Small Decline Research Articles

The dim light melatonin onset across ages, methodologies, and sex and its relationship with morningness/eveningness.

The onset of melatonin secretion, the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), is a tool for determining the phase of the circadian timing system. Although small studies have investigated the impacts of age and methods of calculating DLMO, there is no DLMO reference range. In the current study, the saliva DLMO from 3579 participants from 121 published studies and plasma DLMO from 818 healthy controls from 31 studies (aged 3-73 years) were analyzed. In a subset of 53 papers (1749 participants), individual saliva DLMO and Morningness Eveningness Questionaire (MEQ) scores were obtained from authors or mined from publications and a reference range was constructed. Saliva DLMO was earliest in children to 10 years of age and latest around 20 years of age and thereafter advanced with age by 30 min in the oldest participants. Melatonin assay methods and DLMO calculation methods had little effect on the determination of the DLMO. Saliva DLMO was correlated (p < 0.001) with the MEQ score; lower MEQ scores were associated with later DLMO. MEQ scores increased with age, reflecting a tendency toward morningness. An evaluation of 14 saliva DLMO studies of clinically diagnosed patients living with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (mean ages 20 to 31 years) revealed mean saliva DLMO within the reference range albeit at the late extreme. Peak plasma melatonin levels from 179 studies of healthy participants revealed a high degree of variability within studies and age groups, but only a small decline between the 20 and 50 years and lowest levels after 70 years.

A physiological comparison of the new-over 70 years of age-marathon record holder and his predecessor: A case report.

Purpose: This study assessed the body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, fiber type and mitochondrial function, and training characteristics of a 71-year-old runner who broke the world record marathon of the men's 70-74 age category and held several other world records. The values were compared to those of the previous world-record holder. Methods: Body fat percentage was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography. , running economy, and maximum heart rate were measured during treadmill running. Muscle fiber typology and mitochondrial function were evaluated using a muscle biopsy. Results: Body fat percentage was 13.5%, was 46.6mlkg-1min-1, and maximum heartrate was 160beats∙min-1. At the marathon pace (14.5kmh-1), his running economy was 170.5mlkg-1km-1. The gas exchange threshold and respiratory compensation point occurred at 75.7% and 93.9% of the , i.e., 13kmh-1 and 15kmh-1, respectively. The oxygen uptake at the marathon pace corresponded to 88.5% of . Vastus lateralis fiber content was 90.3% type I and 9.7% type II. Average distance was 139km∙w-1 in the year prior to the record. Conclusion: The 71-year-old world-record holder marathon showed a relatively similar , lower percentage of at marathon pace, but a substantially better running economy than his predecessor. The better running economy may result from an almost double weekly training volume compared to the predecessor and a high type I fiber content. He trained every day in the last ∼1.5years and achieved international performance in his age group category with a small (<5% per decade) age-related decline in marathon performance.

Weak precipitation δ2H response to large Holocene hydroclimate changes in eastern North America

In eastern North America, annual precipitation increased by >40% over the Holocene, largely in response to melting of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The change substantially raised lake levels and transformed conifer-dominated ecosystems into mesic deciduous forests. δ2H values of terrestrially derived leaf-wax n-alkanes can facilitate diagnoses of the climate dynamics involved by reconstructing δ2H values of mean annual precipitation (δ2HMAP). However, competing influences on δ2HMAP values in the mid-latitudes, such as changes in moisture sources and in the seasonal distribution of precipitation, can generate confounding effects. To test δ2HMAP sensitivity to potential changes associated with the final Holocene phases of deglaciation in eastern North America, we used 14 fossil-pollen records to reconstruct monthly precipitation changes and to model δ2HMAP values during the Holocene. The pollen-inferred precipitation increased by 100–200 mm during both cold and warm seasons, but modeled δ2HMAP values changed by only ∼10‰, because isotopically-heavy summer precipitation increased by nearly as much as the cold-season isotopically-light winter precipitation. Three new leaf wax n-C29-alkane (δ2HC29) records spanning the Holocene from Vermont, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts closely follow modeled δ2HMAP trends and confirm only a small decline in δ2HMAP values over the Holocene. Because the shifts in precipitation seasonality accurately predict the n-alkane records, changes in moisture sources or pathways appear to play only a minor role in the regional δ2HMAP history despite the effects of deglaciation on atmospheric circulation. Soil evaporation also did not significantly alter δ2HC29 values from the values predicted using the pollen-derived reconstructions. The results affirm that δ2HC29 values faithfully detected anticipated isotopic changes in δ2HMAP values, but that important paleoclimate events may not always yield strong changes in δ2HMAP values.

Early Joiners and Startup Performance

We show that early joiners---non-founder employees in the first year of a startup---play a critical role in explaining firm performance. We use administrative employee-employer matched data on all US startups and utilize the premature death of workers as a natural experiment exogenously separating talent from young firms. We find that losing an early joiner has a large negative effect on firm size that persists for at least ten years. When compared to that of a founder, losing an early joiner has a smaller effect on firm death but intensive margin effects on firm size are similar in magnitude. We also find that early joiners become relatively more important with the age of the firm. In contrast, losing a later joiner yields only a small and temporary decline in firm performance. We provide evidence that is consistent with the idea that organization capital, an important driver of startup success, is embodied in early joiners.

Aging a Decade in a Day: Age Cutoff Bias in Adjuvant Therapy Allocation for Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Physicians may expedite interpretation of data presented as a continuous variable by binning the data into "high" and "low" subgroups (cutoff heuristic). Use of this cognitive shortcut with age may lead to fewer nuanced or inappropriate decisions. We hypothesized an age cutoff heuristic may lead to non-evidence-based adjuvant treatment allocation among patients with early-stage breast cancer. Two cohorts with strong indications for adjuvant treatment regardless of age that underwent lumpectomy for early-stage breast cancer between 2004 and 2017 were identified in the National Cancer Database. Cohort 1 had higher-risk features (estrogen receptor negative, endocrine therapy not planned, final margins positive, or size >3 cm; n=160,990) and was appropriate for radiation. Cohort 2 had hormone receptor positivity with tumors >5 mm (n=394,946) and was appropriate for endocrine therapy. Multivariable logistic regressions with odds ratios (ORs) and 99.8% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed to determine whether any single year-over-year age difference was independently associated with a difference in likelihood of adjuvant therapy recommendation. In cohort 1, radiation recommendation decreased sharply at age 70, ranging from 90% to 92% between the ages of 50 and 69 years to 81% for those aged 70 years. Multivariable logistic regressions showed year-over-year age difference was an independent predictor for adjuvant radiation recommendation at only age 70 versus 69 (OR, 0.47; CI, 0.39-0.57; P < .001). For cohort 2, endocrine therapy recommendation showed a small decline at age 70, and year-over-year age difference was a predictor of endocrine therapy recommendation at only age 70 versus 69 (OR, 0.86; CI, 0.74-0.99; P=.001). We observed a unique decline in appropriate adjuvant therapy recommendation between ages 69 and 70. This suggests use of an age cutoff heuristic to process patient age in this population as a categorical, binary variable. This is a previously undescribed phenomenon in early-stage breast cancer.

PENGARUH USAHA KECIL MENENGAH DAN SEKTOR PARIWISATA TERHADAP PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO (PDRB) DI KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO

The GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) of Probolinggo Regency has been impacted by the pandemic's influence on the number of tourists. If the drop in economic growth in the Probolinggo district is contrasted with the decline in the national economy, it becomes clear that the decline in economic growth in the Probolinggo district is smaller. Based on a comparison of processed data, the Probolinggo district's economic growth decreased by -2.12% while the nation's economic growth decreased by -4.25%. In comparison to other national tourism priorities like Bali, which saw a fall in economic growth of 11.06%, the area that is part of the national tourism priority has experienced a comparatively minor decline in economic growth. Because the Probolinggo district is categorized as experiencing a relatively smaller decline in economic growth when compared to Bali and several other national priority tourist areas, it can be said that this phenomenon is unique to study in the regency that has an international tourist area and is a national priority tourism area, namely Mount Bromo. In order to ascertain how the tourism industry and SMEs affect economic growth in the Probolinggo district, this research was carried out. Regression analysis using time series data is the technique employed. The results of the regression analysis reveal that the expansion of the MSME and tourist industries in the Probolinggo district is significantly influenced. However, only the MSME sector and not the tourism industry has a substantial and partial impact on the GRDP. Therefore, it can be concluded that the decline in economic growth in Probolinggo district, which is smaller than the decline in national economic growth, and in regions that have national priority tourism areas can be proven, namely that the tourism sector only influences the MSME sector simultaneously on GRDP but not partially.

Policy reform and farmers' coping strategies: The case of corn price shocks in Heilongjiang Province of China

AbstractA substantial decrease in corn prices caused by the policy reform in 2016 in China led to heterogeneous supply responses of corn producers: decreasing corn acreage, making no change in corn acreage, and expanding corn acreage. We investigate the causes and consequences of cropland allocation of the supply responses using the balanced panel data on corn‐producing households from 2015 through 2016 in Heilongjiang Province. We find that the corn producers largely acted in accordance with their own household resource endowments to make their choice decisions in response to the corn price shocks. Our results show that the decrease in corn prices led to a small decline in total corn acreage and a considerable increase in total acreage for soybeans and rice in 2016 and that the increase in total soybean acreage was more through area expansion rather than through substitution. Our results also show that crop structure for large‐scale producers was more responsive to corn price than for medium‐ and small‐scale producers. Given that continuous corn rotation prevails currently in Heilongjiang, our major finding suggests that the acreages planted to corn and soybeans cannot be easily adjusted by the market.

Total factor productivity growth in livestock production in Botswana: what is the role of scale and mix efficiency change in beef production?

ABSTRACT It is well established that improving livestock productivity has the potential to boost food security, income, and employment for rural communities. While the technical efficiency of the livestock sector has been extensively studied in both developing and developed countries, few studies have analysed total factor productivity (TFP) and its components (technical change, technical, scale, and mix efficiency changes). To fill this gap this study specifically analyses the TFP growth of 26 beef cattle producing districts in Botswana using the Färe-Primont index. This index does not only allow us to understand how TFP varies amongst the districts but also how it has changed over time (between 2007 and 2014) as well as examining what has been driving that change. We also employ a feasible generalised least squares estimator for panel data to identify sources of productivity and efficiency growth. Results show that livestock TFP increased during the study period, and that this was driven by technological change, whilst efficiency change (TFPE) decreased. Further, we found that the decline in scale-and mix efficiency change (OSME) was largely responsible for the slowdown of TFPE, with a relatively smaller decline in technical efficiency change (OTE) also contributing. Districts with foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks and restricted access to export markets had lower TFP growth whilst proximity to livestock advisory centres (LAC), off-farm income, education and herd size were shown to enhance productivity and efficiency growth.

PS-C18-6: THE IMPACT OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG USE ON INTRADIALYTIC BLOOD PRESSURE DECLINE CONSIDERING SEASONAL VARIATION: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Objective: Risk factors of intradialytic systolic blood pressure decline remain less understood. We aimed to identify clinical and laboratory predictors of intradialytic systolic blood pressure decline, considering its seasonal variation. Design and method: In a retrospective cohort of 47,219 hemodialysis sessions from 307 patients undergoing hemodialysis for 1 year in three dialysis clinics, seasonal variation and intradialytic systolic blood pressure decline predictors (predialysis systolic blood pressure - nadir intradialytic systolic blood pressure) were assessed using cosinor analysis and linear mixed models adjusted for baseline/monthly hemodialysis-related variables, respectively. Results: Intradialytic systolic blood pressure decline was highest and lowest in the winter and summer, respectively, following a clear seasonal pattern. In both models adjusted for baseline and monthly hemodialysis-related parameters, calcium channel blocker use was associated with a smaller decline (-4.58 [95% confidence interval (CI), -5.84 to -3.34], P &lt; 0.001; -3.66 [95% CI, -5.69 to -1.64], P &lt; 0.001) and alfa blocker use, with a greater decline (3.25 [95% CI, 1.53–4.97], P &lt; 0.001; 3.57 [95% CI, 1.08–6.06], P = 0.005). Baseline and monthly serum phosphorus levels were positively correlated with a decline (1.55 [95% CI, 0.30–2.80], P = 0.02; 0.59 [95% CI, 0.16–1.00], P = 0.007) and baseline and monthly normalized protein catabolic rate, inversely correlated (-22.41 [95% CI, -33.53 to -11.28], P &lt; 0.001; 9.65 [95% CI, 4.60–14.70], P &lt; 0.001) Conclusions: Calcium channel blocker use, alfa blocker avoidance, and serum phosphorus-lowering therapy may attenuate intradialytic systolic blood pressure decline and should be investigated in prospective trials.

The demographic consequences of sex‐selection technology

Over the last several years, highly accurate methods of sex selection before conception have been developed. Given that strong preferences for sex variety in offspring have been documented for the U.S., we ask what the demographic consequences of sex‐selection technology could be. Lacking variation across space and time in access to this technology, we estimate a dynamic programming model of fertility decisions with microdata on fertility histories. We leverage the quasi‐experimental variation inherent in the random determination of sex to identify the key structural parameter characterizing preferences for sex variety in offspring. We then simulate the introduction of this technology. While this technology can reduce fertility by allowing parents to efficiently reach their preferred sex mix, it could also increase it. This is because without this technology, many parents may opt not to have another baby given the uncertainty about its sex. Results suggest that these two effects operate simultaneously, but on net, sex‐selection technology ends up reducing the average family size among married women by less than 2% in the steady state, a much smaller decline than the one that would be predicted by alternative methods.

Changes in thrust force in swimmers in the annual training cycle

Abstract Study aim: Determination of changes in thrust force and effect size of training load in swimmers using four swimming strokes monitored 4 times a year. Material and methods: Five elite male swimmers were examined in a training macrocycle of 9 months. The swimmers were examined four times: at baseline (September), immediately after the winter Polish Championships (December), at the end of the transition period (March), and immediately after the summer Polish Championships (late May). Results: In all participants, significant differences in strength (p &lt; 0.001) were observed between measurements I and II (p &lt; 0.001) and between measurements I and IV (p &lt; 0.001). Athletes specializing in the 200 m were characterized by a smaller decline in thrust force. Athletes specializing in breaststroke had significantly higher (p &lt; 0.001) thrust values than the other participants. Conclusions: It is suggested that the trainers measure the thrust during the preparatory period in order to verify the applied training loads aimed at developing strength, as well as during the starting period to verify the competitor’s strength level in correlation with the sports result.

Technology and effect of small well spacing control decline in close well network

In order to further improve oil recovery, water flooding was adjusted for three times from 2009 to 2012. The spacing of injection-production Wells was shortened from 250 meters to 106 meters, and the density of well pattern increased from 90.7 to 196 per square kilometer. This leads to the problems of “rapid rise of water cut, large difference in oil formation production, and large production decline in block u”. In recent years, we by fine geologic research, to improve the poor thin oil layer use condition, controlling water cut rising velocity, as the key point, the energy recovery network continuously grope for dense well spacing control regulation technology, gradually formed dense well network from decreasing “three-excellent” control technology, through the effective implementation, improved the block development effect, achieve the goal of stabilizing oil water control.

Alignment of CCI total ankle replacements in relation to midterm functional outcome and complication incidence

BackgroundTotal ankle arthroplasty is increasingly used as a treatment for end stage ankle arthropathy. The aim of this study was to report the mid-term clinical function and survival results of Ceramic Coated Implant (CCI) ankle replacements and assess the association between the alignment of the CCI total ankle replacements and early functional outcome and complication incidence.MethodsData of 61 patients, who received 65 CCI implants between 2010 and 2016, were obtained from a prospectively documented database. Mean follow-up time was 85.2 months (range 27–99 months). Clinical function was assessed with AOFAS questionnaire and passive range of motion (ROM). Survival analysis and elaborate radiographic analysis was performed. Furthermore, complications and reoperations were recorded for all patients.ResultsProgression in ROM was most seen in the first 10 months from 21.8 degrees of passive range of motion preoperative to 27.6 degrees postoperative (p < 0.001), while the mean AOFAS gradually increased during follow-up postoperative from a mean of 40.9 points preoperative to an average of 82.5 but shows a small decline towards the end of follow-up (p < 0.001). During follow-up we recorded 8 failures (12.3%) resulting in a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of 87.7% with a median follow-up of 85.2 months.ConclusionWe observed excellent clinical results and survival after TAA with the CCI implant with only a low mid-term complication rate.Level of evidenceLevel III, prospective cohort study.

The Changing Mix of Gay Bar Subtypes after COVID-19 Restrictions in the United States, 2017 to 2023.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic marked a dramatic change in the gendered composition of gay bars and a slowing rate of overall decline. Trends are drawn from historic data from printed business guides supplemented with two national censuses of online business listings for LGBTQ+ bars. An online census shows a rebound from a nadir of 730 gay bars in spring 2021 to 803 in 2023. Bars serving mostly or only cisgender men plummeted in their share from 44.6 percent of all gay bars to only 24.2 percent. Bars serving men's kink communities also declined, from 8.5 percent to 6.6 percent of all gay bars. Bars serving men and women together increased from 44.2 percent to 65.6 percent of all gay bars. Lesbian bars nearly doubled from 15 to 29 establishments to 3.6 percent of the total. Bars serving people of color experienced a small decline in their share from 2019 to 2023.

Predicting the Potential of Rainfall Disaster Risk using Cellular Automata in Small Urban Declining Areas

Purpose: In declining cities, it is vulnerable to disaster risks due to the complex reasons such as aging of the buildings, decreases in population and slowly development of infrastructure. When making regeneration plans for declining areas, it is necessary to analyze and predict disaster risks. Therefore, this paper aims to predict the potentials of disaster risks in small-scale declining areas in cities that show risks in the future. Method: This study predicts potential of disaster risk by using cellular automata. By simulating the heavy rainfall disaster using RCP scenarios, 10-year unit change simulation results for heavy rainfall disaster risk are acquired. After simulating disasters that affect to the heavy rainfall disaster, we applied cellular automata to obtain a 10-year unit disaster risk potential. Result: By considering the yearly change values of disaster risk elements in small-scale urban regeneration regions, this study suggests a prediction method of disaster risk potential simulation for heavy rainfall. Our research contributes to the analysis and forecasting of disaster risks in aging small declining areas settings. We expect that the suggested model would be helpful to identify disaster risks and prioritize urgent areas in small decline cities in the future.

Pediatric Hepatitis C Quality Improvement Project Improves Healthcare Access.

Incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasing in women of reproductive age, leading to increased prevalence of HCV infection in children via vertical transmission. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to increase referrals to and appointments scheduled with a specialty pediatric gastroenterology HCV clinic and the number of eligible children with HCV who completed treatment. From July 2020 to August 2021, the QI team designed a project using the Model for Improvement and completed Plan Do Study Act cycles to test change ideas to improve HCV awareness and education for medical providers and families; standardize the referral process; track patients; increase clinic capacity; and connect families with community resource care coordination. Referrals to the pediatric HCV clinic, appointments scheduled, no shows, and treatment follow-up were tracked during the project period and a comparison timeframe from July 2019 to June 2020. There were improvements in several measures during the project period versus the comparison timeframe, with 80 versus 48 referrals received (66% increase), 115 versus 59 scheduled clinic visits (95% increase), and 7 versus 5 treatment completers (40% increase), along with a small (7%) decline in the proportion of scheduled clinic visits that were no shows. Application of QI methodology increased medical provider and caregiver awareness and engagement in accessing HCV healthcare available for at-risk children. More QI efforts should be accelerated to identify best practices amidst a nationwide HCV epidemic.

Research on Spatial and Temporal Pattern Evolution and Driving Factors of County Carbon Emissions in Underdeveloped Regions: Gansu Province of Western China as an Example

This paper used the Gini coefficient, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial autocorrelation model to analyze the overall changes, regional differences, spatio-temporal evolution pattern, and clustering characteristics of carbon emissions in 87 counties in Gansu Province from 1997 to 2017, based on which driving factors of carbon emissions were detected using the geographic detector model, so as to provide a reference for promoting low-carbon green development and ecological civilization construction in Gansu Province. The empirical research results found that county carbon emissions in Gansu Province showed a “first urgent and then slow” upward trend, and the difference in carbon emissions level has a slightly decreasing trend, and there are significant regional differences. Compared with other regions, the difference in county carbon emissions level in the Longzhong region has a smaller decline. Meanwhile, the county carbon emissions show spatial differentiation characteristics “medium-high and low-outside,” among which the carbon emissions in areas with better economic foundations are much higher than those in other areas, and the spatial polarization effect is obvious. In addition, there is a significant spatial positive correlation between county carbon emissions. The counties with high-high clusters are relatively stable, mainly concentrated in the Longzhong region, while counties with low-low clusters are slightly reduced, mainly concentrated in the southern ethnic region and the Longdongnan region, and the county carbon emission clusters type has a spatial locking effect. This is mainly due to the large differences in economic scale, industrial structure, and population size in Gansu Province, and the interaction between economic scale and other factors has a more significant impact on the spatial differentiation of carbon emissions. Moreover, the leading influencing factors of county carbon emission differences also have regional differences. Therefore, differentiated and targeted carbon emission reduction strategies need to be implemented urgently. Due to the lack of real county energy consumption statistics, the research results need to be further tested for robustness.

Determinants of Farm Revenue in Pakistan

Will small farm viability decline with the reduction of average farm size in Pakistan? This paper addresses the determinants of rural household and farm-related income. Using the 2001 PIDE Household Survey, the approach developed captures the potential interactions between farm returns and household, farm, and factor market characteristics (schooling, family size, land tenure and operational size, access to water, credit, and capital). Econometric results show: (a) returns to additional schooling and the revenue elasticity of operated acres increase with farm size; (b) medium and large farm renters would be willing to pay more than observed rents, implying an incentive to increase farm size at the prevailing rental values; (c) owneroperated farms, landowners who also leases in, and fixed rental tenants earn higher revenues than sharecropping tenants. The difference, however, between landowner/fix-renter income and sharecropper income varies with family and farm size, as well as water use. While these results favour farm size increase, the results also show that off-farm and non-farm income sources are relatively more important for small farmers, contributing to their viability. JEL classification: D13, Q12, Q15 Keywords: Pakistan, Land Markets, Rural Factor Markets, Revenue Function

Evoluții în demografia județului Sibiu, 1990-2021

Romania experienced a strong demographic decline during the three decades since the Revolution of 1989. However, this decline was not by all means geographically and historically invariable. Our paper focuses on a particular territorial subdivision of the country, namely the county of Sibiu, as a case study of a space that underwent rather a smaller decline and even experienced moments of growth. While we focus on the county scale, we also employ comparisons at other geographical scales. The analysis is developed around three main demographic aspects – total number of inhabitants, migration and indicators of natural growth. Our results display a demographic profile of the county which is strongly contingent across geography and history in all three demographic aspects. The demographic decline in Romania was steady and rather consistent throughout the three decades. Indeed, Sibiu county experienced also a decline during the first two decades, but displayed a pattern of growth during the last decade, mostly explained through the economic aspects, as the county is one of the country's most important growth poles. As showed in the paper, these evolutions were sustained by recent patterns of migration and natural population development in Sibiu that were more advantageous for population growth.

Experimental rice seed aging under elevated oxygen pressure: Methodology and mechanism.

Seed aging during storage results in loss of vigor and germination ability due to the accumulation of damage by oxidation reactions. Experimental aging tests, for instance to study genetic variation, aim to mimic natural aging in a shorter timeframe. As the oxidation rate is increased by elevating the temperature, moisture, and oxygen levels, this study aimed to (1) investigate the effect of experimental rice seed aging by an elevated partial pressure of oxygen (EPPO), (2) elucidate the mechanism of dry-EPPO aging and (3) compare aging under dry-EPPO conditions to aging under traditional moist-controlled deterioration (CD) conditions and to long-term ambient storage. Dry seeds from 20 diverse rice accessions were experimentally aged under EPPO (200 times higher oxygen levels), at 50% relative humidity (RH), along with storage under high-pressure nitrogen gas and ambient conditions as controls. While no decline in germination was observed with ambient storage, there was significant aging of the rice seeds under EPPO storage, with considerable variation in the aging rate among the accessions, with an average decline toward 50% survival obtained after around 21 days in EPPO storage and total loss of germination after 56 days. Storage under high-pressure nitrogen gas resulted in a small but significant decline, by an average of 5% germination after 56 days. In a second experiment, seven rice seed lots were stored under EPPO as compared to a moist-CD test and two different long-term ambient storage conditions, i.e., conditioned warehouse seed storage (CWSS) and traditional rice seed storage (TRSS). Untargeted metabolomics (with identification of lipid and volatile compounds profiles) showed a relatively high increase in levels of oxidized lipids and related volatiles under all four storage conditions. These compounds had a high negative correlation with seed viability, indicating oxidation as a main deteriorating process during seed aging. Correlation analysis indicated that EPPO storage at 50% RH is more related to aging under TRSS at 60% and CD-aging at 75% ERH rather than CWSS at 40% ERH. In conclusion, aging rice seeds under EPPO conditions is a suitable experimental aging method for analyzing variation among seed lots or genotypes for longevity under storage.