Smaller Member Research Articles

The commonwealth must not wake up feeling terrible

As the Millennium approaches, the future of the Commonwealth will depend on how it responds to four main issues—its role in relation to small states, its readiness to discipline wrong‐doing in member countries; the criteria for expansion of its membership; and the strengthening of the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting. The Commonwealth must continue to help its smaller member states with bread‐and‐butter issues to enable them to retain national autonomy and maintain the welfare of their peoples. The extension of the remit of the Ministerial Action Group set up after the execution of Ken Saro‐Wiwa in Nigeria from its present focus on three Commonwealth military regimes to other governments seriously and persistently violating the principles of the Harare Declaration is essential to the credibility of the Commonwealth. The potential loss of the shared foundation of the Commonwealth by the admission of member states which lack the common legal and administrative processes, educational background and t...

Parasitic twins - new observations

In the course of the last 7 years we observed two cases of unequal twins, “thoracopagus parasiticus.” When a conjointed twin is unequal, the smaller member of the conjoined pair is spoken of as a parasite and the more nearly normal one as the autosite [3]. Reports about their anatomy and physiology are lacking in the literature, and therefore an attempt has been made to provide some information on the anatomy and physiology of the parasite.

Response of reinforced high-strength concrete beam–column joints under load reversals

With the increasing use of high-rise reinforced concrete structures, high-strength materials, smaller member sections and larger reinforcing bars should be employed. Therefore, the stress resistance capacity of a joint is also required to be increased over other parts of a structure. The application of high-strength concrete has progressively increased in many structures, and it has now been used in many parts of the world. Previous research1–3 has shown that the behaviour of a reinforced high-strength concrete structure subjected to monotonic or earthquake-type loading is significantly different from that of a reinforced normal-concrete structure. It tends to be brittle when overloaded to failure, and to show a more sudden appearance of microcracking. Lack of ductility in concrete members raises serious concerns for structural safety. The behaviour of reinforced high-strength concrete members and joints must be accurately assessed before high-strength concrete can be used with confidence in reinforced concrete frame structures. The objective of this experimental research was to study the behaviour of reinforced high-strength concrete beam–column joints, and to develop a new approach for the design of such joints in high-rise reinforced concrete buildings.

The Political Economy Of Centralization And The European Community

Since 1972, the share of central government expenditure in total public expenditure has continued to increase in most industrial countries. In an international cross-section analysis, it has a significant positive effect on the share of government spending in GDP. The actors who have an interest in centralization are analyzed. The dynamics of centralization are attributed to a response asymmetry and two thresholds. 'Popitz's law' of the attraction of the larger budget is tested with respect to the EC Commission: high-ranking politicians come mainly from the smaller member states. The voters' attitudes toward European unification are analyzed in a pooled regression. Copyright 1994 by Kluwer Academic Publishers (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

A search for aliquot cycles below 10¹⁰

A search for aliquot k-cycles below 10 10 {10^{10}} with k ≥ 3 k \geq 3 is described. Two new 4-cycles are exhibited. Six new 4-cycles not below 10 10 {10^{10}} are also exhibited.

Computation of All the Amicable Pairs Below 10 10

An efficient exhaustive numerical search method for amicable pairs is .described. With the aid of this method all 1427 amicable pairs with smaller member below 1010 have been computed, more than 800 pairs being new. This extends previous exhaustive work below 108 by H. Cohen. In three appendices (contained in the supplements section of this issue), various statistics are given, including an ordered list of all the gcd's of the 1427 amicable pairs below 1010 (which may be useful in further amicable pair research). Suggested by the numerical results, a theorem of Borho and Hoffmann for constructing APs has been extended.

Blood sugar levels in twin neonates.

Blood sugar determinations were carried out on 50 pairs of twins before the initiation of first feeds. The mean blood sugar values of 36.69±14.03 mg/dl were observed. Blood sugar values had a definite correlation with birth weight and gestational age, significantly higher values were observed in infants weighing 2250 gm had above and having a gestational age of over 37 weeks. The mean sugar values did not differ between the larger and smaller twin in the 2 groups less than 25 percent discordant, nor were the values influenced by birth order or sex of these infants. Significant hypoglycemia (blood sugar <20 mg%) was observed in smaller member of the twin (70%) in 7 infant.

A Spontaneous Interchange Heterozygote inCapsicum ChinenseJacq.

SUMMARYThe behaviour of a spontaneous interchange heterozygote in Capsicum chinense has been analysed. It showed 44.4% pollen sterility and PMCs with 10II + 1 ring or chain of four chromosomes or 10II + 1III + 1I or 11II + 2I in addition to cells with 12II. The somatic chromosome set of 2n = 24 has one homomorphic and a second heteromorphic pairs of satellited chromosomes. It is inferred that the smaller member in the heteromorphic pair is the normal chromosome and that during the interchange its homologue has shifted a very short satellited segment to a centric segment of a nonhomologous chromosome, bearing no satellite, to form the longer chromosome in the heteromorphic pair.

Introducing the AAPM

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine, affiliated with AIP since 1968, recently became a full member of the Institute. Though the AAPM is one of the smaller member societies, it may be the fastest growing. Founded in 1958, its membership is now close to 1000. This growth reflects the burgeoning interest of physicists in the social applications of their science and may be related also to the somewhat restricted opportunities in the more traditional branches of physics. Whatever the reasons, AIP members are likely to become increasingly aware of AAPM as this active society works to strengthen the substantial links it has already forged between the physics and medical communities.

Amicable numbers and their distribution

All the amicable pairs whose smaller member is less than108{10^8}are now known. Using this data a conjecture is made about the distribution of amicable pairs. A result on "crowds" (sociable numbers of order 3) is also given.

STUDIES OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

Blood sugar determinations were done during the first 5 days of life on 100 sets of twins. Hypoglycemia was found in the smaller member in 8 of 11 pairs who were discordant by more than 25% with the smaller twin weighing less than 2.0 kg. Hypoglycemia occurred in one other pair of the remaining 89 sets of twins. Blood glucose values were not influenced by the birth order or the sex of the infants. Infants who weighed over 2,500 gm had significantly higher blood sugars than those who weighed below 2,500 gm.