Small Significant Differences Research Articles

Spreadability, Total Dissolved Solids and Likeability of Mango Jam with a Combination of Mango Flesh and Peel Arum Manis (Mangifera Indicates L)

After being harvested, mango fruit will quickly spoil due to the high water content in the fruit, so efforts need to be made to process it to extend its shelf life, one of which is processing it into jam. To get good jam you need the right composition of sugar, acid and pectin. The part of the mango fruit that is widely consumed and processed is the flesh, while the skin and seeds are not widely used even though the skin of the mango fruit contains quite high pectin. This research aims to determine the effect of the combination of mango flesh and mango skin on spreadability, total soluble solids, and panelists' preferences for jam. The method used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 1 factor, namely a combination of mango skin and mango flesh with 5 treatment levels: P1 (20%: 80%), P2 (30%: 70%), P3 (40%: 60%), P4(50%: 50%) and P5 (60%: 40%). Parameters observed: spreadability, total dissolved solids, and preference test. Data were analyzed using Variance Analysis and the smallest significant difference (if there is a difference) with a confidence level of 5%. The liking test will be carried out on 30 panelists (untrained) using a 5-level liking scale: very dislike (1), dislike (2), neutral (3), like (4) and very like (5). The results of the study showed that the higher the use of mango peel pulp and the less mango fruit pulp, the lower the spreading power, where the highest spreading power was in treatment P1 and was not different in treatment P2. However, the total dissolved solids value is getting higher. Panelists liked the color, taste and spreadability of treatments P1, P2 and P3 (not significantly different), while the aroma was preferred up to treatment P4.

Testing of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties of ASC "Donskoy" on chestnut soils of the Volgograd region

In Russia, the main food culture is wheat. Its cultivation is a guarantor of stability and efficiency of the economy. A significant role of breeding work is in increasing its productivity. Therefore, this research was conducted during 2020-22 at the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Kamyshinsky district for testing winter wheat varieties. These varieties were selected as the most stress- and drought-resistant in their breeding characteristics. The location and laying of the experimental plot were selected so that the characteristics of the varieties corresponded to climatic indicators, field records of the yield structure were conducted according to the methodology of B. A. Dospekhov and the state variety testing. The Pearson coefficient (r-Pearson) was used for the correlation analysis. The significance of the differences was assessed by the smallest significant difference at the significance level of 5% (НСР05). According to the totality of the variety's reactions to the complex of prevailing soil and climatic conditions, it is possible to distinguish the varieties Razdolye and Premier. The highest yields were shown by Lilit, Don's Niva, Premier and Don's Ruby varieties, from 2.50 to 2.66 t/ha. The analysis of winter wheat grain for the content of raw gluten and protein allowed us to identify the highest quality varieties: Dione and Onyx–24.1-25.6% and from 13%, respectively. Lilit, Don's Niva, Don's Ruby and Premiere varieties showed great profitability. Statistical processing showed that the grain yield of the studied winter wheat varieties in the steppe zone was reliably associated with field germination (r=0.5-0.7), grain weight in the ear (r=0.7), weight of 1000 grains (r=0.53) and the number of grains in the ear (r=0.68). Thus, in the conditions of the Lower Volga region, the quantitative values of weather factors were identified that determine the formation of high yields of varieties: Expanse, Premiere.

Pengaruh Lama Fermentasi dan Penambahan Nanas Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kafein Pada Kopi Robusta

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pineapple, fermentation time and pineapple concentration on decreasing caffeine levels. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RAK). P0X1 (0 hours fermentation time with 50% pineapple concentration), P0X2 (0 hours fermentation time with 80% pineapple concentration), P1X1 (9 hours fermentation time with 50% pineapple concentration), P1X2 (9 hours fermentation time with 80% pineapple concentration )), P2X1 (24 hours fermentation time with 50% pineapple concentration), P2X2 (24 hours fermentation time with 80% pineapple concentration), P3X1 (36 hours fermentation time with 50% pineapple concentration), P3X2 (36 hours fermentation time with 50% pineapple concentration), P3X2 (36 hours fermentation time with 50% pineapple concentration). pineapple) 80%). Data analysis used Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with the smallest significant difference (BNT) with a level of 5%. The results showed that the fermentation time of 36 hours with 80% pineapple concentration, and 24 hours of fermentation with 80% pineapple concentration. the value of 1.1%, the fermentation time of 24 hours with 50% pineapple concentration resulted in a value of 1.5%, the fermentation time of 9 hours with 80% pineapple concentration produced a value of 1.6%, the 9 hour fermentation time of 50% pineapple concentration resulted in a value of 1.7 %, fermentation time 0 hours, pineapple concentration 80% produces a value of 2.3%, fermentation time 0 hours with pineapple concentration 50% produces a value of 2.3%.

UJI BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK TEPUNG DAUN PAITAN (Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray) TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA PENGGEREK TONGKOL JAGUNG Helicoverpa armigera Hubner

Borer pest of corn cobs (Helicovepa armigera Hubner) is a major pest of corn. Pest control can be done using plant-based insecticides from paitan leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray). This study aims to obtain the best concentration of paitan leaf extract in controlling corn cob borer Helicoverpa armigera. The study was conducted at the Plant Pest Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. The research was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used were several concentrations of paitan leaf extract, namely 0 gl-1, 25 gl-1, 50 gl-1, 75 gl-1and 100 gl-1. Parameters observed were initial death, lethal time 50, lethal concentration (LC50 and LC95), daily mortality, and total mortality. data. Data were collected from daily mortality and then descriptively analyzed and displayed graphically. Data lethal concentration (LC50 and LC95) were analyzed probit using the POLO-PC program, while other data such as initial death, total mortality, and lethal time (LT50) were analyzed with analysis of variance. Data from the variance analysis with significant effect will be continued using the smallest significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% level. Results showed that the application of paitan leaf extract with a concentration of 100 gl-1 water was able to control H. armigera with mortality of 55.00%. The proper concentration to lead mortality of 50% of larvae H. armigera was 10.3% or equal to 103 gl-1 of water of paitan leaf extract. Meanwhile, the proper concentration to lead mortality of 95% of larvae population H. armigera was 44.7% or equivalent to 447 gl-1 water of paitan leaf extract.

UJI BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK TEPUNG AKAR TUBA (Derris elliptica Benth) UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA PENGGEREK TONGKOL JAGUNG Helicoverpa armigera Hubn

Pests that attack the corn crop are corn cobs borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner). Pest control can be done using tubal root vegetable insecticide (Derris elliptica benth.) This study aims to obtain the best concentration of tuba root powder extract for controlling the corncob borer pests Helicoverpa Armigera H. Research was carried out at the Plant Pest Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were given several concentrations of tuba root powder extract, namely 0 gr.l-1 water, 20 gr.l-1 water, 40 gr.l-1 water, 60 gr.l-1 water, 80 gr.l-1 water and 100 gr.l-1 water. The parameters observed were initial death, lethal time of 50, lethal concentration of 50 and 95, daily mortality, and total mortality. Daily mortality data obtained from the results were analyzed descriptively and displayed in graphical form, data lethal concentration (LC50 and LC95) was used probit analysis using the POLO-PC program, while other data such as initial death, total mortality, and lethal time (LT50) were statistically analyzed using variance. Data from analysis of variance will be continued using the smallest significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% confident level. Application of concentration for tubal root extract 100 g-1 water was the best concentration to control larvae H. Armigera with an initial time of death 26.50 hours, LT50 67.50 hours, highest daily mortality on the fourth day by 40% and total larval mortality by 87.5%.

Triticale potential model in the conditions of the Amur region

The need for research is due to the growing demands of the region's animal husbandry in fodder grain. The goal is to establish the average and maximum values of the main economic indicators of triticale varieties in various zones of the region. The experiments were carried out in 2012–2016 on the fields of the zonal State Variety Testing Stations of the Amur Region. Soils are typical of zones. Meteorological conditions during the growing season of triticale are different. Triticale varieties were studied: Karmen St, Grebeshok, Rovnya, Ukro and Yarilo. Late-ripening varieties in all zones of the region form a high stem. Location of triticale varieties by grain threshing Karmen> Rovnya> Grebeshok and Yarilo> Ukro. The largest mass of 1000 grains - 53.6 g and a yield of 5.36 t/ha is formed by the Karmen variety in the south of the region. Yarilo gives the highest yield in the central zone, and Rovnya in the northern zone. The increase in yield of Yarilo and Rovnya varieties compared to the control ranged from 0.13 to 0.16 t/ha, or from 4.2 to 5.2%. The smallest significant difference in yield for varieties was 5.4–15.8%. In the central zone of the region, the Yarilo variety significantly exceeds the standard by 0.69 t/ha, or 28.3%, in the north, the Grebeshok and Ukro varieties are significantly inferior to the standard by 0.16 and 0.33 t/ha, or 5.6 and 11.5%. The genetic series of the yield potential of varieties in the area of Karmen> Yarilo> Rovnya>Grebeshok > Ukro. A model of factors determining the adaptive potential of triticale in the Amur region is proposed.

Pengaruh Interval Waktu Aplikasi Beauveria bassiana dalam Mengendalikan Hama Spodoptera frugiperda pada Tanaman Jagung

Spodoptera frugiperda is a harmful pest on maize. These larvae damage shoots, young leaves or plant growth points. B. bassiana is a biological agent that has been shown to be able to effectively control S. frugiperda. This research was carried out in two stages, namely the first stage of research carried out at the Plant Protection Laboratory and the second stage at the Jember State Polytechnic Land. The purpose of the first stage is to determine the reference concentration in the field based on mortality and insecticide efficacy tests. The second stage aims to observe the intensity of S. frugiperda attack on corn plants with spraying time intervals of once in 2 days in block 1 and every 5 days in block 2 and observe the weight of cobs and dry shells per sample. The first stage of data analysis used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and repeated 6 times. Further test using the smallest Significant Difference (BNT) 5%. The second stage of data analysis was the intensity of attack at 2 and 5 days application time interval and the weight of wet and dry shelled cobs using the Mann Whitney non-parametric analysis test. Based on the results of further tests, the efficacy of the insecticide B. bassiana to control the 3rd instar armyworm was 15ml/L and became the reference concentration in the field. With the application of once every 2 days the intensity of S. frugiperda attacks before the application of B. bassiana is 7% and after the application is 3%. Then with the application of B. bassiana once every 5 days the intensity of S. frugiperda attacks before the application is 3% and after the application is 1%. The average weight of wet cobs per sample for blocks 1 and 2 were 248 and 237 grams, respectively. The average dry shell weight per sample in block 1 and block 2 was 150.62 and 167 grams, respectively.

The influence of growth regulators on the tea quality in the foothill zone of the North-West Caucasus

Agroecological assessment of the natural resources of the Adygea allowed to identify the main factors limiting the productivity of tea plants. Such factors determine a low yield and tea quality within the zone. Tea refers as a food product; therefore, to activate productivity and improve quality indicators on plantations, it is possible to use eco-friendly cultivation technologies only, for example, processing with growth regulators, which are used in organic farming. The content of ascorbic acid, extractives and tannin in 3-leaf tea flushes was determined. The treatments with growth regulators activate the accumulation of ascorbic acid by 1.5 - 1.8 times compared to the control option (116.8 mg/g of raw mass). Moreover, the largest amount of ascorbate is synthesized in flushes treated with rokohumin (177.8 mg/g) and bombardier (207.9 mg/g). Studies have shown that when treated with growth regulators, there is a slight increase in the amount of extractives (32.1-34.9 %, in the control – 31.3 %) and tannins (21.7 % – 22.9 %, 20.4 % in the control). The calculation of the smallest significant difference showed the presence of significant differences between the experimental options and the control for all the analysed characteristics.

Evaluasi Sifat Fisikokimia Mie Basah Dengan Subsitusi Tepung Tulang Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos)

Milkfish bone waste from the thornless milkfish industry contains have sufficient protein, calcium and phosphorus element. The milkfish bones can be processed and used as fish bone meal which is used as a substitute for processed foods, including wet noodles. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical analysis of noodles wet. The research design used was a completely randomized design with one factor, namely the formulation of. milkfish bone meal to substitute for wheat, with the composition, F0 (100:0), F1 (95:5), F2 (90 :10), F3 (85:15) and F4 (80:20). Research observations include water content, protein content, water absorbtion, dough expantion and texture. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANAVA) and the smallest significant difference (BNT) if, there was a difference at the 5% level of significance. The substitution formulation of milkfish bone meal had a significant effect on all parameters.The more addition of milkfish meal.the higher the protein content will increase the rate protein content and the water content, water absorption,dought expantion and texture are lower.Base on the protein content, it is recommended to add 20% fish bone meal because it has the highest protein content. The best treatment for water content, water absorption, dough expantion and texture was the addition 0f 5% fish bone meal.
 
 Keywords: Substitution, fish bone meal, wet noodles, physicochemical analisis

Pengaruh Kombinasi Kulit Semangka (Citrullus lanatus) Dan Jambu Biji Merah (Psidium guajava) Terhadap Kualitas Selai Lembaran

Producing fruit leather in Indonesia is still rarely done in the food industry, even though it is hoped to make bread presentation problems more practical. Fruit leather can be made from fruits, such as using watermelon skin (albedo) which is often discarded even though the pectin content is high. Watermelon rind has a color, taste and aroma that is less attractive, so it needs to be combined with red guava because it has a distinctive color, taste and aroma. This study aims to identify the effect of the combination of watermelon skin and red guava on sheet jam's chemical, physical, and organoleptic characteristics. Also, to determine the most preferred combination based on organoleptic tests. The study used a completely randomized design with 1 factor: a combination of watermelon skin and red guava with 4 levels of treatment : P1 (20% : 80%), P2 (30% : 70%), P3 (40% : 60%) dan P4 (50% : 50%). Parameters observed were water content, pectin content, pH, ash content, reducing sugar content, total dissolved solids and texture. This data is analyzed by Analysis of Variance and the smallest significant difference (if there is a difference). The organoleptic test was carried out on 44 panelists (untrained) covering taste, color, aroma and texture using five levels of preference scale: very dislike (1), dislike (2), neutral (3), like (4) and very like (5). The formulation with the use of more watermelon skin and less red guava resulted in an increase in water content and pectin content, the texture was more supple. On the other hand, reducing sugar content, total dissolved solids and ash content decreased. In terms of color and taste, panelists prefer P1 and P2 treatments. Regarding aroma, the four treatments received relatively the same response, as for texture, panelists prefer the P3 treatment, therefore the recommended combination is treatment P1 and P2.
 
 Keywords: fruit leather, watermelon skin, guava, jam quality, organoleptic test

Економічна й енергетична ефективність передпосівної обробки насіння огірків грибом Trichoderma viride

Goal. To give economic and energy assessments of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Trichoderma viride fungus in the technology of growing cucumber in the open ground. Methods. Field experiments were performed following generally accepted guidelines. The economic and energy efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of cucumber seeds with the fungus Trichoderma viride was determined by methodological approaches based on comparing the result of a particular agricultural measure with the cost of its implementation. Prices for resources and agricultural products are taken at the average actual level according to available statistics. To assess the significance of the differences between the variants of the experiments, the smallest significant difference was calculated. Results. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the fungus T. viride 017 helped to reduce the unit cost by 777 UAH/t (26.5%), increase the notional profit by 36654 UAH/ha and increase the estimated level of profitability of cucumber production by 104.4 percentage points. The energy efficiency coefficient of the energy content of the main product for the pre-sowing treatment of cucumber seeds with the fungus T. viride 017 is 1.42 (44%). At the same time, the energy content of cucumber harvest increases by 39,650 MJ/ha (44.9%) due to increased yield. Conclusions. Based on the results of many years of field experiments, agricultural production is proposed to use pre-sowing treatment of cucumber seeds with the fungus T. viride 017, which is an economically and energetically feasible measure in the technology of growing crops.

Tuba root (Derris elliptica Benth) flour extract concentration assay to control the corn cob borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.)

Pests that attack the corn crop are cob borers (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner). The pest control can be done using tubal root botanical insecticide (Derris elliptica Benth.). This study aims to obtain the best concentration of tuba root powder extract in controlling the corn cob borer pests H. armigera. Research has been carried out at the Plant Pest Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, University of Riau. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given were several concentrations of tuba root powder extract, namely 0 gr.l−1 of water, 20 gr.l−1 of water, 40 gr.l−1 of water, 60 gr.l−1 of water, 80 gr.l−1 of water and 100 gr.l−1 of water. The parameters observed were initial death, lethal time 50, lethal concentration 50 and 95, daily mortality and total mortality. Daily mortality data obtained from the results of the study were analyzed descriptively and displayed in graphical form, data lethal concentration (LC50 and LC95) were probit analyzed using the POLO-PC program, while other data such as initial death, total mortality, lethal time (LT50), statistically analyzed using a variance. Data from analysis of variance will be continued using the smallest significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% level. The application concentration of tuba root extract with 100 g.l-1 of water is the best concentration to control larvae of H. armigera with an initial time of death 26.50 hours, 67.50 hours of LT50, highest daily mortality on the fourth day by 40% and total larval mortality by 87.5%.

Reproducibility of total and regional body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis

Our study aimed to assess the reproducibility of total and regional body composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to compare them to healthy subjects. The study enrolled 80 subjects including 32 healthy subjects, 31 RA patients, and 17 AS patients. Each subject had two scans in one day under the same standard conditions and none ate nor drunk before being repositioned on the table. The reproducibility was assessed through the coefficient of variation (CV), the least significant change (LSC), the intraclass correlation (ICC), and the smallest significant difference (SDD). Total body composition measurements obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were highly reproducible, and there was no statistically significant difference between reproducibility in healthy subjects, patients with RA, and patients with AS. For total body fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and bone mineral content (BMC) in the total population, CV values were 1.71%, 1.25%, and 1.74%, respectively; ICC values were 0.998, 0.996, and 0.993, respectively; LSC values were 4.88%, 3.7%, and 5.2%, respectively; and SDD values were ± 1.23 Kg, ± 1.47 Kg, and ± 126.0 g, respectively. For regional body FM, LM, and BMC in the total population, CV values in the arms were 8.46%, 4.17%, and 3.79%, respectively; in the legs 6.24%, 3.59%, and 2.04%, respectively, and in the trunk 5.02%, 2.92%, and 5.24%, respectively. Total body tissue mass, FM percentage, FM, LM, and BMC measurements obtained by DXA are highly reproducible in RA and AS.

Comparison of Wet Destruction, Dry Ashing, and Acid Homogenic Methods In Determining Na And K in Beef and Chicken Using Flame Photometer

This research was purposed to compare the yield of destruction method in determining sodium (Na) and potassium (K) content in beef and chicken by using flame photometer. The destruction methods used they are wet destruction, dry ashing, and acid homogenic method. In acid homogenic method two types of acid are used as solvents are HCl and HNO3 with concentration variation of 0.5 M; 1 M; and 1.5 M. While the wet destruction method uses a mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 (1: 2) and the dry ashing method uses only HNO3. The highest Na content obtained from the three methods after being analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Smallest Significant Difference (SSD) test was found in the dry ashing method that is 86.33 mg Na in beef, when compare with the literature is around 64 – 69 mg. While the highest K content was found in acid homogenic method using HCl solvent is 618.77 mg K in beef, when compare with the literature is around 334 – 355 mg.

Pengendalian Kejadian Gugur Bunga dan Buah (Fruit-drop) dengan Aplikasi Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) dan Giberelin Pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)

Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan data dan informasi morfofisiologi kejadian gugur bunga dan buah (fruit-drop) pada tanaman cabai terhadap pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) auksin (IAA dan IBA) dan GA3. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Petak Terpisah dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah 3 jenis ZPT yaitu IAA, IBA, dan GA3. Anak petak yaitu konsentrasi perlakuan yang terdiri dari 5 taraf (ppm) yaitu 0, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 ppm. Data yang diperoleh dianalis menggunakan software STAR dan jika terdapat beda nyata diuji lanjut dengan Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan IAA, IBA, dan GA3 serta konsentrasi perlakuannya tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah bunga tinggal maupun bunga gugur pada tanaman cabai besar. Namun, hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa perlakuan ZPT menghasilkan jumlah bunga tinggal yang lebih banyak dibandingkan bunga gugur. Pemberian IAA 25 ppm menghasilkan jumlah buah tinggal tertinggi dibandingkan konsentrasi IAA lainnya. Peningkatan konsentrasi GA3 cenderung meningkatkan jumlah buah tinggal dan tertinggi pada konsentrasi GA3 100 ppm. Interaksi antara jenis ZPT dan konsentrasi pemberiannya berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot per buah. Perlakuan GA3 100 ppm menghasilkan bobot per buah tertinggi. Peningkatan konsentrasi auksin cenderung menurunkan bobot per buah. Pemberian IBA 100 ppm menurunkan panjang buah cabai besar.

A comparison of undergraduate outcomes for students from gateway courses and standard entry medicine courses

BackgroundGateway courses are increasingly popular widening participation routes into medicine. These six year courses provide a more accessible entry route into medical school and aim to support under-represented students’ progress and graduation as doctors. There is little evidence on the performance of gateway students and this study compares attainment and aptitude on entry, and outcomes at graduation of students on the UK’s three longest running gateway courses with students studying on a standard entry medical degree (SEMED) course at the same institutions.MethodsData were obtained from the UK Medical Education Database for students starting between 2007 and 2012 at three UK institutions. These data included A-levels and Universities Clinical Aptitude Test scores on entry to medical school and the Educational Performance Measure (EPM) decile, Situational Judgement Test (SJT) and Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA) scores as outcomes measures. Multiple regression models were used to test for difference in outcomes between the two types of course, controlling for attainment and aptitude on entry.ResultsFour thounsand three hundred forty students were included in the analysis, 560 on gateway courses and 3785 on SEMED courses. Students on SEMED courses had higher attainment (Cohen’s d = 1.338) and aptitude (Cohen’s d = 1.078) on entry. On exit SEMED students had higher EPM scores (Cohen’s d = 0.616) and PSA scores (Cohen’s d = 0.653). When accounting for attainment and aptitude on entry course type is still a significant predictor of EPM and PSA, but the proportion of the variation in outcome explained by course type drops from 6.4 to 1.6% for EPM Decile and from 5.3% to less than 1% for the PSA score.There is a smaller significant difference in SJT scores, with SEMED having higher scores (Cohen’s d = 0.114). However, when measures of performance on entry are accounted for, course type is no longer a significant predictor of SJT scores.ConclusionsThis study shows the differences of the available measures between gateway students and SEMED students on entry to their medical degrees are greater than the differences on exit. This provides modest evidence that gateway courses allow students from under-represented groups to achieve greater academic potential.

RESPON TIGA VARIETAS CAISIM (Brassica juncea L.) TERHADAP BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR

Liquid organic fertilizer is a technology in fertilizing to facilitate application. This study aims to study the response of three types of caisim plant varieties that are applied liquid organic fertilizer with several levels of concentration. The study was conducted using a Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD), which was arranged in factorial with three replications. The first factor is three varieties of caisim (V) consisting of three levels, namely: v1 = tosakan variety, v2 = shinta variety, v3 = kumala variety. The second factor is the concentration of organic liquid fertilizer (C) consisting of three levels, namely: c1 = 3 ml / l water, c2 = 6 ml / l, c3 = 9 ml / l. The homogeneity of the research data was tested by Bartlett test and Tuckey tested the data in addictiveness then analyzed with variance and continued with the smallest significant difference test (LSD) at 5% level. The results showed that the use of three types of caisim varieties showed significant differences in the growth and yield of caisim plants as indicated by the plant height, leaf number and shoot-root ratio. The treatment of liquid organic fertilizer concentration showed no significant difference in the growth and yield of caisim plants in all observed variables.

Efektivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Daun Patikan Kebo (Euphorbia hirta) Terhadap Jamur Penyebab Kandidiasis (Candida albicans)

<em>Candidiasis is an infectious disease caused by the fungus Candida albicans. This study aims to determine the effect of patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta) leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans. This research is an experimental study which was compiled using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by giving Patikan Kebo (E. hirta) leaf extract in several concentrations, the concentrations of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, and 60% and controls (aquadest) and C. albicans mushroom with three repetitions. The parameters measured are the amount of inhibitory diameter formed around the paper discs in the 24 hour and 48 hour period. D ata obtained with three repetitions and observations of 24 hours and 48 hours showed that giving patikan kebo leaf extract in several types of concentration had an effect on inhibiting the growth and fungi of C . albicans. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (F-test) at the level of α 0.05 and continued using the Smallest Significant Difference (LSD) α 0.05 where the results showed that the giving of patikan kebo extract significantly affected the microbial growth test (C. albicans), where the higher the concentration of patikan kebo leaf extract, the greater the inhibition zone formed around the paper disk. </em>

Effects of the 4 week plyometric training program on explosive strength and agility for basketball players

The paper was effects of the 4 week plyometric training program on explosive strength and agility for basketball players. Totally 20 basketball players were volunteered for the study (age = 15 years +/- 6 months). They were divided to 2 groups: the control group (CG, n = 10; height = 171.930 cm, weight = 70.840 kg, BMI = 20.563), the experimental-plyometric group (EG, n = 10; height = 173.090 cm, weight = 64.300 kg, BMI = 19.068). The tests are twelve (13) variables of them, 3 from anthropometric and 10 motor tests. According to the results of the CG, significant small differences are presented in two tests, such as 20m running (sprint) testing with significant differences (p= 0.013), and abdominal muscle testing with significant differences (p= 0.036). However, in the PG, significant differences in four tests, the jump from place to length with significant differences (p= 0.003), the high jump with the approach of one foot significant differences (p= 0.035), push-ups (pump) test with significant difference (p= 0.004), Illinois Agility test with significant difference (p= 0.004). Through which it was possible to conclude that the effects of the experimental-plyometric training program of the game basketball indicators.

UJI PENGARUH TEPUNG AZOLLA (Anabaena azollae) DENGAN TAKARAN YANG BERBEDA PADA PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN NILA SRIKANDI (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the provision of azolla flour into pellet feed to improve the performance of tilapia. This study used a complete randomized block (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications with doses, namely: (K - 100% pellet feed), (A - 75% + 25% Azolla pellet), (B – pellet 50% + 50 % Azolla), (C - pellet 25% + 75% Azolla) main parameters include weight growth, survival and feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed utilization efficiency (EPP). While supporting parameters include temperature, pH, DO. Then the data obtained was processed dst and analyzed using excel, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence of 95% and continued using BNT test. If there was a significant effect on the treatment. The ANOVA test results showed that the administration of azolla flour on feed did not have a significant effect on absolute growth and daily growth rate, survival FCR, and efficiency of feed utilization (EPP) of tilapia (p<0.05), thus the results of the study could be concluded the addition of azolla flour to tilapia feed in this study did not have a significant effect, so there was no need to do further tests on BNT0.05 (Smallest Significant Difference). The results in this study on absolute growth control treatment amounted to 0.83 gram, specific growth rate of 0.69%, FCR of 1.72, survival (SR) of 53% while feed utilization efficiency (EPP) of 43.82% no one has a real influence.