Small Territories Research Articles

New 30 m resolution Hong Kong climate, vegetation, and topography rasters indicate greater spatial variation than global grids within an urban mosaic

Abstract. The recent proliferation of high-quality global gridded environmental datasets has spurred a renaissance of studies in many fields, including biogeography. However, these data, often 1 km at the finest scale available, are too coarse for applications such as precise designation of conservation priority areas and regional species distribution modeling, or purposes outside of biology such as city planning and precision agriculture. Further, these global datasets likely underestimate local climate variations because they do not incorporate locally relevant variables. Here we describe a comprehensive set of 30 m resolution rasters for Hong Kong, a small tropical territory with highly variable terrain where intense anthropogenic disturbance meets a robust protected area system. The data include topographic variables, a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index raster, and interpolated climate variables based on weather station observations. We present validation statistics that convey each climate variable's reliability and compare our results to a widely used global dataset, finding that our models consistently reflect greater climatic variation. To our knowledge, this is the first set of published environmental rasters specific to Hong Kong. We hope this diverse suite of geographic data will facilitate future environmental and ecological studies in this region of the world, where a spatial understanding of rapid urbanization, introduced species pressure, and conservation efforts is critical. The dataset (Morgan and Guénard, 2018) is accessible at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6791276.

Temperature and territoriality in the Duke of Burgundy butterfly, Hamearis lucina

The Duke of Burgundy butterfly (Hamearis lucina) has undergone severe declines over the last four decades. However, in recent years the UK population appears to have begun expanding again. This is likely to be due to beneficial management, although a warming regional climate may also have contributed to the resurgence of this spring-flying species. In this study, we investigated the effect of air temperature on the flight behaviour of adult male Duke of Burgundy butterflies. We also looked at the ability of adult males to behaviourally thermoregulate their body temperature and assessed their tendency to remain within small established territories. Increasing air temperature lead to a marked increase in the number and duration of flights associated with territorial behaviour but had no significant effect on other flights. This suggests that high temperatures are particularly important for sustaining energetically-demanding flights involved in territory defence and mate interception, which could impact the reproductive potential of Duke of Burgundy populations. We also found that butterflies had only a limited ability to regulate their body temperature behaviourally and may, therefore, be especially dependent on suitable environmental conditions to maintain the right temperatures for these flights. During observations, most males also remained confined to a few square meters within their territories, which could further restrict butterfly ability to thermoregulate by limiting relocation to other habitat types. However, we did find more males to leave the confines of their territories than expected from reports in previous studies. Our findings highlight the key role that warm, sheltered locations on reserves have in supporting the Duke of Burgundy. If this traditionally poor disperser is to take advantage of a warmer climate and extend its range North, a close network of such areas, appropriately managed, may be critical.

Prerequisites and innovative aspects of Arctic tourism development

Nowadays, the study of the Arctic region highlights, and countries show increasingly greater attention in the developing of Arctic zone. Every country, that owns even a small territory in the Arctic region, tries to use this opportunity to develop tourism and drawing of tourist’s attention. Recently, the question of developing tourism in Arctic is risen more often. Tourism can become a major industry for the regions of Russian North, comparable with the transport or producing sectors. The article shows the Arctic zone as a promising region for the development in the tourist sector. It analyses the legislation documents, which characterize the regulation of activities in the Arctic at the international level. It was found out that the analyzed documents do relate to the activities of enterprises of the tourism industry in the Arctic only indirectly. Based on the analysis the development of legal and methodological documents regulating the tourism industry at the international and regional levels was proposed. In the article, based on an analysis of the structure of tourist flows in the Arctic countries and the structure of tourist routes presented in the Arctic regions of Russia, it was concluded that it is necessary to support regional development. For effective distribution of financial support, it is recommended to use the “Arctic tourism index” as an optimal mechanism for reflecting the overall development of the regions in the tourism industry, taking into account the existing socio-economic conditions. “Arctic tourism index” should become an approved assessment tool that characterizes the participants of the tourism market in the Arctic not only in the Russian Federation, but also at the international level.

Homisland-IO: Homogeneous Land Use/Land Cover over the Small Islands of the Indian Ocean

Many small islands are located in the southwestern Indian Ocean. These islands have their own environmental specificities and very fragmented landscapes. Generic land use products developed from low and medium resolution satellite images are not suitable for studying these small territories. This is why we have developed a land use/land cover product, called Homisland-IO, based on remote sensing processing on high spatial resolution satellite images acquired by SPOT 5 satellite between December 2012 and July 2014. This product has been produced using an object-based classification process. The overall accuracy of the product is 86%. Homisland-IO is freely accessible through a web portal and is thus available for future use.

The assessment of placental sharing using X-ray angiogram versus digital photograph: A prospective study

IntroductionWe aim to compare two different methods for the assessment of placental sharing in monochorionic diamniotic twins: X-ray-angiogram and digital photograph of the placenta. MethodWe included the placentas of a prospective series of twins that were followed from the first trimester onward and resulted in a double live birth or double stillbirth between April 2016 and February 2019. Injection was performed after delivery and an X-ray angiogram was made, as well as a digital photograph. On both of these, the territory of each twin was measured two investigators (IC and LL). Placental sharing discordance was determined using the following formula: (larger territory – smaller territory)/larger territory. We calculated the intra-class correlation coefficients for intra-observer and inter-observer reliability and used Bland-Altman analysis to compare both methods. Results77 placentas were included in the analysis. For both methods, there was an excellent intra- and inter-observer reliability. The mean difference in sharing (bias) on the X-ray and digital photograph using Bland-Altman analysis was 3,7% (95% CI 1,1% - 6,3%), where the digital photograph tends to overestimate the discordance. Limits of agreement were between −19% and 26%. ConclusionDelineation of the placental sharing on a digital photograph slightly overestimates the discordance. Since the venous territory on X-ray angiogram physically determines where each twin gets its oxygenated blood, X-ray angiogram may be a better method to determine placental sharing, although the digital photograph constitutes a valid alternative.

Population and colony structure of an ant with territorial males, Cardiocondyla venustula

BackgroundMany species of social insects have large-scale mating and dispersal flights and their populations are therefore often relatively homogenous. In contrast, dispersal on the wing appears to be uncommon in most species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla, because its males are wingless and the winged queens mate in their natal nests before dispersing on foot. Here we examine the population structure of C. venustula from South Africa. This species is of particular interest for the analysis of life history evolution in Cardiocondyla, as it occupies a phylogenetic position between tropical species with multi-queen (polygynous) colonies and fighting males and a Palearctic clade with single-queen colonies and mutually peaceful males. Males of C. venustula exhibit an intermediate strategy between lethal fighting and complete tolerance – they mostly engage in non-lethal fights and defend small territories inside their natal nests. We investigated how this reproductive behavior influences colony and population structure by analyzing samples on two geographic scales in South Africa: a small 40 × 40m2 plot and a larger area with distances up to 5 km between sampling sites in Rietvlei Nature Reserve near Pretoria.ResultsColonies were found to be facultatively polygynous and queens appear to mate only with a single male. The extraordinarily high inbreeding coefficient suggests regular sib-mating. Budding by workers and young queens is the predominant mode of colony-founding and leads to high population viscosity. In addition, some queens appear to found colonies independently or through adoption into foreign nests.ConclusionWhile C. venustula resembles tropical Cardiocondyla in queen number and mating frequency, it differs by the absence of winged disperser males. Dispersal by solitary, mated queens on foot or by short flights and their adoption by alien colonies might promote gene flow between colonies and counteract prolonged inbreeding. The abundance of suitable habitat and the high density of nests facilitate the spread of this species by budding and together with the apparent resistance against inbreeding make it a highly successful pioneer species and invader of degraded and man-made habitats.

La santé mentale des enfants placés. Une revue de la littérature

In France more than 140 000 children live in foster homes under the responsibility of the French Child Protection Agency. These children have lived in environments that cannot be good for their development and have been separated from their families which have to have consequences on their mental development. A literature review in France and abroad was made to identify the profiles of these children, their risk factors, and the mental disorders they can present. French child protection is handled by smaller territories, called Départements of which there are more than 90 and count around 1 000 000 people each. The number of foster children differ byDépartement, as do the placement types and meaning of the placement. More than half of these children have suffered maltreatment prior to placement. Comparing them to children of the same age, they present more internalizing and externalizing disorders, more addiction problems and suicidal behaviors. Protection factors have nonetheless been identified, such as early age of placement and placement stability. The main inhibitors of good health care are the absence of a common regulatory framework, source of organization difficulties, and the lack of collaboration between health and social services.French cohort studies using validated tools are necessary to precise and confirm these results. They could then lead to national recommendations for mental health screening and care organization, as well as validation of protocols for specific therapies for foster children.

Contribution of Cross-Cultural Projects in Foreign Language Education of University Students (by the Example of Murom Institute)

At present it has become evident that one of the principle goals of teaching a foreign language is to develop communicative competence at the level sufficient enough for a student to be effective in the international environment. The research takes into account the tendency to nationalization (versus internationalization) of foreign language education in the countries outside the Anglo-Saxon world.The project approach to foreign language teaching involving (1) the shift from knowledgebased orientation to activity-directed learning and (2) the emphasis on the national culture reflected in the local cultural peculiarities of an ancient Russian town – Murom is applied in this research. The research is based on the analysis of the 18-year experience of cross-cultural projects implementation by Professors and students of Murom Institute in cooperation with different inter-national centers. Several types of cross-cultural projects on the basis of the local component have been differentiated in accordance with the initiating organ-ization, the purpose and contents, the place of implementation, the participants, time length. Local cultural competence as an integral part of intercultural competence is outlined. The most effective methods are described.The paper concludes that the applied approach is of great help to foreign language educators working on small territories with respect to the possibility of organizing equal cross-cultural communication which contributes to national identity preservation.

Imaging of Brain Infarctions: Beyond the Usual Territories.

In this review, our intension is to present imaging features of several categories of uncommon cases of brain infarctions including infarctions associated with neurovascular variants, infarctions along small arterial territories, and brainstem stroke syndromes. Infarctions associated with neurovascular variants include azygos anterior cerebral artery territory infarction and artery of Percheron infarction. In the second group, we discuss anterior choroidal artery infarction and artery of Heubner infarction. The third group highlights brainstem stroke syndromes, including Claude and Benedikt syndromes due to midbrain infarction; Foville, Marie Foix, and locked-in syndromes due to pontine infarction; and Dejerine (medial medullary), bilateral medial medullary, and Wallenberg (lateral medullary) syndromes.

Public administration in territorial communities: organizational and financial aspects

Prospects for the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine and their financial support have been identified and investigated. Attention is drawn to the success of the process of budget decentralization, which largely depends on the financial capacity of local governments, which determines the performance of the functions entrusted to them. The general dynamics of the expenditures of the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine for the maintenance of public administration is analyzed. The efficiency of public administration and control over corruption in Ukraine is calculated. The expenditures per a unit of management of the united territorial communities of the Carpathian region and the united territorial communities of Central Ukraine (per capita and the share of expenditures on public administration in their own revenues) are examined. The analysis shows that the lowest share of public administration expenditures in own revenues (excluding transfers) is peculiar to communities with high financial capacity. United territorial communities with small territory and little population tend to have low financial capacity, and therefore high levels of share of public administration expenditures in their own revenues (excluding transfers). The exception is some small communities where the budget-forming companies are located. The paper proves that the united territorial communities of the Carpathian region in comparison with the united territorial communities of Central Ukraine are characterized by a high share of management expenditures compared to the average Ukrainian value. It is determined that the share of public administration expenditures in own revenues (excluding transfers) is lower with higher financial capacity of the budget, since such expenditures are relatively constant. The author suggests one of the best options for further development for communities, namely joining them with other territorial communities and creating a territorial community of larger size and population, optimizing the number of employees in public administration and the expenses for their maintenance.

A perceção dos stakeholders sobre o desenvolvimento turístico - o caso da ilha de São Miguel, Açores

Tourism in the Autonomous Region of the Azores, and especially in the island of Sao Miguel, has suffered in recent years a significant increase with repercussions on economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts. Strategic planning of the activity becomes even more challenging in small island territories. In this context, the present study aims to know the perceptions of different stakeholders about the impacts of tourism development; the identification of the main drivers of the competitiveness of the destination; and the characterization of the level of involvement and participation of local stakeholders in the planning process. Methodologically, we chose semi-directive interviews and content analysis from a sample of stakeholders from the island of S. Miguel. The results show that the positive economic impacts are the most noticeable, as one would expect in a destination in the growth phase, and a level of public participation still scarce.

Impact of London residents’ sociodemographic characteristics on the motives for visiting national parks

The establishment of national parks is motivated by the preservation of natural values and resources or, more precisely, landscape and biodiversity, as well as satisfying scientific, educational, health and recreational, tourism, cultural and other needs. They have two often conflicting purposes: to protect important natural and cultural resources and to offer the possibility to use these areas as well as to enjoy them. People love to travel to protected natural areas just because on a relatively small but representative territory they can see a large number of plant and animal species, as well as participate in recreational activities in a pristine environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the motives and constraints for visiting national parks in relation to age, education level and employment status. The research was conducted among the London residents who are potential visitors of national parks in England. A total of 107 respondents were questioned through an online survey. The results obtained in this study showed that there are differences in motives and constraints in relation to sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents. The results of this study could direct the management of national parks to focus more on identifying and meeting the needs of potential visitors because of the increasing popularity of ecotourism.

Tech-Enabled Role Model: From Troublesome Past to Herald of Progress

The interview describes the state of relations between Ukraine and Estonia through the lens of experience of Gert Antsu, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Estonia to Ukraine. It is mentioned Estonia has been one of the most consistent partners of Ukraine since establishment of diplomatic relations between Estonia and Ukraine, both in the past and recent years before and after the Revolution of Dignity and Russian aggression. Estonia undertakes a moral duty to support a friendly nation in these complex circumstances. However, even close political relations did not prevent damages to the sphere of economy, caused by aggression of the Russian Federation. The article reports the membership of Estonia in the Un Security Council will not bring substantial changes into relations with Ukraine, since they are friendly and close in any case. Estonia is highly interested in support of stable international order, taking into account the small territory of Estonia and frankly low force potential. Estonia is dedicated to a struggle against climate changes, since it faces ever-growing effects of such changes. Ten years ago, Estonia joined the EU Emissions Trading System, and Mr Ambassador participated in those negotiations. The article reports that e-governance is a positive trend among the priorities of policy of Mr Zelenskyi, President of Ukraine. Mr Ambassador has no doubts Estonia can contribute to enhancement of the system ‘Trembita’ that became a successful story of assistance of Estonia and the EU to Ukraine. However, to reveal the project potential in full, Ukraine has to solve several issues where experience of Estonia could be useful. The article also mentions Mr Ambassador studied Ukrainian. It would be hard for him to study it if he were from Belgium, Portugal or Korea and did not understand the peculiarities of the Slavic languages. He has about 30 book in Ukrainian, most of which are fictions. He considers studying of a language as an evident respect to the receiving state and a useful means for establishment of friendly relations with Ukrainian nation. Studying of languages is an integral attribute of a modern person, thus Mr Ambassador has no doubts: his successor will also study Ukrainian. Keywords: Estonia, interstate relations, climate changes, Ukrainian language, economic relations, e-governance.

Influences of Sites of Trypillia BI – Cucuteni A4 Stages on the Establishing of Styles of Panting of Ceramic Ware of Zalischyky Group of Trypillia ВI–ВII Stages (Upper and Middle Dnister Region)

It has been noted for a long time, that Ukrainian Trypillia sites are closely connected with Moldovan and Romanian settlements of Cucuteni-Ariușd. Tribes which were formed on the small territory of Seret River’s basin and middle reaches of Prut and Dniester Rivers migrated at the early stage to north and east. Appearance of painted ceramic ware in Sub-Dnister region as well as external influences on the formation of local groups in examined region in future are obviously associated with the expansion of Cucuteni tribes. In this context, we will search for the origins of painted ornament and trace transformation of painted tableware of transitional stage of the middle period of existence of culture (Trypillia BI-BII – Cucuteni AB). Namely, we will pay special attention to formation of Zalischyky group of Trypillia culture on the basis of earlier settlements of Trypillia BI – Cucuteni A4.

How Safe Are Industries in India? Ascertaining Industrial Injuries in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India by Capture-Recapture Method.

Context:Every year, more than 4 million people die from injuries worldwide. India reported 413,457 deaths due to unintentional injuries in 2015. Manufacturing industry is a major contributor to injury morbidity and mortality.Aims:This study aims to estimate the burden of industrial injuries in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India.Settings and Design:Dadra and Nagar Haveli is a small territory spread over 491 sq. km, having a population of 343,709 as per 2011 population census.Methods and Materials:The two-sample capture-recapture method was used for ascertainment of fatal and non-fatal injuries reported from 1st January to 31st December 2017. The first capture was data of injuries extracted from First Information Reports registered by the police. The recapture was data of injuries reported by the government health facilities.Statistical Analysis Used:Chapman estimator was used to derive total fatal and non-fatal injuries. An analysis was done using Microsoft Excel software.Results:According to police records, there were nine fatal and eight non-fatal injuries during the study period. Health facilities reported 21 fatal and 113 non-fatal injuries. Six cases of fatal and 3 cases of non-fatal injuries were found in both the data sources. The capture-recapture analysis estimated 30 fatal (95% CI: 20 to 40) and 225 non-fatal injuries (95% CI: 90 to 420).Conclusions:Both records of police and government health facilities underestimate fatal and non-fatal injuries with under-reporting more pronounced in police records.

Plan of General V. Kurmanovych and Otaman F. Loner on the Transition of the Galician Army to the Carpathians in April 1919

In the article, the author investigates the views of the leadership of the WR UPR on the military operation of the possible transition of the Galician and UPR Armies to the Carpathian foothills in April 1919, which was developed by the Chief of Staff of the Galician Army Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Kurmanovych and Otaman Ferdinand Loner. This issue was the subject of discussion of the leadership of both armies at the meeting in Zdolbuniv on April 11, 1919.The author concludes that the withdrawal of two Ukrainian armies across the Zbruch would have positively influenced the course of military events, as this would have led to a war between Poland and Bolshevik Russia, which would have ultimately increased the chances of Ukrainians to create their own state. At that time, the Red Army had plans for a military breakthrough across Galicia to connect with the communist Hungary. The transition of the Ukrainian armies to the foothills of the Carpathians could give Galician and Dnieper refugees a chance to restore their combat capabilities over time. After all, this area created natural barriers in the Dniester region before the prevailing Polish Army. Also, Ukrainians would have cut off the front line with Poland.However, Colonel Viktor Kurmanovych and Otaman Ferdinand Loner in their military plan did not take into account the facts that it would be difficult to provide a longterm food supply for more than 40,000 Ukrainian soldiers in a small territory in the foothills of the Carpathians. Also, the possible low level of mobilization of new recruits was not considered.By their reluctance to unite two armies in Galicia or in the Dnieper Ukraine and give away their territories for the sake of others, the leadership of the WR UPR and the UPR, actually took on themselves the main blow of the Bolshevik invasion in 1919 and defended Europe from it. However, because of this unwillingness Ukrainians had lost all their land.In June 1919, the plan of the Galician Army campaign in the foothills of the Carpathians, developed by Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Kurmanovych and Otaman Ferdinand Loner, was actively implemented during the Chortkiv offensive. It was also considered on the eve of the WR UPR Government transition across the Zbruch, as well as during the Polish-Ukrainian War in 1920. This confirms the effectiveness of the plan.

Development, Status and Perspectives of Vine-growing and Wine-making in Bulgaria

Grapes and wine production on the Balkan Peninsula dated back to the ancient times due to the favorable natural conditions for vine-growing. Despite its small territory, with its geographic location Bulgaria has an extremely varied relief and climate. On the basis of the diverse terroir the country was divided into 5 wine-growing regions where along with the common, globally known vine varieties, some local ones, characteristic and typical of each region, are also grown. Over the past two decades, the development of the wine sector in the country and the legislation had been in line with the requirements and arrangements with the European Union. From 2002 to 2010 there was a significant decline in the cultivated area of vineyards and the wine export. Full control has been introduced on the planting of wine grape varieties. During the years following the accession of Bulgaria to the EU, there has been a gradual expansion of the cultivated areas with wine and table grape varieties, although the process of setting up new plantations is extremely slow. The preservation and expansion of the vineyards of traditional Bulgarian varieties has been encouraged. Wine varieties dominate in the structure of vineyards and occupy 95% of the vineyards and the table grapes – about 5%. The red wine varieties are predominant, as they are about 58% of the area of ​​the vineyards and white wine varieties are 42%. During the last decade, the interest in bio and organic produce has grown strongly and the areas for organic grape production are constantly growing. Over the past 100 years, viticulture and wine-making development in Bulgaria had marked times of rise and times of severe crises however it had always preserved its place as a subsector determining the structure of Bulgarian agriculture, being of great importance for the country’s economy.

A Conversion Too Far

AbstractThe last Calvinist Baron of Büren died suddenly in 1610, after years of struggle with the Catholic Prince-Bishop of Paderborn. His widow Elisabeth converted to Catholicism, along with her four year old son Moritz. During her lifetime, the small territory her son controlled remained a relatively safe place for Protestants. Moritz, on the other hand, made a vow as a teenager to join the Jesuit order. After years of resisting his mother’s attempt to arrange a marriage for him, while enjoying a stellar career as a Jurist in the Reichskammergericht, Moritz fulfilled this vow after his mother’s death. The end of his life saw him involved in three separate lawsuits in an attempt to remove his family members from his ancestral lands and replace them with a community of Jesuits, to whom he had deeded his family’s property. The estate and town of Büren were entirely Catholic within fifteen years of the community’s establishment. This paper explores the difference between Elisabeth’s measured strategy of conversion and Moritz’s counter-Reformation inspired zeal.

Effect of landscape heterogeneity on termite tunnel pattern: Simulation study

Abstract Although the environment in which termites live is very heterogeneous, most experimental studies on the termite tunnel patterns have been conducted on homogeneous sand substrates. In order to explore how the heterogeneity affects tunnel patterns, I developed an agent-based model to simulate termite tunneling behavior at the individual level. In this model, grid space consists of easy and difficult areas for tunneling. Heterogeneity, H, was defined as the degree of the mixture of the two areas. The tunnel patterns formed by changing the number of termites, N, and H were quantitatively characterized by territory circularity and the territory area. These patterns were categorized into two groups, one with a small territory area and high circularity (group 1) and the other with a large area and low circularity (group 2). Considering the previous study that the termite populations with high N values have high territorial scalability, it can be said that the territories belonging to group 2 have higher foraging abilities and viability than those belonging to group 1. The simulation results showed that the tunnel patterns generated for small N and high H belonged to group 2. This implies that the heterogeneity can make a positive contribution to the expansion of the foraging area by effectively focusing the foraging energy of a termite population. I briefly discussed the mechanism of this positive role and the limitations of this simulation study. In addition, I discussed issues that need to be resolved in the near future to overcome the limitations.

On the development of geotouristic routes on the objects of the Precambrian Rock Association of the Western Priazоvia

The article describes the priorities of the development of a new sphere in tourism – the geological sphere (geotourism). We have developed a complex of neces- sary measures for increasing the touristic attractiveness of objects of the geological heritage including justification of the touristic value of the objects selected for creating the touristic routes, posting information about the objects on available web-sites, including not only geotouristic routes and objects in the surrounding area, but also any other tourist attractions: geobotanical, landscape, archeological, historical-cultural, sacral, ethnic, etc. The paper justifies the necessity of involving the outcrop of Precambrian rocks of crystalline basement as geotouristic objects of Western Pryazovia. It was determined that almost all the most attractive geotouristic objects are geological relics of nature or geosites, some of which have official status and are included in the Nature-Reserve Lands of Ukraine. The paper describes the most important pages of the ancient history of Pryazovia in general and the Berda river in particular. Three variants of routes have been proposed, each based on the observations of the authors and their colleagues during geological surveys and field geological practice with university students specializing in geology. It was found that the most promising objects for touristic routes are the outcrops of crystalline Precambrian rocks located along the Berda river and surrounding territories. There, one can see a practically full section of outcrops of rock associations of the Osypenkivska Archean seria, which compose the Olz- hinska metabasite and Krutobalkivska metasedimental suites; intrusive and ultrametamorphic formations which form the Osypen- kivskyi gabbro-diorite, the Shevchenkivskyi plagiogranite-tonalite and the Saltychanskyi granite complexes. Among the geological objects which are exposed to observation in this relatively small territory, there are deposits of gold (Surozhske), rare metals (Kruta Balka), ceramical pegmatite (Mohyla Zelena and Velykyi Tabir Ravinne), iron (Korsak Mohyla). These objects give us a full impres- sion of the structure of the crystalline massif of the Western Pryazovia megastructure of the Ukrainian shield. We have formulated the main recommendations for the preparation and conducting of geotourism routes in Ukraine,which can be the basis for development of both internal and external geotourism.