Small Series Research Articles

Low grade of satisfaction related to the use of current systemic therapies among pustular psoriasis patients: a therapeutic unmet need to be fulfilled.

Pustular psoriasis is considered a separate entity from plaque psoriasis and can be categorized as generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, or palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). Current guidelines mostly include treatment options that have not been specifically developed for the treatment of pustular psoriasis. The majority of them does not have indication for the treatment of pustular psoriasis. Their effectiveness and safeness have been described in small cohort-based studies or case series with a low level of evidence. Previous studies evaluated treatment response through physician-based assessment but none reported patient satisfaction to treatment, quality of life and patient perception of disease severity during systemic therapies, particularly with biologics commonly used in plaque psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate patient satisfaction to treatment and patients' quality of life during treatment, correlating patient-reported outcomes with residual disease severity. A cross-sectional, cohort-based, single center study included patients affected by pustular psoriasis undergoing treatment with systemic agents. Demographic, clinical characteristics were collected. Treatment satisfaction as well as disease severity were assessed through dedicated assessment scores. A total of 31 patients affected by GPP or PPP were included. Despite biologic treatment, 80.6% of patients continued to experience mild-to-severe disease activity, with discrepancies between patient and physician assessments. Patients reported a substantial impairment in their quality of life, with notable limitations in physical activity and emotional distress. Mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety disorders, were common. Treatment satisfaction varied, with moderate scores for effectiveness and convenience. Only a small proportion of patients (41.9%) reported complete or high overall treatment satisfaction. GPP and PPP subcohorts exhibited similar quality of life and treatment satisfaction levels. This study highlights the suboptimal control of PP despite biologic therapies, resulting in a significant impact on patients' quality of life and treatment satisfaction. The findings highlight the need for specific therapies and standardized guidelines for managing PP. New targeted therapies, such as spesolimab, hold promise for optimizing treatment satisfaction and improving patients' quality of life in this challenging condition. Future research should focus on refining treatment strategies to address the unmet needs of PP patients comprehensively.

Acute acquired comitant esotropia: Current understanding of its etiological classification and treatment strategies

Abstract: Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is characterized by acute onset of esotropia without limitation of eye movements in children and adults. AACE has been considered relatively rare, and most previous reports were small case series. However, recently, there has been great interest in this disease because of the rapid increase in the number of cases speculated to be related to the use of digital devices. In a growing number of studies, disputes remain regarding its etiology, clinical features, management, and classification. Herein, we review the literature on the history, clinical features, possible etiologic classifications, and treatment strategies for AACE to provide a comprehensive and updated understanding of the disease.

Diaphragmatic pacing for respiratory failure in children

Diaphragm pacing is a ventilation strategy in respiratory failure. Most of the literature on pacing involves adults with common indications being spinal cord injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Previous reports in pediatric patients consist of case reports or small series; most describe direct phrenic nerve stimulation for central hypoventilation syndrome. This differs from adult reports that focus most commonly on spinal cord injuries and the rehabilitative nature of diaphragm pacing. This review describes the current state of diaphragm pacing in pediatric patients. Indications, current available technologies, surgical techniques, advantages, and pitfalls/problems are discussed.

Short-term report of early glaucoma surgery with a clear lens extraction and an intraocular lens, OMNI canaloplasty, and a HYDRUS microstent: a case series in younger patients.

The purpose of this case series is to report the surgical outcomes from the combination of a clear lensectomy, OMNI® canaloplasty, and a HYDRUS® microstent with an adjacent goniotomy. This is a retrospective non-comparative single-center case series of four black patients of African descent with glaucoma who were treated with a clear lensectomy, OMNI canaloplasty, and a HYDRUS microstent with an adjacent goniotomy. The surgeries were performed by an experienced cataract and glaucoma surgeon, Daniel Laroche, MD. The parameters investigated in this study were postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and the mean number of preoperative and postoperative medications needed. The mean age of the four patients was 44.5 years. All patients had a mean postoperative reduction in IOP of 17 mmHg to 12.7 mmHg. The mean number of preoperative medications was 2.2, while the mean number of postoperative medications was 0.3. Potential complications such as hyphema, IOP spikes, or corneal edema were not seen in this series. All patients achieved a lower IOP and stable vision with less refractive error. Patients also experienced improved visual fields, clearer vision, and more open angles. Clear lensectomy and combined microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and narrow-angle glaucoma (NAG) results in the safe lowering of IOP. The limitations of this study include the small series size and the retrospective potential for bias. Further research with a larger series and a prospective trial with follow-up should be performed.

Symptomatic progression of frontotemporal dementia with the TARDBP I383V variant

ABSTRACT We present a longitudinal description of a man with the TARDBP I383V variant of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). His progressive changes in behavior and language resulted in a diagnosis of the right temporal variant of FTD, also called the semantic behavioral variant (sbvFTD). We also present data from a small series of patients with the TARDBP I383V variant who were enrolled in a nationwide FTD research collaboration (ALLFTD). These data support slowly progressive loss of semantic function. While semantic dementia is infrequently considered genetic, the TARDBP I383V variant seems to be an exception. Longitudinal analyses in larger samples are warranted.

Case Report of Absent Pulmonary Valve with Intact Interventricular Septum

Abstract Absent pulmonary valve syndrome is a rare cardiac malformation, usually associated with tetralogy of Fallot. Its presence with intact interventricular septum is even less common with case reports or very small series in the literature. We describe a case who presented with symptoms of right heart failure due to an absent pulmonary valve with severe pulmonary regurgitation and small atrial septal defect. Diagnostic evaluation revealed grossly dilated main pulmonary artery and rudimentary leaflets of the pulmonary valve with severe regurgitation. Ventricular septum was intact and there was no patent ductus arteriosus. Later, the patient underwent surgical prosthetic pulmonary valve implantation.

Difficult fetal extraction in cesarean section: Number 8 - 2024.

The main causes of difficult fetal extraction during cesarean section are deeply impacted fetal head and floating presentation of the fetus. Studies of management techniques for difficult fetal extraction during cesarean section and the maternal and neonatal results lack scientific evidence, as these predominantly come from case reports, small case series and expert opinions. The deeply impacted fetal head is usually associated with prolongation of the expulsion period and/or unsuccessful attempts at operative vaginal delivery. The main maternal complications associated with the management of the deeply impacted fetal head are lacerations in the lower uterine segment, hematomas in the uterine ligaments and injuries to the uterine vessels, cervix and/or urinary tract. The main neonatal complications associated with the management of a deeply impacted fetal head are intracranial hemorrhage, fractures of the skull and/or cervical spine, nerve injuries, perinatal asphyxia and even death. Among the maneuvers for delivery of the deeply impacted fetal head, the abdominovaginal delivery (push method) seems to be the most associated with maternal and neonatal complications. In the non-insinuated and floating fetal head, the internal podalic version followed by pelvic extraction differs from the reverse breech extraction (pull method). When the fetal head is high in the pelvis, the fetus is internally ejected before the extraction of its body segments, similar to the internal version performed in the vaginal delivery of the second twin with floating presentation of the fetus.

Lung Transplantation in Controlled Donation after Circulatory-Determination-of-Death Using Normothermic Abdominal Perfusion.

The main limitation to increased rates of lung transplantation (LT) continues to be the availability of suitable donors. At present, the largest source of lung allografts is still donation after the neurologic determination of death (brain-death donors, DBD). However, only 20% of these donors provide acceptable lung allografts for transplantation. One of the proposed strategies to increase the lung donor pool is the use of donors after circulatory-determination-of-death (DCD), which has the potential to significantly alleviate the shortage of transplantable lungs. According to the Maastricht classification, there are five types of DCD donors. The first two categories are uncontrolled DCD donors (uDCD); the other three are controlled DCD donors (cDCD). Clinical experience with uncontrolled DCD donors is scarce and remains limited to small case series. Controlled DCD donation, meanwhile, is the most accepted type of DCD donation for lungs. Although the DCD donor pool has significantly increased, it is still underutilized worldwide. To achieve a high retrieval rate, experience with DCD donation, adequate management of the potential DCD donor at the intensive care unit (ICU), and expertise in combined organ procurement are critical. This review presents a concise update of lung donation after circulatory-determination-of-death and includes a step-by-step protocol of lung procurement using abdominal normothermic regional perfusion.

Autologous nanofat harvested from donor site of full-thickness skin or skin flap grafting for the treatment of early postburn scarring: a case series.

Postburn scarring often presents a specific reconstructive challenge from both functional and cosmetic perspectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether autologous nanofat harvested from the donor site of full skin or a skin flap can be reused for the treatment of early postburn scaring. From July 2018 to April 2022, patients with early postburn scarring underwent scar reconstruction surgery with full-thickness skin or a skin flap for a contour deformity and/or scar contracture, and autologous nanofat grafting was performed during the same operation. The Vancouver Scar Score (VSS) and the itch and pain scores were evaluated at the preoperation time point as well as at 2-3 weeks and 3-months postoperation. A comparison was made among the same patients at different time points. A total of 17 patients, aged from 18 months to 62 years old were included in this analysis. The VSS was reduced from 10.00 ± 2.12 to 7.41 ± 1.277 at the 2-3-week postoperation time point, and to 5.53 ± 1.37 at the 3-month postoperation time point. The pain and itch score were reduced from 4.65 ± 1.37 and 6.35 ± 1.27, to 3.70 ± 1.10 and 4.94 ± 1.30 at the 2-3-week postoperation time point, and to 3.00 ± 1.28 and 3.94 ± 0.97 at the 3-month postoperation time point respectively. The VSS and pain and itch scores showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) at the 2-3-week and 3-month postoperative follow-ups compared with the preoperation time point. Autologous nanofat grafting from donor sites of full thickness skin or skin flap may be a promising treatment for an early postburn scaring as it promotes scar softening, improves itching and pain within the scar. However, this is a small case series with only 17 patients. Further conclusions need to be drawn through expanded samples for randomized controlled clinical trials. Hypertrophic scarring is the most common complication after partial thickness burn injury, and the complex pathogenesis and prolonged dynamic process render treatments only marginally effective. In the past few decades, with the technological advances of liposuction and fat grafting, nanofat grafting has been used in a variety of surgical fields, including wound healing, scleroderma, facial rejuvenation, and neuralgia. However, the role of nanofat grafting is not well documented in the prevention and treatment of early postburn scarring. Full-thickness skin grafting or skin flap transplantation is the most common method for the reconstruction of a hypertrophic scaring until now. In the current study, we harvested subcutaneous fat during the preparation of the full-thickness skin or skin flap, prepared nanofat and injected it in the scar located at a nonsurgical site. Comparison of the pre- and postoperation scores for scar color, scar thickness, scar stiffness, and scar regularity showed that the postoperation scores were decreased significantly and that there was a significant improvement in scar pigmentation and thickness as well astheaesthetic outcome after treatment. Most importantly, reductions in the scores for pain and itching could be assessed objectively. It seems that the nanofat grafting is a potential method for prevention and treatment for early postburn scaring.

Microsurgical and endovascular treatment of large and giant aneurysms of the anterior circulation: A systematic review

IntroductionLarge and Giant intracranial aneurysms (LGIAs) have become the paradigm for which endovascular techniques do not provide satisfactory results. Yet, microsurgery is followed by non-negligible rates of morbimortality. This scenario may have changed since the introduction of flow-diversion devices. Research questionContemporary and standardised revision on microsurgical and endovascular results, with emphasis on anterior circulation LGIAs. Materials and methodsA systematic literature search was conducted in two databases (PubMed and Embase) on treatment outcomes of LGIAs of the anterior circulation, after the introduction of flow-diverters 2008/01/01, till 2023/05/20. Small case series (<5 cases), series including >15% of posterior circulation aneurysms, and studies not reporting clinical and/or angiographic outcomes were excluded. Results44 relevant studies (observational cohorts) were identified, including 2923 LGIAs predominantly from anterior circulation. Mean follow-up 22 (±20) months. 1494 (51%) LGIAs were treated endovascularly and 1427 (49%) microsurgically. According to the random effects model, pooled rates of favourable clinical outcomes were 85.8% (CI 95% 82.6–88.4), complete occlusion 69.4% (CI 95% 63.7–7.46), complications 19.6% (CI 95%16–23.9) and mortality 5.6% (CI 95% 4.4–7.1). Focusing on type of treatment, occlusion rates are higher with microsurgical (842/993, 85% vs 874/1,299, 67%), although good outcomes are slightly more frequent with endovascular (1045/1,135, 92% vs 1120/1,294, 87%). Discussion and conclusionsAccording to contemporary data about occlusion rates, functional outcomes, and complications, primary or secondary treatment of LGIAs of the anterior circulation seems justified. Microsurgical occlusion rates are higher in LGIAs. An expert consensus on reporting complications and management strategies is warranted.

Transcranial photobiomodulation therapy improves cognitive test scores in dogs with presumptive canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD): A case series of five dogs

Background: Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is considered the canine version of human Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As with AD, CCD is a multifactorial and progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which effective treatment options are continuously being sought. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBMT), or transcranial laser therapy, has shown promise as a treatment for cognitive impairment in rodent AD investigations and several human AD clinical trials. Aim: The purpose of this prospective case series was to evaluate the effect of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBMT) on cognitive scores when applied to senior dogs with CCD over a 60-day period. Methods: Five senior (&gt;9-year-old) dogs with moderate (16-33) to severe (&gt;33) cognitive scores were enrolled. Owners were instructed on the use of a Class IM laser device and administered a specific dose of laser energy transcranially to both sides of the patient’s head, 3 times per week for one month and 2 times per week for a second month. No additional therapeutic measures aimed at enhancing cognitive ability were permitted during the 60-day evaluation time. Baseline cognitive scores were compared with scores obtained at 30-and 60-days post-treatment. Results: Cognitive scores showed improvement in 4/5 dogs at 30 days (27.6% reduction) and all dogs at 60 days (43.4% reduction). There were no adverse effects attributable to tPBMT. Conclusion: Results of our small case series suggest that tPBMT may improve cognitive scores in dogs with moderate to severe CCD by 30 days of application and the improvement is sustained at 60 days. Further studies are needed to ascertain optimal tPBMT protocols for CCD.

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in an outpatient wound care clinic: case series analysis of a non-invasive technology in the management of chronic wounds for wound bed preparation.

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to reduce wound dimensions and healing time in chronic wounds and should be considered a valuable tool in the healing of chronic complex lower extremity wounds. The aim of this small case series was to evaluate the effect of ESWT on complex chronic wounds in patients with multiple comorbidities in a medically underserved outpatient wound care clinic setting. All patients had baseline wound measurements taken. Pictures of the wounds were also taken at the time of the initial visit. Patients selected for ESWT received weekly treatments for a maximum recorded duration of 12 weeks in the form of focused electro-hydraulic acoustic pulses. Wound beds were cleansed according to standard of care. Thirteen patients were followed with a total of 18 wounds treated. After retrospectively analyzing the data, 3 subjects and a total of 5 wounds were excluded, leaving 10 total subjects and 13 wounds. Out of these wounds, 12 healed completely by or before week 12 of ESWT. All wounds demonstrated significant wound dimension reduction during the first 12 weeks of treatment. ESWT could offer accessible, fast, safe, and cost-effective management of some complex chronic wounds. Further research is needed to validate these findings.

Novel pyrazoline and pyrazole "turn on" fluorescent sensors selective for Zn2+/Cd2+ at λem 480 nm and Fe3+/Fe2+ at λem 465 nm in MeCN.

A small series of simple pyrazoline and pyrazole based sensors, all derived from the same chalcone precursors, were synthesised, characterised and screened for their fluorescence "turn on" properties in the presence of multiple metals. Pyrazole 8 displayed an excellent fluorescence profile with approx. 20× fold increase in λem 480 nm with Zn2+ compared to a 2.5× fold increase with Cd2+. Pyrazole 9 displayed a 30× fold increase at λem 465 nm for Fe3+ compared to Fe2+ with a Fe3+ limit of detection of 0.025 μM. The corresponding pyrazolines displayed contrasting properties with important implications for future pyrazoline and pyrazole sensor design.

Standardisation of Decision Making in Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma Management: A Case Series

Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a very complex disease that requires the best multidisciplinary decisions. Improved outcomes are reported only in high-volume centres with good expertise and the latest technology in radiology for imaging and intervention, endoscopy, and surgery. However, in India, only very few centres have very good infrastructure for the same. Additionally, protocoldriven treatment is also not uniform in India. To fulfil this gap, authors believe that a strict, disciplined work-up of these complex cases is the only way to achieve optimal treatment. Authors propose a protocolised checklist involving multidisciplinary decisions for hilar CCA patients that could be used. This case series aims to assess the oncological outcome of hilar CCA using our checklist and, secondarily, to assess the immediate postoperative outcome and complications in these patients. Out of 20 patients, 13 underwent successful hepatectomy based on the decisions made. No mortality was noted in this case series. Two cases had a postoperative liver failure (Clavien Dindo 3A). All 13 patients had an R0 resection. The mean length of the tumour-free margin was 8.46 mm. Doing two-dimensional surgical simulation preoperatively and adhering to the special plane of transection helped in attaining R0 resection. Here, a small series of hilar CCA is presented which was managed successfully, signifying the importance of a protocol-based approach which can be easily adapted and reproduced.

Development of a luminescence-based method for measuring West Nile Virus MTase activity and its application to screen for antivirals

West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus responsible for causing febrile illness and severe neurological diseases, with an increasing impact on human health around the world. However, there is still no adequate therapeutic treatment available to struggle WNV infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new techniques to accelerate the discovery of drugs against this pathogen. The main protein implicated in the replication of WNV is the non-structural protein 5 (NS5). This multifunctional protein contains methyltransferase (MTase) activity involved in the capping formation at the 5′-end of RNA and the methylation of internal viral RNA residues, both functions being essential for viral processes, such as RNA translation and escape from the innate immune response.We have developed a straightforward luminescence-based assay to monitor the MTase activity of the WNV NS5 protein with potential for high-throughput screening. We have validated this method as a sensitive and suitable assay for the identification of WNV MTase inhibitors assessing the inhibitory effect of the broad MTase inhibitor sinefungin, a natural nucleoside analog of the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). The screening of a small series of purine derivatives identified an adenosine derivative as a dose-dependent inhibitor of the MTase activity. The antiviral efficacy of this compound was further confirmed in WNV infections, displaying a measurable antiviral effect. This result supports the utility of this novel method for the screening of inhibitors against WNV MTase activity, which can be of special relevance to the discovery and development of therapeutics against WNV.

Multidimensional position-based monitoring of machining using references of multiple machine tools

Tool condition monitoring systems are a prerequisite for autonomous production. However, monitoring small series is challenging as systems usually require references of correct processes for parameterization. As an alternative, these references can be sourced from other machine tools that execute similar processes. Unfortunately, actual processes vary among machine tools, despite machine tools using identical NC-instructions. This work introduces a novel multidimensional position-based online monitoring approach that is designed to overcome process variations among machine tools. This approach utilizes dynamic time warping to match the multidimensional tool paths of machine tools. The results include monitoring of pocket milling on three machine tools using process forces sourced from one, or multiple, other machine tools. A comparison demonstrates that position-based limits for online monitoring, rather than time-based limits, are better suited for transfer among machine tools.

Conditions for the efficiency of optical limiting based on experiment and quantum chemical calculations.

The development of suitable protection against laser radiation has proven challenging due to the lack of predictive models. The purpose of this article is to exclude the existing drawback by creating a universal strategy based on correlations between experimental and theoretical data characterizing the nonlinear optical properties of absorbers, for which a series of low-symmetry penta(chloro)cyclotriphosphazene-substituted monophthalocyanines was chosen. To search for correlations on a small series of dyes, we used the advanced algorithm CORRELATO, which has been proven to construct even the most unusual relationships demonstrated in our previous works. Due to the reducing symmetry of molecules, large values of the nonlinear absorption coefficient (more than 3000 cm GW-1) and, as a result, wide dynamic ranges (up to 630) with a high degree of attenuation of nanosecond laser radiation (10-20 times) were achieved. The use of the finite-field DFT method has allowed the calculation of dipole moments, polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities. The numerical data obtained during the calculations were used in correlations of theory vs. experiment to derive mathematical expressions (inequalities) to assess the effectiveness of absorbers in limiting the power of laser radiation.

Lokalno radikalno lečenje patoloških lezija rektuma minimalno invazivnim hirurškim pristupima

Introduction: The most common pathological changes treated in the rectum are neoplastic polyps (villous, tubular, and tubulovillous adenomas) and rectal adenocarcinomas. Until now, precancerous lesions of the type of neoplastic polyps have been treated with a local approach, and patients with advanced cancers have been operated on with a radical surgical intervention, either classically or laparoscopically. Aim: In this paper, we will show the advantages and disadvantages of certain local surgical approaches to pathological changes in the rectum. Material and methods: Our research analyzed two groups of patients. In the first group, patients with pathological lesions of the rectum were treated with local transanal excision (TAE), and the second group of patients were treated with the newly introduced technique of transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS). In the period from September 2021 to March 2023. at the CHC Zemun in Surgery Clinic, a total of 12 patients were operated on with the TAMIS procedure and 15 patients with the TAE technique for various pathological changes in the rectum. In all patients, the changes were localized in the rectum from 5 to 15 cm from the anocutaneous line in the TAMIS group and from 0 to 6 cm in the TAE group. Pathological changes could not be resected by endoscopic polypectomy. Results: The average duration of the operations was longer in the TAMIS group and amounted to 45 minutes, while the operations lasted an average of 20 minutes in the TAE group. During the surgical procedure, mucosectomy is most often performed, followed by resection of the full thickness of the rectal wall, and resection of the rectal wall with part of the mesorectal tissue was performed the least frequently in both analyzed groups. In 3 patients we had preparation fragmentation, and in 1 case we had positive margins by histopathological postoperative analysis in the TAMIS group. In the TAE group, we had one patient with preparation fragmentation and a positive margin. Patients with a positive margin in both the TAE and TAMIS groups belonged to villous adenomas with a high degree of dysplasia. The final HP finding in both groups most often spoke in favor of tubulovillous adenoma with a low to medium degree of dysplasia. In both groups, we had 2 cases of early intramucosal carcinoma T1 stage. Discussion: The postoperative period of hospitalization is shorter in TAE compared to TAMIS (1.3 days compared to 1.8 days). We had no serious postoperative complications in any of the observed groups. In one case, we had postoperative bleeding, which was treated with endoscopic hemostasis. Such low percentages of postoperative complications, even in our small series of patients, justify the introduction of the TAMIS procedure into daily practice for the surgical treatment of large endoscopically unresectable rectal polyps of high rectal localization. Conclusion: Based on our work and the available literature, we can conclude that radical local resections of TAE and TAMIS are a viable alternative to surgical radical rectal resection in polypoid changes and early T1 rectal cancers with less morbidity, faster recovery, and lower treatment costs. These techniques are safe, effective, and reproducible.

A fragmentary limestone votive vessel of Iron Age date from Enkomi-Ayios Iakovos rediscovered

Two fragments of a stone vase decorated with palmettes under the handles, discovered during the British Museum excavations at Enkomi-Ayios Iakovos in 1896 and briefly described by Alexander Murray in a report published in 1900, were reidentified in the Museum reserves only in the past few years by Thomas Kiely. They deserve to be studied in detail because this type of object is rather rare in Cyprus, part of a small series dominated by the colossal vase in the Louvre from the sanctuary of Aphrodite at Amathus, and to which an unpublished example from Idalion can now be added. The Enkomi fragments are especially notable because they were found in the ruins of the famous Late Bronze Age site of Enkomi, along with other Cypro-Archaic limestone and terracotta items; these discoveries are complemented by Iron Age figurines from the excavations of Porphyrios Dikaios in the 1940s and 1950s. In this article, T. Kiely presents the history of discovery and the archival record, and describes the two fragments in their present condition, while A. Hermary provides a detailed analysis within their broader cultural and topographical context.

In silico prediction of ADMET parameters and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities promoted by indole-thiosemicarbazone compounds.

Cancer is a complex and multifactorial disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and is one of the main causes of death in the world. This work aimed to evaluate a small series of 10 different indole-thiosemicarbazone compounds as potential antitumor agents. This is a pioneering study. For this, the antioxidant and cytotoxic capacity against normal and tumor cells was evaluated. The results showed that the compounds were able to promote moderate to low antioxidant activity for the ABTS radical scavenging assay. ADMET in silico assays showed that the compounds exhibited good oral bioavailability. As for toxicity, they were able to promote low cytotoxicity against normal cells, in addition to not being hemolytic. The compounds showed promising in vitro antitumor activity against the T47D, MCF-7, Jurkat and DU-145 strains, not being able to inhibit the growth of the Hepg2 strain. Through this in vitro study, it can be concluded that the compounds are potential candidates for antitumor agents.