Small Units Research Articles

Research on Family Sex Education of Chinese College Students Based on System Ecology Theory

The enlightenment and development of family sex education is very important for students, and college students have better protection to avoid a high number of sexual accidents. To prove the importance of enlightenment and development of family sex education, this paper accesses to proper method and attitude to spread sex education in the microsystem of system ecology theory, that is sex education in the family. A comprehensive study was conducted by analyzing a series of papers from the perspective of system ecology theory. Many sexual defects lead to a high number of accidents in college students, but also physical injuries and psychological trauma. Sex education is analyzed in terms of the family as the smallest unit in system ecology because the family should be the unit that initially enlightens sex education. The shortcomings of sex education in China are one of the most serious problems in education. It is clear to recognize the present situation of family sex education which is also regarded as a microsystem in the concept of system ecology, such as the influence of parents’ sexual concepts and parents' educational level. Suggestions for family sex education are necessary to be carried out. Chinese college students lack enlightenment and development of sex education, especially family sex education, the smallest sex education development unit. Therefore, parents should be allowed to establish the concept of correctness and cultivate their ability to sex education at the same time. Sex knowledge in the social publicity should also cooperate with family sex education.

Peran Keluarga dalam Pembentukan Akhlak Islami pada Anak-Anak: Perspektif Akidah Akhlaq

The formation of Islamic morals in children requires a significant role from the family as the smallest unit in society. In this context, the perspective of akhlaq becomes the main foundation that guides families in guiding children towards behavior that is in accordance with Islamic teachings. This research uses a qualitative approach and case study design to explore the role of the family in the formation of Islamic morals in children, taking into account the perspective of akhlaq. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with family members and direct observation of family interactions. The results show that the family has a central role in the formation of children's Islamic morals, with the values of akhlaq being the main guideline in this process. This research provides a deeper understanding of the importance of family and the perspective of the creed of akhlaq in the formation of Islamic morals in children.

Quantum Coherence Effect in the Interaction of Light and Molecules

AbstractUnderstanding the quantum coherence effects is crucial for their promising applications, such as engineering artificial photosynthesis, manipulating chemical reactions, and designing coherence‐based functional devices. Considering that a molecule is the smallest unit that can exist independently and maintain its physical and chemical properties, investigating the quantum coherence effects of molecules is of great significance in understanding their features. In this case, exploring quantum coherence effects in the interaction of light and molecules has been one of the leading topics. This review presents an overview of state‐of‐the‐art spectroscopic techniques and deep insights into molecular quantum coherence effects. It also offers prospects for future advancement. First, the history of development and origins of quantum coherence effects are briefly introduced in molecules. Then, the principle and exciting experimental progress of sophisticated techniques for investigating molecular quantum coherence effects are discussed. Late, molecular quantum coherence effects and their promising applications in various areas have been evaluated. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions are look ahead for studying the effects of quantum coherence on molecules. This review may offer some guidance to boost the understanding and employing the molecular quantum coherence effects.

Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry in Italy: historical development and models of intervention

AbstractThe birth of Consultation-Liaison (CLP) in Italy was made possible thanks to Act 180/1978, which started a 20-year-process that led to closing asylums and fostered the implementation of small psychiatric units within the general hospitals. In the meantime, Italian CLP grew steadily, fostered also by the enactment of two “Objective Mental Health Care” Plans (1994-1996 and 1998-2000), that led to the implementation of the organizational model of the mental health department (MHD).As far as psychiatric referrals are concerned, the first Plan states that the MHD covers all territorial and hospital-based activities, in order to assure, among other services, the integration with hospital (with special attention paid to the Emergency Department and to consultation activity in non-psychiatric hospital wards) and general medicine (as well as other sectors, including mother and child health care). With respect to psychiatric referral, the Second Plan states that “In the 24 months following the entry into force of the Plan, MHDs will adopt guidelines and procedure concerning several issues, including consultation-liaison activity in non-psychiatric hospital wards (which also includes mental health care for “psychiatric” patients hospitalized for non-psychiatric disease in the general hospital) and in Department of Addictions (for alcohol and other substances use disorders. According to the second Plan, Community Mental Health Services (CMHCs) provide, among other performances, CLP activity for general practitioners. Inside general hospitals, psychiatric referrals to non-psychiatric wards are provided by inpatient psychiatric units, when CLP Services are not available. Since a standard definition of psychiatric consultation is not available, the one provided by the Italian region Emilia-Romagna will be used. The Region includes “consultation” among mental health services provided by CMHCs, and defines it as follows: “Psychiatric or psychological assessment carried out upon request from other [non psychiatric] Departments. The consultation includes both clinical interview with the patient and the medical report for the department that referred the patient.” The ways to identify consultation as one among other types of services provided by the MHD are defined, to count the overall number of consultations and monitor the clinical activity of health professional working in the different branches of the MHD. The following types of consultations are reckoned: consultations requested by general practitioners (who work within the Primary Care Department); consultations requested by the Department of Addiction (a branch of the MHD); and consultations requested by the Department of Child-Adolescent Psychiatry (which, as the previous one, is a branch on the MHD).Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The second life of the Rîșleacov mansion in Soldanesti

The Rîsleacov family was part of the category of Bessarabian nobles, Dvoreni of Ukrainian origin on the paternal line, ranked among the local nobility and recorded, in 1824, in the 3rd part of the Genealogical Book from Bessarabia. Both archival documents and oral history testify that the nobles of the Risleacov lineage contributed to the development of the locality, serving in state offices, being founders of the village church and local philanthropists. Being large landowners, the members of the Risleacov family built on their estate mills, a small brick factory, other small agrarian industrial units. The house and auxiliary constructions of the mansion, which initially covered an imposing area of 5 ha, have been preserved until now, and the documentary heritage with reference to this theme, offers the possibility of reconstructing the forgotten pages of the history of Bessarabia from the second half of the 19th century-20s of the 20th century. Currently, the Rîsleacov mansion is being brought back to life by the Soldanesti History and Ethnography Museum, finding its headquarters here which, unfortunately, is not included in the Register of state-protected monuments in the Republic of Moldova.

Simulation-free determination of microstructure representative volume element size via Fisher scores

A representative volume element (RVE) is a reasonably small unit of microstructure that can be simulated to obtain the same effective properties as the entire microstructure sample. Finite element (FE) simulation of RVEs, as opposed to much larger samples, saves computational expenses, especially in multiscale modeling. Therefore, it is desirable to have a framework that determines the RVE size prior to FE simulations. Existing methods select the RVE size based on when the FE-simulated properties of samples of increasing sizes converge with insignificant statistical variations, with the drawback being that many samples must be simulated. We propose a simulation-free alternative that determines the RVE size based only on a micrograph. The approach utilizes a machine learning model trained to implicitly characterize the stochastic nature of the input micrograph. The underlying rationale is to view RVE size as the smallest moving window size for which the stochastic nature of the microstructure within the window is stationary as the window moves across a large micrograph. For this purpose, we adapt a recently developed Fisher score-based framework for microstructure nonstationarity monitoring. Because the resulting RVE size is based solely on the micrograph and does not involve any FE simulation of specific properties, it constitutes an RVE for any property of interest that solely depends on the microstructure characteristics. Through numerical experiments of simple and complex microstructures, we validate our approach and show that our selected RVE sizes are consistent with when the chosen FE-simulated properties converge.

Importance of Nano-Sized Feed Additives in Animal Nutrition

"Nano", which derives from the Latin word nanus and means dwarf, refers to a very small unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology, which deals with the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular level, has an application area in animal husbandry as well as in many fields. Nano-sized feed additives, which have come to the forefront in the livestock sector in recent years, have become an innovative application used to increase the nutritional value of feeds and optimize animal health and performance. Since these additives are nano-sized particles with increased specific surface area, they can have a positive effect on a number of factors such as digestibility, nutrient absorption, immune system, growth and development. Minerals in the form of nanoparticles used as feed additives can increase bioavailability by passing through the intestinal wall to body cells faster compared to larger particles. The nano level of the substance not only increases the productivity of animals, but also brings the potential to improve the functionality of feed molecules. Nano feed additives increase the digestion and absorption of feed, allowing animals to benefit from feed more effectively. However, there are several challenges associated with this approach. These include the potential for endotoxin production, reduced nutrient absorption due to interaction with natural nutrients, the possibility of nanoparticle accumulation in the animal body, health risks, ethical considerations, environmental concerns and some negative effects such as interference with natural nutrients that can be avoided by encapsulation. This article discusses recent studies on nano-sized feed additives that offer potential benefits in animal nutrition.

DECENTRALIZATION AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE: EXPERIENCE OF THE EU COUNTRIES

The analysis of modern Ukrainian political and legal research suggests that the theory is dominated by the understanding of the territorial organization of power according to which the territorial community is the basis for the organization of the system of community development management. According to the researchers, it is the excessive number of small administrative-territorial units of the basic level that has determined the need for reform. The lack of the necessary economic and human resources makes it impossible for basic local government units to effectively exercise their powers. The main problem of decentralization is that the creation of new territorial communities did not take into account resource provision, transportation tasks, and economic and geographical zoning in general. The author analyzes and compares the experience of EU countries in decentralization. To ensure a favorable climate for the decentralization process, special regional development institutions have been created in different countries as executive bodies that assist various departmental structures in their activities, and these can also be independent institutions for the development of regional development programs and fund management, public non-profit organizations, and other non-governmental organizations working in partnership with government institutions. Today, in the context of war, our state as a whole and each individual territorial community in particular lives by different principles, budgets are formed and used in a completely different way, many projects have been suspended, funds allocated for them have been redirected to other areas, and mass migration has taken place both within the country and abroad.
 The article reveals that, according to the researchers, an excessive number of small administrative-territorial units of the basic level determined the need for decentralization reform. It is found that the main problem of decentralization is that the creation of new territorial communities did not take into account resource provision, transportation tasks, and economic and geographical zoning in general. The author analyzes and compares the experience of EU countries on decentralization issues. It is determined that the goals and objectives of the state policy on reform and decentralization are formed and coordinated with each other, they are specified in various programs and regulations. It can be argued that, in general, Ukraine is moving in the right direction in terms of reforming local self-government and territorial organization of power and covers all socially important areas.

Environmentalism on the American Extreme Right

American right-wing extremists have rarely explicitly stated environmental policies. However, they have exhibited implicit environmentalism. It has resulted from a fusion of three factors: an intense distaste for cities; a belief in the supremacy of small social and governmental units; and the self-sufficiency known as survivalism. These result in a romantic nostalgia for an agrarian, pre-industrial past when current environmental problems did not exist. The most extreme extension of this mode of thinking is the radical right’s belief in the creation of a ‘white homeland’ in the Pacific Northwest. Religion does not affect the character of the implicit environmentalism surveyed here but is evident in extremists’ millenarian or utopian ideas about the future.

Characterization of Mitoribosomal Small Subunit unit genes related immune and pharmacogenomic landscapes in renal cell carcinoma.

Mitoribosomes are essential for the production of biological energy. The Human Mitoribosomal Small Subunit unit (MRPS) family, responsible for encoding mitochondrial ribosomal small subunits, is actively engaged in protein synthesis within the mitochondria. Intriguingly, MRPS family genes appear to play a role in cancer. A multistep process was employed to establish a risk model associated with MRPS genes, aiming to delineate the immune and pharmacogenomic landscapes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). MRPScores were computed for individual patients to assess their responsiveness to various treatment modalities and their susceptibility to different therapeutic targets and drugs. While MRPS family genes have been implicated in various cancers as oncogenes, our findings reveal a contrasting tumor suppressor role for MRPS genes in ccRCC. Utilizing an MRPS-related risk model, we observed its excellent prognostic capability in predicting survival outcomes for ccRCC patients. Remarkably, the subgroup with high MRPS-related scores (MRPScore) displayed poorer prognosis but exhibited a more robust response to immunotherapy. Through in silico screening of 2183 drug targets and 1646 compounds, we identified two targets (RRM2 and OPRD1) and eight agents (AZ960, carmustine, lasalocid, SGI-1776, AZD8055_1059, BPD.00008900_1998, MK.8776_2046, and XAV939_1268) with potential therapeutic implications for high-MRPScore patients. Our study represents the pioneering effort in proposing that molecular classification, diagnosis, and treatment strategies can be formulated based on MRPScores. Indeed, a high MRPScore profile appears to elevate the risk of tumor progression and mortality, potentially through its influence on immune regulation. This suggests that the MRPS-related risk model holds promise as a prognostic predictor and may offer novel insights into personalized therapeutic strategies.

The Price of Losing Autonomy: Assessing the Economic Impact of County-to-District Mergers in China

Amalgamations in democratic settings often result in disadvantages for small and peripheral units, as their political power diminishes in the merged jurisdictions. This article extends the discussion to China by assessing the economic outcomes of county-level units after their conversion into districts directly controlled by city authorities. Leveraging a large county-year panel dataset and employing an advanced causal effect estimator, my analysis reveals a generally less optimistic outlook for these county-turned districts following the mergers. The negative impacts are initially evident in microeconomic indicators, especially in resident deposits, and later materialize in the long-term trajectories of macroeconomic indicators. Furthermore, heterogeneous analysis and a comparative case study in Hangzhou city link the problem to the loss of administrative autonomy. Notably, the negative impacts are less likely to manifest in county-turned districts that are under provincial protection and therefore maintain a certain degree of administrative autonomy after the mergers.

Penerapan Terapi Minum Teh Hijau Dalam Mengontrol Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi Pada Keluarga Ibu A di Kelurahan Bambu Apus RT 14 RW 03 Kecamatan Cipayung Jakarta Timur

Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure rises chronically (long term) and has the potential to cause extreme illness or death to the individual. Individuals who are diagnosed as suffering from hypertension if there is an indication that the systolic blood pressure is greater than 140 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is less than 90, which is more, if treatment is not carried out intensively and treatment can also be carried out early, can have a high risk of causing degenerative disease, namely retinopathy. , thickening of the heart wall, kidney damage, coronary heart disease, rupture of blood vessels, stroke, can also result in sudden death. The family has an important role in efforts to improve health and reduce the risk of disease in society because the family is the smallest unit in society, the role of the family is very important in every aspect of family health care, for this reason the family plays a role in determining the type of care needed by the family. Family nurses have a role, namely helping families to solve health problems by increasing the family's ability to carry out health care functions and tasks. Based on data, one effort to lower blood pressure is by giving green tea (Camelia sinensis). Tea has the main properties that come from the polyphenols contained in it.

Technical note: Testing the connection between hillslope-scale runoff fluctuations and streamflow hydrographs at the outlet of large river basins

Abstract. A series of numerical experiments were conducted to test the connection between streamflow hydrographs at the outlet of large watersheds and the time series of hillslope-scale runoff yield. We used a distributed hydrological routing model that discretizes a large watershed (∼ 17 000 km2) into small hillslope units (∼ 0.1 km2) and applied distinct surface runoff time series to each unit that deliver the same volume of water into the river network. The numerical simulations show that distinct runoff delivery time series at the hillslope scale result in indistinguishable streamflow hydrographs at large scales. This limitation is imposed by space-time averaging of input flows into the river network that are draining the landscape. The results of the simulations presented in this paper show that, under very general conditions of streamflow routing (i.e., nonlinear variable velocities in space and time), the streamflow hydrographs at the outlet of basins with Horton–Strahler (H–S) order 5 or above (larger than 100 km2 in our setup) contain very little information about the temporal variability of runoff production at the hillslope scale and therefore the processes from which they originate. In addition, our results indicate that the rate of convergence to a common hydrograph shape at larger scales (above H–S order 5) is directly proportional to how different the input signals are to each other at the hillslope scale. We conclude that the ability of a hydrological model to replicate outlet hydrographs does not imply that a correct and meaningful description of small-scale rainfall–runoff processes has been provided. Furthermore, our results provide context for other studies that demonstrate how the physics of runoff generation cannot be inferred from output signals in commonly used hydrological models.

Abstract 2943: Investigation of microsatellite instability in RNA compared to DNA, using microsatellite targeted, anchored multiplex PCR and NGS

Abstract MSI measurements are typically made on DNA, but it would be useful to make similar measurements from RNA or total nucleic acid inputs (TNA), so that MSI determinations could be made in parallel to interrogation of the RNA. Doing so requires characterizations of microsatellite lengths from those which are transcribed and untranscribed, because both will be detected following cDNA creation. Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs when small unit repeats of DNA undergo incorrect replication resulting in the growth or contraction of the number of repeats in the newly synthesized DNA. This accumulation of errors at microsatellite DNA is usually mitigated by the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway which can correct these errors. MSI is of interest because it serves as a phenotypic readout of the status of the MMR machinery, and MSI status can correlate to tumor progression and response to agents that regulate these cellular mechanisms. We investigated the status of microsatellites using Anchored Multiplex PCR (AMP™) targeted panels (RUO) and compared results from TNA inputs using an AMP MSI module and both VARIANTPlex™ chemistry to interrogate DNA, and FUSIONPlex™ chemistry to interrogate both RNA + DNA. Our results indicate differences in the diversity of lengths of microsatellites present in RNA, and the resulting stability calls which would be made at those sites. Microsatellite length diversity was highly dependent on the genomic context of the microsatellite. Microsatellites located within transcripts showed increased length diversity when examining the RNA + DNA results compared to DNA alone. Microsatellites located in intergenic regions, which are unlikely to be transcribed, showed no increase in diversity of lengths when comparing the RNA + DNA results to DNA alone. While these results suggest that MSI determinations could be made from RNA or RNA + DNA NGS data, the unique behavior of microsatellites in RNA is likely to require additional investigations and unique data analysis techniques to correctly categorize microsatellites as stable or unstable. Confidential - Company Proprietary Citation Format: Ryan Rogge, Taylor Patterson, Alicia Navetta, Dhruti Legare. Investigation of microsatellite instability in RNA compared to DNA, using microsatellite targeted, anchored multiplex PCR and NGS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2943.

ReSA: Reconfigurable Systolic Array for Multiple Tiny DNN Tensors

Systolic array architecture has significantly accelerated deep neural networks (DNNs). A systolic array comprises multiple processing elements (PEs) that can perform multiply-accumulate (MAC). Traditionally, the systolic array can execute a certain amount of tensor data that matches the size of the systolic array simultaneously at each cycle. However, hyper-parameters of DNN models differ across each layer and result in various tensor sizes in each layer. Mapping these irregular tensors to the systolic array while fully utilizing the entire PEs in a systolic array is challenging. Furthermore, modern DNN systolic accelerators typically employ a single dataflow. However, such a dataflow isn’t optimal for every DNN model. This work proposes ReSA, a reconfigurable dataflow architecture that aims to minimize the execution time of a DNN model by mapping tiny tensors on the spatially partitioned systolic array. Unlike conventional systolic array architectures, the ReSA data path controller enables the execution of the input, weight, and output-stationary dataflow on PEs. ReSA also decomposes the coarse-grain systolic array into multiple small ones to reduce the fragmentation issue on the tensor mapping. Each small systolic sub-array unit relies on our data arbiter to dispatch tensors to each other through the simple interconnected network. Furthermore, ReSA reorders the memory access to overlap the memory load and execution stages to hide the memory latency when tackling tiny tensors. Finally, ReSA splits tensors of each layer into multiple small ones and searches for the best dataflow for each tensor on the host side. Then, ReSA encodes the predefined dataflow in our proposed instruction to notify the systolic array to switch the dataflow correctly. As a result, our optimization on the systolic array architecture achieves a geometric mean speedup of 1.87X over the weight-stationary systolic array architecture across 9 different DNN models.

Quality and functional attributes of muffins with incorporation of fruit, vegetable, and grain substitutes: A review

Raw ingredients directly affect the quality of processed foods. Along with improvements in processing technology, processed food production has grown significantly. The percentage of bakery products in total food consumption is very high, and soft bakery foods despite having a short shelf life, are well-liked because of their deliciousness. Special attention is paid to muffins with various combinations of nutritive ingredients and organoleptic qualities. Recent research studies have extensively covered the use of various fruits, vegetables, and grain and their by products as raw materials and value-added incorporation in the muffin to produce a nutrient-rich and highly valuable muffin. The present study provides a detailed observation of three major categories of incorporated ingredients, including fruits, vegetables, and their processing by products, as well as some other grain-based ingredients used as raw materials that add value. The study compiles a brief for their use in baked goods while reviewing the literature on ingredients. The findings of the literature analysis show an increase in the nutritional content of bioactive substances like antioxidants in the muffins. It has been revealed that using ingredients derived from fruits and vegetables is safer and more effective in terms of nutrition. Muffins may have a higher quality and better nutritional profile when certain combinations of fruit- and vegetable-based ingredients are added to the main ingredient. It will be helpful to researchers, food manufacturers, and small and medium-scale bakery unit operators about various aspects of the raw materials and properties connected with new muffin formulations and the standardization of stabilized products.

Ethical issues in un-organized market for fruits and vegetables in Mysore district

Ethical issues in un-organized market for fruits and vegetables in Mysore district

REVISITING GLOBAL ENDEMISM PATTERNS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTORS: PUTTING THE FOCUS ON SPECIES RANGE-RESTRICTIONS AT FINE SPATIAL GRAINS

Global endemism assessments at fine spatial grains can offer many information about the endemic species richness that inhabit an area, but unable to provide insights on to what extent species distribution ranges are restricted to that area. This inability to account for species range-restrictions prevents recognizing the level of species uniqueness to particular sites, which is necessary to both understand the processes involved in the maintenance of endemism patterns and effectively conserve worldwide biodiversity. To circumvent this problem, the research proposes to use an index capable of measuring the proportion of species restricted to small spatial units. Using species range maps of terrestrial vertebrates, it was assessed global endemism patterns based on species range-restrictions as a counter position to the common use of species richness. Furthermore, it has been evaluated the role that different environmental variables have as predictors of these patterns through simultaneous autoregressive regression. Results showed the highest reported congruence among vertebrate endemism patterns, which suggest the influence of similar processes that affect species range-restrictions through space. Environmental variables explained more than 68% of the total variance on vertebrate endemism, so it is discussed their role as factors that promote species range-restrictions by limiting organism geographic distributions.

THE IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE IMPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MICRO AND SMALL INDUSTRIES IN INDONESIA

The micro and small industries play an important role in the growth of the national economy, as evidenced by the increasing number of micro and small business units every year and their contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased revenue for micro and small industry players, forcing them to make efficiency measures in their business. To overcome this difficult situation, implementing e-commerce in micro and small industries is considered an important marketing strategy to maintain business continuity. In fact, only a few micro and small business actors apply e-commerce. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the implementation of e-commerce in micro and small industries, as well as the impact of e-commerce implementation on the performance of micro and small businesses in Indonesia. The data used in this study were secondary data from the 2019 survey of micro and small industries conducted by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and the respondents were categorized into two groups: micro and small industries (SMI) that implement e-commerce and those that do not. The data was analyzed using propensity score matching. The study results showed that the implementation of e-commerce has a positive and significant impact on the performance of micro and small industries, namely an increase in employees, revenue, and business profit.

The dynamic facility location problem with mobile production units: A waste recycling application

This paper presents a multi-period location–production problem involving small recycling units that are embedded in standard containers and can, therefore, be relocated from site to site at short notice. The waste generated over time at different locations can be stored up to a specific limit, at which point recycling must occur. A mixed-integer program is implemented to plan the relocation of the mobile recycling units in such a way that the total cost resulting from waste transport and facility relocation is minimized. To solve large instances, three heuristics are developed that form the basis for a detailed computational study. The results reveal that mobile recycling units can significantly reduce the total costs compared to centralized recycling because (a) a larger number of mobile recycling units, (b) larger storage capacities, and (c) more short-term relocation possibilities increase the optimization scope and thus the possibility to reduce the total transport distances, and thereby, the costs. However, achieving this requires intelligent planning that considers the complex interdependencies between the influencing parameters and balances the existing trade-offs.