Small Pump Research Articles

Through the Patient Lens: How to be a Cancer Patient

Through the Patient Lens: How to be a Cancer Patient

Experimental investigation of a low cost inclined wick solar still with forced continuous flow

Water scarcity is a big challenge in many countries including Saudi Arabia, for which solar water desalination is a strategic goal due to the high solar intensities and the long sunshine duration. The main objective of this study is to develop a low cost and high efficiency solar water desalination device for small communities and remote areas in Saudi Arabia. The study is conducted in December 7th, 2020 (winter season) under the climatic conditions of Ha'il city (27.66 oN, 41.72 oE), Saudi Arabia. An inclined solar still was designed with a black cotton wick and a continuous saline water circulation flow via a small pump. Results showed high device performance with low freshwater production cost. The device is able to produce 3.21 L/m2day with 50.55% thermal efficiency and $0.0118/L cost of freshwater yield. Also, the device productivity is expected to be higher in the summer season. The proposed device has a significant low cost of $76.5/m2 which can be very attractive in the solar desalination market. The developed device increases the efficiency and productivity by 139.12% and 21.13%, respectively, and lowered the freshwater production cost by 57.86% compared with the device without the wick.

Photon conversion in thin-film lithium niobate nanowaveguides: a noise analysis

Wavelength transduction of single-photon signals is indispensable to networked quantum applications, particularly those incorporating quantum memories. Lithium niobate nanophotonic devices have demonstrated favorable linear, nonlinear, and electro-optical properties to deliver this crucial function while offering superior efficiency, integrability, and scalability. Yet, their quantum noise level—a crucial metric for any single-photon-based application—has yet to be investigated. In this work, we report the first, to the best of our knowledge, study with the focus on telecom to near-visible conversion driven by a small detuned telecom pump for practical considerations in distributed quantum processing over fiber networks. Our results find the noise level to be on the order of 10 − 4 photons per time-frequency mode for high conversion, allowing faithful pulsed operations. Through carefully analyzing the origins of such noise and each’s dependence on the pump power and wavelength detuning, we have also identified a formula for noise suppression to 10 − 5 photons per mode. Our results assert a viable, low-cost, and modular approach to networked quantum processing and beyond using lithium niobate nanophotonics.

Testing of a novel IFAS-MBR process with co-precipitation

Abstract IFAS-MBR with co-precipitation, not yet commonly used in practice, will result in a very compact process for nutrient removal. The process, based on a combined pre- and post-denitrification IFAS process with membrane separation (IFAS-MBR), was tested in two parallel small-scale plants. Train A was operated with co-precipitation in order to achieve high removal of total P (TP). Train B, without co-precipitation, served as a control. Due to the coagulant (Al) addition, the concern was precipitation on the biofilm carriers in the aerobic reactor in Train A. A small internal air-lift pump proved to be very efficient in controlling biofilm thickness and removing excess biofilm mass as needed. A coagulant dose equivalent to an Al/TP molar ratio of 1.9 was necessary to achieve 99% TP removal and 0.10 mg TP/l in the effluent of Train A. Very good removal of total N was achieved in both trains. Train A had a biofilm nitrification rate of 0.65 g NH4-N/m2d at 12–13 °C and 5.2–5.6 mg O2/l. The tests demonstrated that an IFAS-MBR process with co-precipitation and an aerobic suspended biomass SRT of 5–10 days is feasible, and that all the performance goals set up for the full-scale plant were achieved.

Design and CFD Simulation of Tesla Pump

The need for high pump performance and efficiency continue to encourage the study of flow between two parallel co-rotating discs in multiple discs pump or turbine. Therefore, this study entails the design, construction and CFD simulation of a 3D Tesla pump model axisymmetric swirling flow in order to enhance the understanding of Tesla pump for future development. Method of solution entails designing and construction of a small prototype tesla pump and then using the design geometry and parameters to design and perform numerical simulation. The results of the numerical simulation were then analyzed. The result obtained indicates static pressure to have minimum value of -4.7791Pa at the outlet and 13.777Pa at the pump inlet and with velocity magnitude having minimum velocity of 0.00m/s and maximum velocity of 4.12m/s. The strength of the velocity was seen to be very high at the pump outlet. The analysis radial velocity showed minimum value of -0.508m/s and maximum value of 3.981m/s with the radial velocity vector being concentrated at the discs periphery and outlet. Model simulation results exhibited smooth pressure and velocity profiles. With the 3D simulation all flow variables are able to be predicted.

Analysis of THz generation using the tilted-pulse-front geometry in the limit of small pulse energies and beam sizes.

Optical rectification in lithium niobate using the tilted-pulse-front geometry is one of the most commonly used techniques for efficient generation of energetic single-cycle THz pulses and the details of this generation scheme are well understood for high pulse energy driving lasers, such as mJ-class, kHz-repetition rate Ti:Sa amplifier systems. However, as modern Yb-based laser systems with ever increasing repetition rate become available, other excitation regimes become relevant. In particular, the use of more moderate pulse energies (in the few µJ to multi-10 µJ regime), available nowadays by laser systems with MHz repetition rates, have never been thoroughly explored. As increasing the repetition rate of THz sources for spectroscopy becomes more relevant in the community, we present a thorough numerical analysis of this regime using a 2+1-D numerical model. Our work allows us to confirm experimental trends observed in this unusual excitation regime and shows that the conversion efficiency is naturally limited by the small pump beam sizes as a consequence of spatial walk-off between the pump and THz beams. Based on our findings, we discuss strategies to overcome the current limitations, which will pave the way for powerful THz sources approaching the watt level with multi-MHz repetition rates.

Measurement of Nitrogen Oxide in Expired Breath Using Porous Glass Analytical Chips

Introduction Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is present in high concentrations in the breath of asthma patients with type 2 airway inflammation. In addition, FeNO concentration varies with asthma symptoms and treatments. The cutoff point for FeNO in adults with asthma is 20 - 25 ppb, and > 50 ppb is considered severe inflammation [1]. FeNO measurement is used worldwide for clinical examination of asthma [1-2]. However, FeNO measurement is limited to specific medical institutions. Therefore, patients need to return to the institution for exhaled breath analysis of FeNO concentration.We have developed an analytical chip—based on porous glass—for a simplified NO analysis [3-4]. This chip can detect ~ 19 ppb of FeNO in adults; ppb-level sensitivity is achieved by collecting exhaled breath in a sampling bag. However, the detection took several hours. In this study, low NO concentration was detected in tens of minutes by combining a porous glass analytical chip with a small sampling pump. We believe this method will enable at-home FeNO measurement. Method Preparation of porous glass analytical chip All chemical reagents were purchased from Tokyo-Kasei Co. (Japan) and FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Japan). The substrate of the analytical chip was a porous glass (Vycor #7930, Corning Co.) with a size of 8 mm × 8 mm × 1 mm, a specific surface area of 200 m2g-1, and an average pore size of 4 nm. The NO/NO2 conversion and NO2 analytical chips were prepared using our previously reported method [4]. Three different NO/NO2 conversion chips were prepared by immersing the porous glass in a 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl (PTIO) ethanol solution (3.3 × 10–3, 33 × 10–3, and 160 × 10–3 mol L- 1), followed by drying. The NO2 analytical chip was prepared by immersing the porous glass in an alcohol solution of 2.5 × 10–3 mol L- 1 N, N-dimethyl-1-naphthyl-amine, and 2.0 × 10–2 mol L- 1 sulfanilamide and then drying it. Exposure to the NO atmosphere The exposure experiment was carried out by placing a NO/NO2 conversion chip and a NO2 analytical chip adjacent to each other in the chip holder. Using a small sampling pump (MP-∑30NII, SIBATA SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY LTD., Japan), the NO atmosphere flowed through the two chips for 20 min at 0.05 L min- 1 (Fig. 1). The NO atmosphere (30, 75, 145, and 200 ppb) was prepared by mixing 100 ppm NO/NO2 gas with nitrogen gas in a Tedlar® bag. The relative humidity of the NO atmosphere was adjusted to 40% by vaporizing deionized water (235 - 280 mL) injected into the Tedlar® bag. The absorbance of the chips was measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (U-4100, HITACHI, Japan). The NO and NO2 concentrations in the NO atmosphere before and after passing through the chips were measured via a NO-NO2-NOx analyzer (42C, Nippon Thermo Co. Ltd., Japan). Results and Conclusions The NO/NO2 conversion efficiencies of the three prepared conversion chips (3.3 × 10–3, 33 × 10–3, and 160 × 10–3 mol L- 1) were 11%, 31%, and 61%, respectively. Increasing the PTIO content in the conversion chip improved the NO/NO2 conversion efficiency. Therefore, a low NO concentration measurement in an active system was evaluated using a conversion chip with an efficiency of 61%. Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the change in absorbance at 525 nm of the NO2 analytical chip and the initial NO concentration. The absorbance of the NO2 analytical chip at 525 nm increased due to the azo dye produced by the chemical reaction between NO2 and the detection reagents [4], and there was a positive linear relationship between the change in absorbance of the NO2 chip and NO concentration at 525 nm. Therefore, the formula for NO concentration measured at a flow rate of 0.05 L min- 1 for 20 min is as follows:[NO]0 = 4760 × ΔAbs525 where is the NO concentration (ppb) in the atmosphere, and is the change in absorbance at 525 nm of the NO2 analytical chip before and after exposure. This result suggests that FeNO can be measured in 20 min by using the analytical chip with an active method. References A. Hanania, M. Massanari, N. Jain, Measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in real-word clinical practice alters asthma treatment decisions, Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.120 (2018) 414-418. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.01.031.W. Pijnenburg, The Role of FeNO in Predicting Asthma, Front. Pediatr. 7 (2019) 1-5. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00041.Asanuma, S. Hino, Y. Y. Maruo, Development of an analytical chip for nitrogen monoxide detection using porous glass impregnated with 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl, Microchem. J. 151 (2019) 104251. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104251.Asanuma, K. Numata, Y. Y. Maruo, A colorimetric method for the measurement of ppb-level NO in exhaled air using porous glass analytical chip, Sensors and Actuators Reports 2 (2020) 100019. doi: 10.1016/j.snr.2020.100019. Figure 1

Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Flow Rate Performance of a Small Piezoelectric-Hydraulic Pump

This paper investigates the transient flow rate performance of small piezoelectric-hydraulic pumps. In a previous study, a small piezoelectric hydraulic pump was designed and developed to be applicable to the braking systems of small- and medium-sized UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles). To this end, a thin plate spring check valve was designed in order to effectively discharge the flow in a single direction. The flow rate of the piezoelectric-hydraulic pump is an important criterion for evaluating pump efficiency. Therefore, a study on the parameters affecting such a flow rate is necessary to enhance the efficiency of piezoelectric hydraulic pumps used in brake systems. This study on small piezoelectric-hydraulic pumps is performed to accurately predict the flow rate using a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) tool. In other words, an unsteady CFD method is applied to model the transient flow rate characteristics and the internal flow field of the fluid. The visualization of the internal flow field is evaluated for a better understanding of the flow fields inside the pump. Moreover, this work also illustrates the detailed motion of both the inlet and outlet check valves during the pump operation that fully reflects the phase shift between the check valves and the piston motion, all of which affect the flow rate performance of the pump. An experiment of flow rate characteristics was conducted on a designed piezoelectric-hydraulic pump, which verifies the validity of the CFD results.

Early Treatment of Hypothalamic Hypogonadism With LH-RH Analog Improved the Long-Term Prognosis of Hypogonadism of Adult-Onset Craniopharyngioma

Object: Craniopharyngiomas frequently grow on the cisternal surface of the hypothalamic region. The survival rate for childhood craniopharyngioma has been improving with more long-term survivors. Long-term survivors of childhood craniopharyngioma suffer a number of impairments, which include visual loss, endocrinopathy, hypothalamic dysfunction, cerebrovascular problems, neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunction. GnRH neurons in hypothalamus that send axons to portal blood system in median eminence fire in coordinated, repetitive, episodic manner, producing distinct pulses of GnRH in the portal blood system. In 2001, we experienced the case of hypothalamic hypogonadism after the radical surgery of craniopharyngioma located in the right basal ganglia and hypothalamus. During the operation, pituitary gland and stalk were preserved. The patient had developed panhypopituitarism and hypothalamic hypogonadism after transcranial surgery. The diagnosis of oligospermia and asthenospermia was made. We hypothesized that the hypogonadism was due to the lack of distinct pulses of GnRH after the surgery. The aim of this program was to demonstrate the efficacy of the pulsatile subcutaneous LH-RH therapy for the recovery of gonadal function from hypothalamic hypogonadism and to observe the long-term prognosis after recovery.Method: After a diagnosis of hypothalamic hypogonadism, low dose LH-RH treatment was given to a 29-year-old male with small portable automatically-timed infusion pump, connected to a subcutaneous (s.c.) catheter. Gonadorelin acetate was prepared to the concentration of 0.8mg/ml. Sixteen micrograms of LH-RH s.c. was given every 120 min. Serum levels of gonadotropin and testosterone were monitored. The treatment was continued until his gonadal function normalized. Long-term follow up was continued after low dose LH-RH treatment.Result: After the six months of pulsatile LH-RH treatment, serum level of testosterone turned normal. Then the treatment was paused in 2003. His wife became pregnant with in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in 2007 and gave birth in 2008. Moreover, his wife became pregnant naturally without IVF in 2009 and gave birth in 2010, suggesting the recovery from oligospermia and asthenospermia of her husband. Early recovery from hypothalamic hypogonadism maintained normal gonadal function in 2020.Clinical Lessons: We demonstrated a case of successful treatment of the hypothalamic hypogonadism after the surgery of craniopharyngioma. The pulsatile subcutaneous LH-RH therapy is efficacious for the case with the lack of the distinct pulses of GnRH after radical surgery of craniopharyngioma. Early treatment of hypothalamic hypogonadism with LH-RH analog improved the long-term prognosis of hypogonadism of adult-onset craniopharyngioma.

Enhanced Sensitivity and Precision of Portable Mass Spectrometry (MS) with a Discontinuous Atmospheric Pressure Interface by Multiple Ion Injection

The detection limit is one of the most important performance characteristics for portable mass spectrometers (MS). To significantly reduce the size and the weight, small vacuum pumps are used in portable MS which leads to the use of a discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI). Multiple ion injections (M-DAPI), which accumulates ions through opening the DAPI pinch valve several times during the ion injection period while maintaining a radio frequency (RF) voltage continuously on the trap, was shown to improve the sensitivity of DAPI-based portable MS. A systematic investigation of the optimization of M-DAPI was performed. The primary parameters affecting the performance of M-DAPI were optimized and sensitivity and stability improvements are reported. An 11.6-fold improvement in sensitivity was achieved by M-DAPI compared to the single ion injection DAPI operation for 1 μg/mL enrofloxacin. A more than 10-fold reduction in the limit of detection (LOD) to 0.01 μg/mL was also obtained. In addition, the stability was improved by M-DAPI with a relative standard deviation of 14.4% compared to 4.6% for DAPI.

Potential human inhalation exposure to soil contaminants in urban gardens on brownfields sites: A breath of fresh air?

Urban gardening has been experiencing increased popularity around the world. Many urban gardens are located on sites that may be contaminated by trace elements or organic compounds due to previous use. The three main exposure pathways to the human body for soil contaminants are (a) ingestion of soil directly, (b) consumption of produce containing or superficially contaminated with a contaminant, (c) and inhalation of soil dust. The first two modes have received much attention; however, the contribution of the inhalation route has not been investigated adequately. Two inhalation risk studies were carried out in urban gardens located in Kansas City, MO, by collecting dust while 25-m2 plots were rototilled. Microclimatic variables were monitored, and total inhalable dust mass was determined using a personal sampling train including a small pump and air filter. Soil lead (Pb) concentration was assessed at both sites. For Study 1, particle size distribution of collected particles was estimated through analysis of scanning electron microscope images of filters. Little dust was collected at either site. Most particles captured, however, appeared to be <4μm in diameter. The amount of dust emitted was correlated with soil moisture. Tilling reduced soil aggregate size and blended soil, resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of Pb. Dust inhalation while tilling is likely not a major Pb exposure risk for gardeners, but given the preponderance of very small particles in what was captured, care should be taken to prevent dust from entering the respiratory system.

Kerr effect in ladder-plus-Y-configuration in double quantum dot structure

This work models the Kerr effect in double quantum dot (DQD) ladder-plus-Y system using the density matrix theory. The QD inhomogeneity and wetting layer effect are considered. The Kerr effect is shown to be increased at small pumping where the linear absorption is inhibited. Under very weak probe field in comparison to the pump field, no electromagnetically induced transparency window is shown.

Hydrothermal Organic Geochemistry (HOG) sampler for deployment on deep-sea submersibles

The fate of carbon while passing through the rocky subseafloor of the ocean has direct implications on the global carbon cycle now and over geologic time, as well as the abundance and distribution of subseafloor life. Many organic geochemical studies require larger volumes of fluids than traditional hydrothermal samplers can provide, and also require rigorous steps to be taken to prevent contamination. The Hydrothermal Organic Geochemistry (HOG) sampler is designed to collect large volume (2–9 L) fluid samples with minimal introduction of organic or microbial contamination, and to be powered and deployed in real time from a submersible. Additional design constraints include utilizing materials appropriate for sampling fluids with elevated temperatures, fitting the sampler into the space available on the submersible, and minimizing the time needed to remove samples and prepare the sampler for re-deployment between dives. It utilizes two inlets, one devoted to natural abundance geochemistry and one that can be used for samples pre-dosed with isotopic labels or preservatives. Temperature probes providing real-time data are incorporated into each inlet to facilitate positioning the intake in areas of the hottest fluid flow, thereby minimizing entrainment of ambient bottom seawater while sampling. Fluids are shunted through two main conduits by a large volume pump. Smaller ports stemming off the main conduit connect to positive displacement fluid sample chambers and in situ filters. The outlets of these chambers and filter holders are connected to a 24-port valve, which in turn is connected to a small volume pump. The HOG sampler has successfully collected over 100 high purity fluid samples and 50 in situ filters during two expeditions to deep sea hydrothermal fields.

Distributed and localized cooling with thermoelectrics

G. Jeffrey Snyder is a Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University in Evanston Illinois. His interests are focused on engineering of electronic and thermal properties, and he is well known for his work on thermoelectric materials. He has developed new methods of electron band structure engineering and microstructure engineering of thermal and electrical properties of complex materials. His interdisciplinary approach stems from his background in solid state chemistry at Cornell University and the Max Planck Institute for solid state research, applied physics at Stanford University, and thermoelectric materials and device engineering at NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology (Caltech).

Intense emission at 2.9 μm from Yb3+/Ho3+ co‐doped TeO2–Ga2O3–ZnO tellurite glasses

AbstractMid‐infrared lasers have important applications in infrared countermeasures, sensing, environmental monitoring, biomedicine, and many military and civilian fields. In this work, an intense emission at 2.9 μm from Yb3+/Ho3+ co‐doped TeO2‐Ga2O3‐ZnO (TGZ) glass was reported. The 2 μm, 1.2 μm and visible emissions were also performed to understand the competitive luminescent mechanism. With the increase in Yb3+ concentration, all the emissions of Ho3+ increased, whereas the emission of Yb3+ decreased due to the phonon‐assisted energy transfer from Yb3+ to Ho3+. The lifetimes of optimized 3 mol% Yb2O3 and 1 mol% Ho2O3 co‐doped TGZ glass, which has the maximum emission intensity, are 548 μs and 1.7 ms at 2.9 and 2 μm, respectively. The Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters, absorption, and emission cross sections were calculated to evaluate the mid‐infrared fluorescence properties of this new glass matrix material. The gain coefficients show that the 2 and 2.9 μm laser gain can be realized by small pump energy, indicating that this glass is a promising medium for the mid‐infrared optical fiber laser.

THE FUTURE OF BODY IMPLANTS

There are around 415 million people suffering from diabetes around the globe, and they don't need to get their finger punctured every time their blood sugar is to be monitored or insulin to be delivered, thanks to the magical “Insulin Pumps”. All these tiny machines have is a needle and a small pump, the system is able to monitor the glucose levels, provide information to the pump and then determine the amount of insulin to be injected through the needle. But they have a catch: they're temporary. Within a few days, glucose sensors have to be moved and replaced. And it's not just glucose monitors and insulin pumps that have this problem, but all bodily implants, at different time scales. Plastic prosthetic knees have to be replaced after about 20 years. Other implants, such as those used for cosmetic reasons, can meet the same fate in about 10. That isn't just a nuisance: it can be expensive and risky. This inconvenience happens because of our bodies' immune systems. Honed by several hundred million years of evolution, these defensive fronts have become exceptionally good at identifying foreign objects. Our immune systems boast an impressivearsenal of tools to tackle, intercept, and destroy anything they believe shouldn't be there. But the consequence of this constant surveillance is that our bodies treat helpful implants, like insulin pumps, with the same suspicion as they would a harmful virus or bacteria. As soon as the insulin pump has been implanted in the skin, its presence triggers what's known as a “foreign body response.” This starts with free-floating proteins that stick themselves to the surface of the implant. Those proteins include antibodies, which attempt to neutralize the new object and send out a signal that calls other immune cells to the site to strengthen the attack. Early-responding inflammatory cells, like neutrophils and macrophages, respond to the emergency call. The needle of the pump is labeled as foreign object and attacked with tiny grains that are filled with enzymes, they try t deteriorate the surface of the insulin pump's needle. Macrophages secrete enzymes too, together with nitric oxide radicals, which create a chemical reaction that degrades the object over time. If the macrophages are unable to dispatch the foreign body rapidly, they fuse together, forming a mass of cells called a “giant cell.” At the same time, cells called fibroblasts travel to the site and begin to deposit layers of dense connective tissue. Those enclose the needle that the pump uses to deliver insulin and test for glucose levels. Over time this scaffolding builds up, forming a scar around the implant. The scar functions as an almost impenetrable wall that might start to block vital interactions between the body and the implant. For example, scarring around pacemakers (an electrically charged medical device to control heartbeat) can interrupt the electrical transmission that's crucial for their functioning. With time due to stress and workload, Synthetic knee joints might give out particles that trigger immune cells to come into action and inflame around these fragments. Unfortunately the work of immune system attack might sometime be fatal and endanger life. Research work is underway to trick the immune system into accepting the new devices that are introduced into our bodily tissues. There are implants coated with certain chemicals and drugs that somewhat downplay the response of immune system. Those basically make the implants invisible to the immune system. More implants are being made out of natural materials and in forms that directly mimic issues, so that the body launches a weaker attack than it would if it came across a completely artificial implant. Some medical treatments involve implants designed to regenerate lost or damaged tissues. In those cases, the implant is designed to contain ingredients that will release specific signals, and carefully tailor to bodies' immune reactions. In the future, this way of working alongside the immune system could help develop completely artificial organs, totally integrative prostheses, and self-healing wound therapies. These treatments might one day revolutionize medicine and transform, forever, thebodies we live in.

High Pressure Vertical Axis Wind Pump

Abstract A novel positive displacement, high pressure, vertical axis wind pump (HP-VAWP) was evaluated for the application of stand-alone high-pressure reverse-osmosis desalination and drip irrigation systems. The direct interface between a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) and a positive displacement pump that delivers a constant liquid volume per revolution has never been studied before. Understanding the interaction between turbine and pump efficiencies, where delivery pressure is determined by back-pressure alone, is critical for efficient design. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted on a small-scale two-bladed turbine (0.4 m2 cross-sectional area) that operated on a dynamic stall principle. At these small laboratory scales, the turbine and pump peak efficiencies were relatively low (15% and 28%, respectively); nevertheless, the system produced nearly constant pressures in excess of 1.5 bar for a broad operational range. Moreover, the system exhibited a basic self-priming capability, and the turbine could easily be braked by overloading the pump. A conservative field-scale analysis of an HP-VAWP system indicated that a medium-size turbine (12.5 m2 cross-sectional area) could attain a peak efficiency of 12.9%. Realistic efficiencies greater than 20% are attainable, significantly exceeding the 4%–8% typical peak efficiency of the widely used American multibladed wind pumps. Indeed, our research indicates that an HP-VAWP system is viable and requires further development. The benefits of zero carbon emissions during operation, high relative efficiency, and easy manufacturing and maintenance render the HP-VAWP ideal for stand-alone or off-grid environments.

Rebamipide ameliorates indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage and proton pump inhibitor-induced exacerbation of this damage by modulation of small intestinal microbiota.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce small intestinal damage. It has been reported that rebamipide, a mucoprotective drug, exerts a protective effect against NSAID-induced small intestinal damage; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the significance of the small intestinal microbiota in the protective effect of rebamipide against indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in mice. A comprehensive analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed an alteration in the composition of the small intestinal microbiota at the species level, modulated by the administration of rebamipide and omeprazole. The transplantation of the small intestinal microbiota of the mice treated with rebamipide suppressed the indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage. Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, exacerbated the indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage, which was accompanied by the alteration of the small intestinal microbiota. We found that the transplantation of the small intestinal microbiota of the rebamipide-treated mice ameliorated indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage and the omeprazole-induced exacerbation of the damage. These results suggest that rebamipide exerts a protective effect against NSAID-induced small intestinal damage via the modulation of the small intestinal microbiota, and that its ameliorating effect extends also to the exacerbation of NSAID-induced small intestinal damage by proton pump inhibitors.

Numerical Research on Performance of High-Speed Partial Emission Pump

The high-speed partial emission pump is a small flow and high-head pump, which has been widely used. To study the main factors affecting the performance of high-speed partial emission pumps, numerical simulation methods were used to calculate the performance parameters of high-speed partial emission pumps with and without inducers, and the external characteristic parameters were verified through comparison test values. The results show that the head of the high-speed partial emission pump with inducer is nearly 15 m higher than that of the high-speed partial emission pump without inducer. Considering the influence of air in the high-speed partial emission pump on the working performance, the two-phase flow with different flow rates, different particle sizes, and different concentrations was calculated, and the different liquid phase distributions, liquid phase velocity vector diagrams, and external characteristic curve were compared. The results show that under the same flow condition, the gas-phase particle diameter has the most severe influence on the external characteristic.

Design and Analysis of a Small Sewage Source Heat Pump Triple Supply System

Based on the characteristics of sewage from beauty salons, a simulation model of a small sewage source heat pump triple supply system that can be applied to such places is established to optimize the operating conditions of ... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press