader System in Nigeria: A Study of the 2019 Presidential Election

The adoption of smart card technology in various parts of Africa has reduced electoral malpractices, resulting in election credibility and acceptability. However, its use in Nigeria’s electoral process is believed to have downsides. The paper investigates how adopting smart card technology reduced electoral malpractices during the 2019 presidential election, making it more transparent, credible, and reliable than the traditional technique. It uncovers the flaws of the technology in Nigeria, including card reader malfunction, delays in accreditation and voting, the inability of the INEC staff to operate the technology efficiently during voting, and election postponement, among others. It is therefore recommended that the INEC improve public awareness of the use of the technology and train its staff.

College Bus Tracking System

Abstract: Our project aim is to design a system that will automate the college transport fare collection process using GPS contactless smartcard technologies as well as provide industrial IOT facilities to knows present location of the college vehicle and the arrival time at the particular bus stop. The system keep tracking of each passenger will be able to know the current balance in his smartcard amount and can recharge it when needed. The present generation requires the information time to time. The use of technology has been increasing day by day. So, we are planning for the combination of present technology with the requirements of information transmission, we planned for the creative approach “ Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS and GSM”. To overcome the drawback of the previous method of a Project based and we introduced a project to track a vehicle using GPS and GSM. Vehicle tracking system can also be used for accident detection alert system. The tracking system and many more by just make few changes in hardware and software and widely in tracking cab/taxi, stolen vehicles, school/college buses etc. Student safety is a primary in our society. Increased rate of children abduction signify the relevance of a proper mechanism to track children. The current system involves parents calling the cab driver to ensure student has boarded the bus and to know the current location. There us always an element of uncertainty regarding student whereabouts. Proposed system involves a low-cost solution by allowing parents to track child location via a mobile application. The system involves allotment of a unique identification for each student using RFID (Radio Frequency based identification system). Live tracking of the bus is enabled using GPS (Global Positioning System).

Critical success factors of smart card technology in South African public hospitals

Background: Even though the government has set several admirable targets for raising the standard of healthcare, as highlighted by communities and media reports, public health institutions’ services continue to fall short of patients’ expectations and basic standards of care. For this reason, the general public has lost faith in the healthcare system. The public healthcare system in South Africa is completely dysfunctional and urgently needs to be transformed to serve the majority of those who use public hospitals.Objectives: The study aimed to improve healthcare for the majority of South Africans by investigating the critical success factors (CSFs) that influence the adoption of smart card technology (SCT) in South African public hospitals.Methods: A thorough review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted to determine potential barriers to adopting SCT. Furthermore, a hybrid model that combines the Health Unified Technology of Acceptance Theory (HUTAUT) model, DeLone and McLean IS success model (DM) and the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory will be developed, validated and tested to identify the CSFs adoption of SCT in public hospitals in South Africa.Results: The validated research model has been developed to be adopted by nurses at public hospitals.Conclusion: This research will contribute to the development of a new framework that identifies the CSFs for SCT adoption in South African public hospitals.Contribution: The study’s results will make a special contribution to the body of knowledge in the fields of health informatics, particularly e-health.

Measuring the transit benefits of accessibility with the integration of transit systems

Transit systems create various benefits for society and the economy, which are commonly reflected in their accessibility. However, transit accessibility is not necessarily distributed fairly over space, resulting in spatial disparities in transit benefits. This study empirically examines the spatial distribution of transit benefits using accessibility measures specifically designed for public transit systems. To achieve this, a series of standardised transit benefit accessibility measures are developed and applied to the integrated transit systems in Seoul, South Korea, where bus and subway systems are seamlessly integrated via smartcard technology. Our measures assess the distributional impacts of transit integration. Our analysis revealed that transit benefits of accessibility have improved significantly in most areas of Seoul due to the integration of transit systems. However, these benefits have been realised as spatially disparate in Seoul. The findings stress the need for more equitable public transit policies to mitigate the identified spatial disparities.

Farmers Perception of Access and Use of Modern Information Communication Technologies in Enhancing Smallholder Tea Production in Kakamega County, Kenya

The smallholder tea sector in Kenya forms the second-largest agricultural exporter after horticulture, contributing 4 percent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Modern communication technologies (MCTS) are key in supporting production, processing and marketing across the tea sector value chain. Despite the availability of all these technologies, their access and use by smallholder tea farmers for production and tea auction price monitoring are still minimal. Further, farmers’ perception of access and use of modern communication technologies is not well known. The objective of this study was to evaluate smallholder farmers’ perceptions on access and use of modern communication technologies in enhancing tea production in Shinyalu subcounty.The study was anchored on diffusion of innovation that emphasizes on the five attributes of an innovation. The study evaluated the farmers’ perception of access and use of MCTs. The study adopted a descriptive research design where fisher’s formula was used to get 162 out of 1,600 smallholder tea farmers who were systematically sampled and interviewed. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Likert perception test scale was also used test perception statements. The data was cleaned and analyzed in form of frequencies and percentages and chi-square The results established that majority of the tea farmers (36%) had acquired basic literacy levels of education to use modern technologies in tea production. It also established that modern technologies such as smartcard technology 78%, mobile phone text messages 62% and personal digital assistants 61% were the most essential tools for enhancing access to farm inputs, market information and tea management information. However, extension agents 61% played a complementary role in unpacking and linking modern tea technologies from the source to farmers. A positive association was revealed between farmers’ literacy level and the use of MCTs, which influenced access to MCT. The study, recommended re-tooling agricultural information dissemination agents and farmers on the existing MCT to enhance effective communication, promoting tea production yields and accessing market information.

Adoption for the implementation of smart card technology in public healthcare

This study enhances the critical factors for the implementation of smart card technology (SCT) by proposing a conceptual framework based on the healthcare unified theory of acceptance of user technology model (2008), the DeLone and McLean information systems success model and the diffusion of innovation theory (2003) recommending the strategies to be used. The framework was tested using regression analysis on the collected data from 406 self-administered questionnaires from Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Tshwane District Hospital, Kalafong Hospital and Pretoria West Hospital. The structural equation modelling and principal component analysis methods in Statistical Package for Social Sciences were used to analyse the data. The findings of this study show that seven factors – behavioural intention, system use, information quality, service quality, communication, compatibility and trialability – were significantly accepted to ensure the adoption of SCT in public healthcare.Transdisciplinary contribution: The healthcare sector has not fully addressed the technology use for healthcare professionals. However, the sector exploited much for the patients’ needs to improve quality of healthcare. Therefore, this study recommends that this framework will contribute towards the implementation smart card technology within the public healthcare. The study will contribute to the implementation of SCT and ensure the quality of service delivery in public healthcare.

Smart-Card Technology for the Dental Management of Medically Complex Patients.

Smart-card technology is believed to help healthcare industries in several ways, since it minimizes risks and medical errors, enables accurate patient identification, reduces administrative costs, improves efficiency, and facilitates prompt delivery of care to patients. The present study aims to highlight the adoption of a newly designed dental smart card for medically complex patients. The present smart card is an advance in patient identification, using a quick-response (QR) code to automatically report or receive certain types of responses from patients or physicians once illuminated by signals from QR readers. Further, the card provides general information about the patient's condition and physical details. The card is pocket sized and can be carried easily by the patient anywhere, alongside a digital copy of the card.

Fare Policy and Vertical Equity: The Trade-off between Affordability and Cost Recovery

Vertical equity and the maximization of farebox revenue are important but conflicting goals in the development of fare policy in the United States. Reducing fares for low-income riders reduces revenue for a transit agency, while increasing fares could disproportionately impact lower-income riders. This paper details this conflict, explores strategies that could account for both goals, and evaluates fare programs in the United States. Two types of low-income strategies are discussed: first generation strategies and targeted subsidy strategies. First generation strategies have several limitations that targeted subsidy strategies account for; first generation strategies focus more on supply, while targeted subsidy strategies focus more on demand. The evaluation of US low-income fare programs found that organizational partnerships can reduce administrative and financial impacts to agencies, local ridership characteristics need to be considered in designing a program, and that smart card technology is useful but not required to create a targeted subsidy program.

Smart Card-Based Identity Management Protocols for V2V and V2I Communications in CCAM: A Systematic Literature Review

Besides developing new Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM) services for the improvement of road safety and travel experience, researchers are considering protection mechanisms to ensure the security of these services and the safety of involved users (drivers but also, e.g., cyclists and pedestrians). In particular, several Identity Management (IDM) protocols have been designed as the first line of defence against external attackers. Among these protocols, a promising trend in research consists in the use of a Smart Card (SC) as a technical enabler for strong authentication. Indeed, many SC-based IDM protocols for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications in real-time CCAM services have been proposed in the literature which present interesting features and promising usability experimental results. However, this research line is far from being exhausted, especially considering the recent spread of SC technologies and use cases. For this reason, in this paper we propose a systematic literature review on SC-based IDM protocols for real-time CCAM services. In particular, we identify characterising assumptions of CCAM scenarios and extrapolate a unified high-level view of the steps composing a SC-based IDM protocol. Then, we present a detailed survey of several SC-based IDM protocols. Finally, we identify trends in research and formulate guidelines and useful recommendations to provide a solid base which researchers can use as a starting point for the design of new and improved SC-based IDM protocols for CCAM scenarios.

An Intelligent Time-Series Model for Forecasting Bus Passengers Based on Smartcard Data

Public transportation systems are an effective way to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and energy consumption. Today, smartcard technology is used to shorten the time spent boarding/exiting buses and other types of public transportation; however, this does not alleviate all traffic congestion problems. Accurate forecasting of passenger flow can prevent serious bus congestion and improve the service quality of the transportation system. To the best of the current authors’ knowledge, fewer studies have used smartcard data to forecast bus passenger flow than on other types of public transportation, and few studies have used time-series lag periods as forecast variables. Therefore, this study used smartcard data from the bus system to identify important variables that affect passenger flow. These data were combined with other influential variables to establish an integrated-weight time-series forecast model. For different time data, we applied four intelligent forecast methods and different lag periods to analyze the forecasting ability of different daily data series. To enhance the forecast ability, we used the forecast data from the top three of the 80 combined forecast models and adapted their weights to improve the forecast results. After experiments and comparisons, the results show that the proposed model can improve passenger flow forecasting based on three bus routes with three different series of time data in terms of root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). In addition, the lag period was found to significantly affect the forecast results, and our results show that the proposed model is more effective than other individual intelligent forecast models.

Smart Energy Meter

India uses electromechanical electricity meters, but considers the drawbacks of electricity theft, meter reading errors, billing, and consumers hesitating to pay utility bills on time. Therefore, such systems are being replaced by more sophisticated and accurate digital and electronic gauges. This paper proposes a new methodology for implementing a control-based global system for mobile communication networks (GSMs) to integrate prepaid metering system setup and remote load control. This provides a secure smart card solution for new types of prepaid power systems. It aims to reduce the number of utility bill obstacles using smart card technology. The LCD display is used to show the amount of energy consumed. Users can replenish the counter as needed by sending an SMS to the server. Users must make the first replenishment to address the issue of unpaid invoices and human error in invoices. This ultimately guarantees a legitimate return.

Centralized Students’ Authentication for Higher Education Systems

Increase in the adoption of ICT for service provision renders higher educational institutions in Nigeria vulnerable to numerous security challenges. The information security threats addressed in this paper encompasses identity theft and identification frauds. The high number of students patronizing these institutions seeking for knowledge results in the challenges of identifying authentic students. The use of students’ identification number and password is no longer sufficient for authentication of students. Therefore, this paper proposed a centralized authentication model for higher education system (CAMHES) for Nigeria. The model uses multi-factor authentication combining students’ identification number, students’ fingerprint biometric and smartcard technology for students’ authentication. The solution authenticates the identity of genuine students to eliminate impersonation in Nigerian higher education systems. Although, this solution provides authentication that is extremely difficult to replicate, it is recommended that the students’ biometric data captured must be strictly kept safe.

Optimization Of An Identity Access control System Using Biometric Techniques

Access control systems are widely deployed on campuses as a means to provide security. This paper proposed a biometric access control system for restricted areas based on individual facial recognition. The verification system, identification system are implemented to aid the Registration system, during the registration process necessary data’s are collected and updated to the database to help the administrator to update required information. Based on that processing, an integrated secure system for biometric access control is developed for restricted area with acceptable security level. This paper develop an access control system that is efficient, and can properly identify individuals and its cost- effective. A new authentication system has been created that can verify who and what enters through the pass gate, also the security operative of the school system can have a complete log record of who accessed the school premises/labs and at what time. There is concern that some campuses are not using such protective systems, hence this paper attempts to resolve this weaknesses in such institutions’ by developing a system using Facial recognition and smart card technologies.

Rancang Bangun Automatic Smart Energy Meter Berbasis RFId

The development of technology today makes it easier for humans in their daily activities. One of them is in the digital world. In the industrial era 4.0. more and more companies are issuing breakthrough new products based on digital technology that aim to be practical in their use. One of the technologies applied is the use of smart cards. For example in the use of smart keys in homes and car doors. Then in the current transaction process, many have implemented this smart card technology. The purpose of this research is to apply the latest technology in the energy transaction process which will be applied to the KWh meter. The smart card used is RFId and is integrated in the database and website so that its use is more practical and flexible. Then the use of this smart card can be applied to the smart energy meter so that later the prepaid energy transaction process can be applied easily with this smart energy meter.

Rancang Bangun Automatic Smart Energy Meter Berbasis RFId

The development of technology today makes it easier for humans in their daily activities. One of them is in the digital world. In the industrial era 4.0. more and more companies are issuing breakthrough new products based on digital technology that aim to be practical in their use. One of the technologies applied is the use of smart cards. For example in the use of smart keys in homes and car doors. Then in the current transaction process, many have implemented this smart card technology. The purpose of this research is to apply the latest technology in the energy transaction process which will be applied to the KWh meter. The smart card used is RFId and is integrated in the database and website so that its use is more practical and flexible. Then the use of this smart card can be applied to the smart energy meter so that later the prepaid energy transaction process can be applied easily with this smart energy meter.

Photoresponsive thin films of well-synthesized azobenzene side-chain liquid crystalline polynorbornenes as command surface for patterned graphic writing

Azobenzene-containing polymers (azopolymers) are a kind of intensively explored fascinating photoresponsive materials, liquid crystalline (LC) azopolymers with excellent film-forming, ordered structure and self-repairing capability are endowed with enhanced photoisomerization and photoalignment characteristics capable of developing into photo-modulated smart surfaces. Here in this work, two azobenzene side-chain LC polynorbornenes of PNB-Azo-n with different DP of n = 50 and 100 have been well synthesized through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The polynorbornene backbone of less flexibility with larger spacing between adjacent azobenzene side groups endows stronger inhibition for H-aggregation and better photoresponsiveness. The high-DP azopolynorbornene of PNB-Azo-100 thin films well behave as command surface for the upper layer nematic LC molecules thanks to their better performance in photoisomerization and photoalignment, together with their good compatibility and dissolution-resistance to the nematic LC mixture of E7. Selectively optically readable LC graphic writings at normal size through various photomasks have been demonstrated, and higher grid resolution up to sub-ten micrometer with a digital micromirror device (DMD) based dynamic photopatterning system has been achieved. Therefore, such kind of LC azopolynorbornenes demonstrate promising applications in LC photoalignment system and photoresponsive devices for potential anti-forgery document security and smart card technology.