Small Scale Industry Workers Research Articles

Prevalence of Work-Related Injuries and Associated Factors among Small-Scale Industry Workers in Woodworking Enterprises in the Kirkos Sub-City of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023

Prevalence of Work-Related Injuries and Associated Factors among Small-Scale Industry Workers in Woodworking Enterprises in the Kirkos Sub-City of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023

Prevalence and determinants of occupational injuries among small-scale industry workers in sub-saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Occupational injuries are manifestations of diseases because of different exposure in the workplace like Small-Scale cement factories, tanneries, textile and/or street sweeping, and woodworkers all of which affect the health condition and productivity. In sub-Saharan Africa, several primary studies were conducted regarding the magnitude of occupational injuries with a prevalence of 68.89% in street sweepers and determinant factors with inconsistent results. This meta-analysis aimed to the pooled prevalence of occupational injuries and their associated factors in Sub-Saharan Africa among workers working in small-Scale industries. PubMed, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Direct Google were systematically searched to identify primary studies. Three authors performed data abstraction and quality assessment for each included study independently. Cochran’s Q-statistic and I-squared statistics were used to check heterogeneity. The random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of occupational injuries. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot and Egger’s test, and also sensitivity analyses were performed. 20 primary studies with 7,235 study participants were included in the Systematic review and meta-analysis of the pooled prevalence of occupational injuries among Small-Scale industry workers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The pooled prevalence of overall occupational injuries among Small-scale industry workers in Sub-Saharan Africa was 53.23% (95% CI= 44.71, 61.74). Training, Sleeping disturbance, and Educational level were significantly associated with occupational injuries. In this review, the pooled prevalence of occupational injuries was high. The findings of this study dictate the need for the implementation of workplace safety measures. Special attention is required for employees with lower educational levels and training.

Recent Advances in the Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Small-Scale Industry Workers

Recent Advances in the Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Small-Scale Industry Workers

Recent advances in the ergonomic risk assessment of small-scale industry workers

Industrial workers' work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) cause muscle, tendon, and nerve injury. These injuries affect the health of the industrial worker. These injuries have an impact on the health of the industrial worker. The risk of WMSD in the workplace must be investigated and minimised. The risk level of WMSD is investigated using ergonomic risk assessment tools. The objective of this study is to observe recent advancements in the ergonomic risk assessment of industry workers between 2007 and 2022. The literature was collected from standard ergonomic publications by searching abstracts and titles for keywords such as 'ergonomic risk assessment methods', 'ergonomic evaluation', 'ergonomic intervention', and 'musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) '. Over the last 15 years, recent developments in the ergonomic risk assessment of industry workers have been reviewed. Each risk assessment tool described above is essential in determining the risk of MSD among employees.

Role of Personal Protective Equipment in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Industrial Workers

With industrialisation, radical alterations in the life of many rapidly developing countries are visible. Lack of well-designed and appropriate safety measures leads to serious adverse health consequences to the workforce found in MSMEs. Workplace injuries are a leading cause of substantial disabilities globally. According to the International Labour Organization, 270 million workplace accidents occur annually. The factors that emerged to significantly influence personal protective equipment (PPE) use included acceptability, availability, attractive and not using PPE despite being trained and aware of the hazard. There was no significant relationship between lack of co-worker/supervisor influence to use of PPE and social demographics. It is recommended that employers and other stakeholder intensify their roles on PPE policy guidelines, training and awareness campaigns, compliance surveillance on PPE use by all workers in these industries as well as ensure a safe working environment. Employers should ensure that PPE are available, accessible, well-fitting and comfortable to wear and that they are used appropriately and consistently by the workers at all times. PPE is any material, device, equipment or clothing used or worn by workers to protect them from exposure or contact with any harmful material or energy which may cause injury, disease or even death. The study assessed the utilisation of PPE among workers in small-scale industries in Chennai city. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select Chennai city. Simple random sampling was used to select 10 industries that were included in the study. Random sampling technique was also used to select a sample of 250 workers from the selected industries.

Development of Small Scale Industry in Rangpur Division of Bangladesh: Employee Perception

The financial result of a business largely depends on the employees’ satisfaction. When employees feel happy, then they contribute more attention to the work, show more sincerity. As a result, the production of the organization is increased, and finally, the profit is increased. The study has attempted to find out the perception of employees towards the growth and development of small scale industry in the Rangpur Division of Bangladesh during 2013-14 to 2017-18. The study is empirical. An interview was taken for 400 small-scale industry workers from 16 upazilas through a questionnaire. They were asked about their perception of the growth and development of this industry. The perception of the employee is measured by the Likert scale. The result shows that the participation in decision-making/ implementation perception contains the highest value of 51.0% satisfactory level and the excellent level of satisfaction holds the lowest value of 3.25%. Perquisites structure perception holds the highest value of 48% at a satisfactory level, health, and safety facility perception holds that 36.0% of employees are satisfied. On the other hand, 48% of employees are satisfied in job security perception and the bonus and incentive contain 56.0% of employees are satisfied. For day-care center facilities, 83.0% of employees are dissatisfied. The result concludes that employees show very poor satisfaction in perquisites structure, health, and safety facility, bonus and incentive, day-care center, termination policy, leave policy, and entertainment opportunities. It is mathematically proved that, if the employees are satisfied, then the growth of the organization will be increased. As a result, it is important to satisfy employees properly for the growth and development of the SSI. If that can be done properly, the sustainable development of small-scale industries is possible.

Prevalence of Occupational Ocular Injury and Associated Factors Among Small-Scale Industry Workers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.

PurposeTo assess the prevalence of occupational ocular injury and associated factors among small-scale industry workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods and MaterialsInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 542 manufacturing and construction workers in Gondar town from April 23 to May 4, 2019. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data using face-to-face interview. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with occupational ocular injury.ResultsA total of 542 small-scale industry workers participated with a 95.1% response rate. The prevalence of occupational ocular injury was 31.4% (95% CI, 27.2–35.5). Employment pattern (temporary workers) (AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.14–2.95), health and safety training (AOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.06–4.66), non-use of eye safety device (AOR: 7.43, 95% CI: 4.44–12.43), and job category (woodwork (AOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32–0.97)), and brickwork (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.08–7.21) had statistically significant with occupational ocular injury.ConclusionThis study showed the prevalence of occupational ocular injury among small-scale industry workers was 31.4%. Iron chips are the most common agent responsible for the injury. Type of employment, having health and safety training, use of eye safety devices, and job category had a significant association with occupational ocular injury.

Work Profile and Hazards Review Study of Workers in Small Scale Enterprises

The review study highlight the rigorous work profile of the workers in small scale industries and depict how the hazards caused to them in their daily life are affecting their health. Different hazards such as very severe pain in neck, head, shoulders, fingers, hands, and lower back were identified, always leading to various musculoskeletal disorders. A need to improve workstation and workplace environment to make it user friendly to workers is felt so the workers could be comfortable is highlighted in all the studies. The study has its focus majorly on the craft industries and presents the plight of the jewelers specially. Proper task analysis and work rest pattern are identified as useful to alleviate the mental fatigue and to improve work efficiency of the workers.

Assessment Of General Ocular Health And Visual Status Of The Small-Scale Industrial Workers

BACKGROUND: Incidence of visual disorders in industrial workers may result in visual loss, anguish, reduced manpower, man hours and economic loss. Most of these hazards are preventable if adequate precautionary measures are taken. [8,11] Worker’s eyes may be exposed to a variety of dangerous agents depending on the type of industry which may constitute an occupational hazard. According to OSHA, personal protective equipment is devices design to protect workers’ eyes from severe work place injury or illness resulting from contact with metal splash, chemical splash, dust, flying particle or radiation. [14,16] So the aim of the study is to assess Ocular Health, Visual & Refractive status of the workers working in the metal machinery (small scale) industries. METHODS: A clinical examination of the workers was accompanied by detailed occupational history in the small scale & tiny sector metal machinery industries. Visual acuity was measured using Snellen’s chart for distance and N notation reading chart for near. Color vision testing was done with Pseudoisochromatic-Ishihara chart. Anterior segment of eye was examining with the help of torch light and SLE. Fundus evaluation was done with the help of direct ophthalmoscope. Objective & Subjective Refraction was performed using Retinoscope and trial case. Stereopsis was measured with the help of Titmus Fly test. RESULTS: Hundred and eighty small scale industry workers were screened. Among them, all were male with a mean age (45.5 ± 11.31 years). 74% showed Visual impairment. The most common visual disorders were uncorrected presbyopia 65% (117), uncorrected refractive error 59% (106) out of which 17% (30) were already use their own spectacle prescription remaining 42% (76) were prescribed new spectacle. Color vision defect was found in 2% (3). Out of hundred and eighty only 11% (19) of the workers were use protective eye wear, remaining 89% (161) of them were never use protective eye wears on daily basis. CONCLUSION:This study concluded that uncorrected refractive error and uncorrected presbyopia was high among workers as they are not aware about eye health and safety measures for the occupation. The use of safety eye devices is low among workers and recommends that process about awareness and implementation of ocular safety in these industries is established as occupational protective measures are important for metal machinery industrial workers who are at a high risk of eye injuries. It is recommended that, there is a need to review the design, and reinforce the strict implementation of occupational eye safety programs.

Study of Awareness of Ergonomic Principles in Small Scale Industrial Workers

Background : Industrial workers due to their long working hours which exposes them to various musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary disorders. Long working hours and lack of proper health related guidelines to be followed during work they often overuse themselves which hampers their body mechanics and quality of life. studies have proved that ergonomic advice for low back pain and neck pain have improved satisfactorily the work capacity of the individuals. As far as authors knowledge, there is paucity in the literature targeting the awareness of ergonomic advice for industrial workers in rural areas, hence this study is been undertaken. Objectives : To identify ergonomic awareness of musculoskeletal disorders in small scale industrial workers and To identify ergonomic awareness towards respiratory disorders during work in small scale industrial workers. Results : 42% of people are aware about the necessary workplace health and safety training when starting job and there is a regular communication between employees and management about safety issue, 50% people are clear about their rights and responsibilities in relation to workplace health and safety and 47% people fell free to voice their concerns or make suggestions about workplace health and safety Conclusion : After carrying out a study of awareness of ergonomic principles in small scale industrial workers, we found out that industrial workers in small scale industries in india lack awareness about the occupational hazards and various safety regulations that are enacted in the betterment of employees.

Correlation Between Built and Work Ability among Small Scale Industrial Workers at Malkapur, Karad

Background: The working capability of workers has the effect on productivity of the industry. Work ability has the greater impact on employee’s well-being and decrease in the risk of musculoskeletal diseases, sick leave and early retirement. Further, a low work ability affects the company’s productivity. There is paucity in the literature regarding field of small scale industrial workers. Aim and objectives: To find the association between built and work ability among small scale industrial workers. Materials and Method: The total numbers of 90 workers were examined to assess built. The measurements were taken as per the Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype method by using weighing scale for weight, stadiometer for height, measuring tape for girth around biceps and calf, small sliding caliper for width of the femur and humerus and skinfold caliper for skinfold thickness. After collecting data it was divided under three categories, Ectomorphic, Mesomorphic and Endomorphic built. Subjects signed the consent form and then work ability score was calculated by the workability questionnaire. Results: In this study both ectomorphic and mesomorphic showed negative correlation except endomorphic which showed positive correlation nearest to significance. There was no correlation between built and work ability. Study variables in this study such as age, gender and work ability revealed association with built. Thus , the present study concluded that there is no significant correlation between built and work ability Conclusion: On the basis of the result of the study, it was concluded that there is no correlation between built and work ability among small scale industrial workers working in industrial colony, Malkapur, Karad.. The ectomorphic and mesomorphic built has the very good work ability and there was medium work ability among endomorphic individuals.

Occupational exposure and respiratory health of workers at small scale industries.

Certain occupations like welding, painting, and vehicle repairing are associated with regular exposure to dust, exhausts, fuels, fumes, PM, and vapors of welding, solvents, and paint. Many studies have proved a reduction in lung functions due to exposure to these agents. The present study aims to assess and compare respiratory symptoms and pulmonary functions among exposed and non-exposed persons as well as suggests controls respectively. A cross-sectional case study was carried out among small scale industry workers having matched demographic and anthropometric parameters. Medical Research Council (MRC) questionnaire and Micro Direct computerized automated spirometer were used for recording respiratory ailments and pulmonary function tests (PFT) respectively. The percentages of mechanics, welders and painters were 40.9, 31.8, and 27.3 respectively. The highest reported respiratory symptom was chest tightness and whistling among exposed (22.7%) and unexposed (10%). Among study exposed cases, the occupational exposure was found as often (22.7%), sometimes (68.2%) and never (9.1%) while the reported use of airway protection (masks) was very low. Overall respiratory health of the exposed versus controls was reported as excellent (54.5% vs 73.4%), good (27.3% vs 23.3%) and average (18.2% vs 3.3%) respectively. The exposed group on contrary to control one has decreased mean values for FEV1 (3.12 vs 3.50), FVC (4.12 vs 4.43), FEV1/ FVC % (79.60 vs 80.79) and PEF (414.77 vs 523.16). The present study reveals that exposed workers are at increased risk of developing respiratory symptoms and decreased pulmonary functions as compared to unexposed. Such exposure research studies are instrumental in health status evaluation of workers. However, this area has been neglected by the researchers in Saudi Arabia. It is, thus, strongly recommended to carry out prospective studies to substantiate the study results including large sample size, background pollutants concentrations and biological monitoring. Control strategies should be adopted to reduce the vapor concentration in the ambient air, protect and promote respiratory health of workers.

Occupational Injury and Its Correlated Factors among Small-Scale Industry Workers in Towns of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia.

Introduction In developing countries, the laborer forces have managed many of the industrial works. As a result, the process of the work has put the health and lives of workers at risk. Thus, this study was designed to assess occupational injury and its correlated factors among small-scale industry workers in the towns of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed among five hundred ninety small-scale industries in towns of Bale zone, Southeast Ethiopia, in March to April 2016. Multistage sampling was applied to recruit the study subjects. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. A structured questionnaire addressing the objectives of the study was used. EpiData was used for data entry, and the data were exported to SPSS windows version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics like frequency and percentage were used for the prevalence, whereas binary and multiple logistic regressions were employed to identify the predictors of the outcome variable. Results A total of 574 workers from different small-scale industries, including woodwork, metalwork, and concrete block construction, participated in the study with a response rate of 97.3%. In this study, among the total participants of the study, 43.2% (248), 30% (172), and 21.6% (124) of them had encountered lifetime, last one year, and six months occupational injury, respectively. Taking health and safety training, presence of any things on the floor that can cause accidents and occupational risk perception were independent predictors of occupational injury. The presence of any things on the floor that can cause accidents and having a low-risk perception increases occupational injury by 12.69 [AOR: 12.69, (1.67–96.13)] and 2.84 [AOR: 2.84, (1.80–4.49)], respectively. Conclusion About one in three occupational injuries occurred among small-scale industry workers. Health and safety training should be provided for every worker in small-scale industries. Supportive supervision focusing awareness creation, economic stability, and health care from health office, social and labor affair office, and other concerned body is highly recommended. District or town health office should address the identified factors to promote the health of the workers.

Study of workers in small scale industries

Study of workers in small scale industries

라이프케어증진을 위한 소규모 사업장 남성 근로자의 건강증진행위 예측요인

라이프케어증진을 위한 소규모 사업장 남성 근로자의 건강증진행위 예측요인

Assessment of personal protective equipment use and occupational exposures in small industries in Jeddah: Health implications for workers.

Small-scale industries account for a large proportion of jobs and play a vital role in most countries’ economic growth and prosperity. Due to the very low use of personal protective equipment (PPEs), employees are exposed to numerous physical, chemical, and accidental hazards in small-scale industries. PPEs are very effective in minimizing occupational injuries, accidents, and other hazards which otherwise result in substantial manpower and financial losses. The study objective was to assess the availability and use of PPEs as well as self-reported occupational exposures among workers in surveyed small industries in Jeddah. The study involved 102 workers from 28 small-scale industries (vehicle repair, welding, and paint). A survey was conducted to gather data of socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported occupational exposures, and frequency of PPEs used by workers. The occupational exposures (never exposed, sometimes exposed and always exposed) were reported in percentages including; noise exposure (19.6, 73.5 and 6.9%); dust/smoke exposure (9.8, 69.6 and 20.6%); vapors/fumes exposure (11.8, 60.8 and 27.5%); and direct sunlight (43.1, 56.9 and 0%), respectively. The reported use of different PPEs in descending order was; knee joints mats (50%), welding shields (50%), safety glasses (33.3%), gloves (27.5%), face masks (26.5%), safety shoes (10.8%) and earplugs/ muffs (8.8%). On the basis of this study findings, hand hygiene and general OSH awareness like interventions can be developed which will help in minimizing workplace exposures among small-scale industry workers.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN INDUSTRI KECIL DI KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN DAN KABUPATEN TAPANULI SELATAN

Industrialization is a basic tool for national development and regional development, especially for small industrial business activities that are important in order to realize a just and prosperous society. To achieve this, the government made a policy to increase small industry revenues. The main objective of this research is to find out the number of small business loans (X1), the number of small-scale industrial workers (X2), economic growth (X3), and the number of small-scale industries (X4), significantly affecting Small-Scale Industrial Revenues in Padangsidimpuan City (Y1) and South Tapanuli Regency (Y2). In this study the data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Padangsidimpuan for 15 years starting from 2002-2016. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models, namely an analysis to determine each of the independent variables (X) to the bound variable (Y) both silmultanally and partially. Based on the results of the analysis and testing the hypothesis obtained results of F count of 18,900> F table = 3,48 for the City of Padangsidimpuan and for the District of South Tapanuli obtained the results of F count 3.616> F table = 3,48 which means simultaneously the four independent variables have a real influence on industrial income small in Padangsidimpuan City and South Tapanuli Regency. Partial testing of the city of Padangsidimpuan obtained tcount for the variable X1 of 7.367> t- table of 2.228 means that the variable X1 can contribute to the real effect on the dependent variable Y1. Partial testing of South Tapanuli Regency obtained tcount for variable X2 of 3.160> t- table of 2.228 means that variable X2 can contribute to the real influence on the dependent variable Y2, for variable X4, t- count of 2.986> t- table of 2.228 means that variable X4 can contribute to the real influence against the dependent variable Y2

Study of Common Mental Disorders among Small-Scale Industry Workers in an Urban Slum in North East Delhi, India

Introduction: 10% of the world’s population has mild mental disorders, and 1% suffers from severe mental disorders, while in India prevalence rates of common mental disorders range from 6 to 7% and severe mental disorders 1–2%. Mental health of workers affects the productivity of the workplace, with estimates putting these losses to be over 100 million dollars annually. Objectives • Screening of common mental disorders among workers working in small-scale industries; • To determine the socio-demographic and occupational determinants related to mental disorders in workers working in small-scale industries. Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study and was conducted among 100 workers of small-scale industries having at least 10 employees in an urban slum of north east Delhi during July to August 2016. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. A pretested sociodemographic questionnaire and screening tool GHQ-12 (general health questionnaire) and PHQ-SADS (patient’s health questionnaire) was used in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Data of 30 cases was analyzed Results: On screening for presence of symptoms suggestive of psychological distress and mental disorder using GHQ-12, out of 100 participants almost all (98%) were found to be at risk. About 38% were having low-somatic symptoms while 14% were having symptoms suggestive of mild anxiety and 23% of moderate depression. Conclusion: The study threw light on prevalence of common mental disorders among small-scale industrial workers and various determinants associated with them.

Visual Profile of the Small Scale Industry Workers at the Ambattur Industrial Estate, Chennai

Purpose: To determine the profile of presenting visual status and refractive status of the small scale industry workers at the Ambattur Industrial estate, Chennai.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the small scale and tiny sector industries in Ambattur Industrial estate, Chennai. Hundred and eleven (111) workers were conveniently sampled for the study. Information on their demographic data, was collected, all participants underwent ophthalmic examination which include, visual acuity for distance and near, objective and subjective refraction if their visual acuity is less than normal, colour vision and torch light examination.Results: Hundred and eleven small scale industry workers were screened which included 24.3% Entrepreneurs, 14.4% Operators, 14.4% engineers includes both electrical and chemical engineers, 11.7% administrators, 7.2% welders, 10.8 % turners, 9.9% house keepers and 7.2% drivers. Among hundred and eleven workers, 82% were males and 18% were females with a mean age (39.7 ± 8.9 years). 23.4% showed Visual impairment ranging from mild to severe. The most common visual disorders were uncorrected presbyopia (37%), uncorrected refractive error (36.93%), Colour vision defect was found in (10.8%) and cataract in (6.3%). None of them used protective eye wears.Conclusion: Our study recommends that uncorrected presbyopia and uncorrected refractive error was high among workers as they are not aware about eye health and safety measures for the occupation. The use of safety eye devices is low among workers and recommends that process about awareness and implementation of ocular safety in these industries is established.

Occupational health issues in small-scale industries in Sri Lanka: An underreported burden.

Work-related diseases and occupational accidents affect a significant number of workers globally. The majority of these diseases and accidents are reported from developing countries; and a large percentage of the workforce in developing countries is estimated to be employed in small-scale industries. Sri Lanka is no exception. These workers are exposed to occupational hazards and are at a great risk of developing work- related diseases and injuries. To identify occupational health issues faced by small-scale industry workers in Sri Lanka. A cross sectional study was conducted among workers in four selected small-scale industry categories in two districts of Sri Lanka. A small-scale industry was defined as a work setting with less than 20 workers. Cluster sampling using probability proportionate to size of workers was used. Eighty clusters with a cluster size of eight from each district were selected. Data was collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. Our study surveyed 198 industries. Headache (2.2%, 95% CI 1.5-3.1) and eye problems (2.1%, 95% CI 1.4-2.9) were the commonest general health issues detected. Back pain (4.8%, 95% CI 3.8-6.1) was the most prevalent work-related musculoskeletal pain reported. Knee pain was the second highest (4.4%, 95% CI 3.4-5.6). Most of the work-related musculoskeletal pain was either of short duration or long lasting. Work-related musculoskeletal pain was much more common than the general health issues reported. Health promotional programs at workplaces focusing ergonomics will benefit the workers at small-scale industries inSri Lanka.