Small Projectiles Research Articles

Aerodynamic Characteristics and Its Sensitivity Analysis of a Cylindrical Projectile at Different Incidences

The accurate evaluation of aerodynamic characteristics is a prerequisite and foundation for the design of high-performance aerodynamic shapes, navigation guidance, and strength of projectiles. The nonlinearity of aerodynamic calculations for a projectile is high, and the modeling and simulation are difficult, especially under the high-angle of attack flight conditions. Small variations in flight conditions, and structural parameters, etc., may cause large deviations in aerodynamic responses. Taking a small cylindrical projectile as an example, and to realize its attitude control, it is necessary to conduct aerodynamic characteristics analysis on it and analyze the main influencing factors of its aerodynamic characteristics parameters. In this paper, the finite volume method is used to solve the three-dimensional unsteady N-S equation, combined with the SST k-ω turbulence model, the overlapping grid technology, and the forced pitching vibration method, and the aerodynamic characteristics analysis model of the projectile is established, which realizes the accurate simulation of the surrounding flow field, aerodynamic coefficients, and dynamic derivative of the projectile under different flight conditions. On this basis, the Sobol global sensitivity analysis method based on the augmented radial basis function surrogate model of aerodynamics characteristics and Latin hypercube sampling is used to efficiently analyze and obtain the main influence parameters of cylindrical projectile aerodynamic characteristics. This paper provides a basic theory and fast algorithm for subsequent engineering system design, which has important theoretical and engineering value.

RETRACTED: Systematic theoretical research towards industrial application of high-speed microparticle impact resulting material modifications

Microscale particle-target interactions and the resulting modifications of the target material play a crucial role in the domains of industrial manufacturing and application process. As know that the processing and manufacturing, failure prevention, and even the spacecraft protection against hypervelocity micrometeorites and orbital microdebris. Based on such an interesting, noteworthy, and profoundly applied research, it quickly followed up and compiled a series of relevant studies for particle-target interactions of high-speed microparticle impact. Here, it discussed the gas-based, laser-based, and electrostatic-based of the high-speed microparticle impacts. Among these, laser-induced particle impacts stand out for their high throughput and the suitability for operation in small facilities or even on standard laboratory optical benches. Various behaviors have been observed with smaller projectiles, relatively high velocities, and extreme strain rates, which involved the description of launching system, dynamic capturing of high-speed videography, triggering and characterization of material response, and resulting material modification. Subsequently, it conducted a summary and future prospect of the focused topics. As expected that the particle-target interactions will become an effective tool for the study of microprocessing, multi-field coupling, material strengthening and modification, it will bridge multidisciplinary to understand the scientific phenomena involved in the impact process, also provides a novel strategy for the development of next-generation of ballistic impact testing.

The investigation of deflection behavior in carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite laminates under low-velocity impact with small projectiles

This study examined the impact behavior of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite laminates with 2, 4, and 6 mm thicknesses under low-velocity tests. The investigation involved subjecting the composite laminates under small-impact loads using spherical, cylindrical, and conical steel projectiles, each weighing 3 g. The impacts conducted at 29.5, 36.5, and 51 m/s velocities. This investigation modeled using finite element (FE) methods and analytical approaches. In the analytical method, the mass and spring model used for the impact of small projectiles. The research findings revealed that, in 2 mm thick carbon/epoxy composite laminates, the maximum deflection at the mid-point induced by a spherical projectile was 1.37 mm. This value exhibited a 48.91% and 19.13% increase compared to impacts with cylindrical and conical projectiles, respectively. Additionally, a comprehensive examination of delamination across all samples indicated the maximum delamination occurrence in glass/epoxy samples, showcasing lower impact resistance than carbon/epoxy laminates. Notably, with an increase in thickness, the delamination phenomenon in the samples exhibited a decreasing trend. In addition, the maximum value of delamination in the composite laminates were with spherical, conical, and cylindrical projectiles respectively, and also, there was an excellent convergence between FE and analytical results.

Numerical study of water entry of vehicle under near free surface caused by underwater explosion

Water entry of a high-speed vehicle with a small angle can easily cause such phenomena as bouncing and unstable trajectory. Underwater explosion near the free surface can provide better wave conditions for vehicle, which may significantly reduce slamming loads and improve trajectory stability. In this paper, numerical models of underwater explosion near free surface and water entry of a high-speed vehicle are established based on Coupled Euler-Lagrange (CEL) method of ABAQUS software. The feasibility of water entry of vehicle with small angle in underwater explosion bubble is verified by CEL numerical method. First, in order to verify the effectively of CEL method for solving problems of water entry and underwater explosion, experiment on water entry of projectile is carried out, a numerical models of a small projectile entering water and free-field underwater explosion are established. The obtained numerical results are compared with those of experiments or empirical formulas. Then, a water entry model of a high-speed vehicle with a small angle under static water surface conditions is established; and its slamming loads and motion trajectory during entry process are analyzed. Finally, numerical model water entry of a vehicle in an underwater explosion bubble is developed. The obtained results for the trajectory and slamming load characteristics are compared with those under static water surface conditions. The results show that underwater explosion near free surface can provide a cavity before water entry can significantly reduce the overload of the vehicle and effectively improve its trajectory stability during entry process. This study provides an innovative approach to reducing loads of a high-speed vehicle with small angle, which has a significant value for solving cross-media entry problems in the field of ships and ocean engineering.

Ice breaking by low-velocity impact with a rigid sphere

Penetrator–ice plate impact subjected to dynamic loading constitutes many scientific applications for ice, such as controlling ice disasters by penetrating the ice cover and then entering underwater to explosive ice breaking on Earth, and life detection and resource development under water ice sheet on outer space planets. We present experimental results of brittle damage induced by a small spherical projectile impacting an ice plate with a thickness of 6–50 mm using a drop ball test device or a vertical gas gun. The corresponding impact velocities vary from 2 to 74 m/s. Crater parameters, residual velocity and energy absorption are investigated and assessed. The main fracture patterns and crater formation are captured by two high-speed cameras. A dynamic recrystallization phenomenon of polycrystalline ice is observed, and its formation mechanism is preliminarily analysed. The effects of the impact velocity, ice sample thickness, and restriction conditions on dynamic fracture processes and failure modes are systematically explored. These results improve our understanding of dynamic fracturing mechanism in ice engineering applications.

Numerical investigation of ice plate fractures upon rigid ball impact

The fracture process and breaking capability of ice cover impacted by high-speed projectiles before underwater explosion is an urgent subject of scientific research in ice engineering applications. This paper presents the results of numerical simulations of the dynamic fracture behaviour induced by the impact of a small spherical projectile on an ice plate. The proposed 3D rate-dependent peridynamics model is validated by the dynamic ring Brazilian disc testing of ice specimens. Good agreements between the present model and the previous experiments are obtained in ice breaking processes and damage patterns of thin, medium and thick ice plates. Several cases are analysed and discussed in terms of various impact velocities, ice thicknesses, and boundary constraint conditions. The simulations identify detailed fracturing characteristics that are not observed in experiments, including the sequence and shape of crack propagation in a short time interval, the crater formation and the damage evolution along the thickness direction. The proposed peridynamics computational model provides new understanding of the potential of using penetrator–ice block impact tests to observe the evolution of complex brittle damage and reveal the failure mechanism.

The Collisional Evolution of the Primordial Kuiper Belt, Its Destabilized Population, and the Trojan Asteroids

The tumultuous early era of outer solar system evolution culminated when Neptune migrated across the primordial Kuiper Belt (PKB) and triggered a dynamical instability among the giant planets. This event led to the ejection of ∼99.9% of the PKB (here called the destabilized population), heavy bombardment of the giant planet satellites, and the capture of Jupiter’s Trojans. While this scenario has been widely tested using dynamical models, there have been fewer investigations into how the PKB, its destabilized population, and the Trojans experienced collisional evolution. Here we examined this issue for all three populations with the code Boulder. Our constraints included the size–frequency distributions (SFDs) of the Trojan asteroids and craters on the giant planet satellites. Using this combination, we solved for the unknown disruption law affecting bodies in these populations. The weakest ones, from an impact energy per mass perspective, were diameter D ∼ 20 m. Overall, collisional evolution produces a power-law-like shape for multikilometer Trojans and a wavy-shaped SFD in the PKB and destabilized populations. The latter can explain (i) the shapes of the ancient and younger crater SFDs observed on the giant planet satellites, (ii) the shapes of the Jupiter family and long-period comet SFDs, which experienced different degrees of collision evolution, and (iii) the present-day impact frequency of superbolides on Jupiter and smaller projectiles on Saturn’s rings. Our model results also indicate that many observed comets, the majority which are D < 10 km, are likely to be gravitational aggregates formed by large-scale collision events.

Machine learning for predicting the outcome of terminal ballistics events

Machine learning (ML) is well suited for the prediction of high-complexity, high-dimensional problems such as those encountered in terminal ballistics. We evaluate the performance of four popular ML-based regression models, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), and Gaussian process regression (GP), on two common terminal ballistics’ problems: (a) predicting the V50 ballistic limit of monolithic metallic armour impacted by small and medium calibre projectiles and fragments, and (b) predicting the depth to which a projectile will penetrate a target of semi-infinite thickness. To achieve this we utilise two datasets, each consisting of approximately 1000 samples, collated from public release sources. We demonstrate that all four model types provide similarly excellent agreement when interpolating within the training data and diverge when extrapolating outside this range. Although extrapolation is not advisable for ML-based regression models, for applications such as lethality/survivability analysis, such capability is required. To circumvent this, we implement expert knowledge and physics-based models via enforced monotonicity, as a Gaussian prior mean, and through a modified loss function. The physics-informed models demonstrate improved performance over both classical physics-based models and the basic ML regression models, providing an ability to accurately fit experimental data when it is available and then revert to the physics-based model when not. The resulting models demonstrate high levels of predictive accuracy over a very wide range of projectile types, target materials and thicknesses, and impact conditions significantly more diverse than that achievable from any existing analytical approach. Compared with numerical analysis tools such as finite element solvers the ML models run orders of magnitude faster. We provide some general guidelines throughout for the development, application, and reporting of ML models in terminal ballistics problems.

Modeling and simulation on dynamic engraving process of small caliber armor-piercing projectile with lead-free aluminum filler

In order to reduce the ineffective armor-piercing weight of the small caliber armor-piercing projectile, improve combat effectiveness, and reduce the pollution of lead fillers to the environment, a projectile with aluminum filler was proposed. Taking the small caliber armor-piercing projectile as the research object, using explicit dynamic methods and coupling the classical internal ballistic equations, a numerical simulation model of bullet–barrel interactions during dynamic engraving process was established. And the reliability of the model was verified by the dynamic engraving experiment. Besides, using copper and copper-clad steel (CCS) as the jacket material, and aluminum and lead as the filler material, numerical simulation studies of four schemes were carried out. The result shows that, the aluminum filler projectile will cause a slight increase in the maximum chamber pressure and a slight decrease in the muzzle velocity of the projectile, an increase in the sliding friction force and a decrease in the maximum deformation force, an increase in the contact stress on both sides of the land and a decrease in the contact stress on the land and groove. And the contact stress on the non-driving side is larger than that on the driving side. The average contact stress and the engraving resistance of the Cu-Al case and CCS-Pb case are very close. And the application of Cu-Al projectile may improve the shooting accuracy in the hot barrel conditions compared with Cu-Pb projectile, and achieve the same performance as CCS-Pb projectile.

Review of the legal and regulatory history of lead in hunting

AbstractIn the United States, regulations to restrict the use of lead in ammunition have evolved at both the federal and state levels since lead shot was banned for hunting waterfowl nationwide by federal regulation in 1991. Prior to 1991, most of the effort and discussions were focused on reducing lead ingestion by wildlife from, and finding alternatives for, shotgun ammunition i.e., ammunition firing multiple small projectiles from one shell. Shotgun ammunition is often used for hunting small game mammals and birds. Since then, much, but not all, of the focus has shifted to reducing lead ingestion by wildlife from, and finding alternatives for, rifle ammunition i.e., ammunition firing a single projectile. Rifle ammunition is often, but not exclusively, used for hunting large game. Herein I will review the history of regulating lead in hunting ammunition in the U.S., and discuss some of the social, scientific, economic, and technological issues regarding switching from lead to nonlead alternatives.

PD01-04 THE SPLASH ZONE - EFFICACY OF URETEROSCOPIC ADAPTERS IN CONTAINING HAZARDOUS LEAK

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD01-04 THE SPLASH ZONE - EFFICACY OF URETEROSCOPIC ADAPTERS IN CONTAINING HAZARDOUS LEAK Sami Mostafa, Vishnuvardhan Ganesan, William Fuell, Emily Turnquist, Deepak Agarwal, and Michael Borofsky Sami MostafaSami Mostafa More articles by this author , Vishnuvardhan GanesanVishnuvardhan Ganesan More articles by this author , William FuellWilliam Fuell More articles by this author , Emily TurnquistEmily Turnquist More articles by this author , Deepak AgarwalDeepak Agarwal More articles by this author , and Michael BorofskyMichael Borofsky More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003218.04AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: There are a variety of ureteroscope adapters available to facilitate instrument passage while maintaining pressurized irrigation and preventing fluid loss. The potential for leakage from an adapter during a procedure is an occupational hazard for surgeons and OR assistants. We sought to evaluate the leakage potential of various ureteroscopic adapters. METHODS: Six different ureteroscopic adapters were assessed while performing ureteroscopy through a tissue-realistic kidney and ureter model at various levels of pressurized saline (gravity, 150 mmHg, 250 mmHg, Single Action Pumping System (SAPS) (Boston Scientific)). Adapters were first tested out of their initial package and then again after being punctured with an introducer and once more after insertion of a 1.5 Fr Stone Basket. Adjustable valves were opened and set to the most minimal degree to accommodate the basket. Leaking was classified as a drip (non-projectile leakage), a spray (small volume projectile leak), or a splash (large volume projectile leak). Hazardous spray was defined as any projectile leakage. UV fluorescent stain was instilled in the irrigation and utilized to measure the maximal spray distance from the surgeon. RESULTS: Leakage results are presented in Table 1. Only one valve demonstrated no leak under any simulated circumstance (Medtronic Piton). The Gyrus ABP adapter had the highest potential for splash even doing so at gravity. Maximal spray distance was 14.4 feet. Figure 1 demonstrates the effect on operators. CONCLUSIONS: Ureteroscope adapter leakage can be variable among adapters, surgeons should be aware of the hazardous potential for exposure. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e63 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Sami Mostafa More articles by this author Vishnuvardhan Ganesan More articles by this author William Fuell More articles by this author Emily Turnquist More articles by this author Deepak Agarwal More articles by this author Michael Borofsky More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Les premières occupations humaines dans le Sud du Brésil : une vision géoarchéologique intégrée

Between ≈13,000 and 7000 BP, the territory of southern Brazil was occupied in a stable and diverse manner, with the main anthropic trace being in lithic material. Archaeological research has provided more consistent evidence of occupation in different environments and associated with different stratigraphic formation processes since the Late Pleistocene. Therefore, this paper proposes to analyse the history of the earliest evidence of pre-colonial occupation in southern Brazil from a geoarchaeological point of view, focusing on stratigraphic and chronological data and the process of formation of archaeological layers. Thirty-three stratigraphic sections were analysed from 31 archaeological sites distributed along the Paraná, Uruguay and Atlantic basins. Evidence of archaeological levels was found in different geomorphological contexts: plateau, slopes, valley bottom, alluvial plains and rockshelters. The results indicate that the oldest archaeological levels in the region were formed in the Late Pleistocene, associated with periods of fluvial incision that signal important changes in the southern river systems, characterized by the formation of alluvial and colluvial-alluvial terraces in the valley bottoms. This is followed in the Lower Holocene by widespread colluvial processes in the incised valleys, alluvium in the middle river courses and anthropogenic deposits in the rockshelters that formed the main ancient levels. In the early Middle Holocene, sedimentary deposits containing archaeological material decrease significantly, marking regional changes in lithic industries. The data indicate that there appears to be a threshold between deposition and archaeology in the Early Holocene, characterized by high stratigraphic resolution, where stratigraphic sequences show greater thickness and density of archaeological levels. Finally, the diversity of inter-regional lithic assemblages is clearly highlighted, marked by the predominance of industries on pebbles and blocks, the debitage of flakes and blades as a support for various tools in the interior basins and the shaping of small projectile points on the Atlantic slope.

Additive Manufacturing and Combustion Characteristics of Polyethylene Oxide/Aluminum/Copper Oxide-Based Energetic Nanocomposites for Enhancing the Propulsion of Small Projectiles.

The application of nanoscale energetic materials (nEMs) composed of metal and oxidizer nanoparticles (NPs) in thermal engineering systems is limited by their relatively high sensitivity and complex three-dimensional (3D) formability. Polymers can be added to nEMs to lower the sensitivity and improve the formability of 3D structures. In this study, the effect of the addition of polyethylene oxide (PEO; polymer) on the combustion characteristics of aluminum (Al; fuel)/copper oxide (CuO; oxidizer)-based nEMs is investigated. With an increase in the PEO content, the resulting PEO/nEM composites are desensitized to relatively high electrical spark discharges. However, the maximum explosion-induced pressure decreases significantly, and the combustion flame fails to propagate when the PEO content exceeds 15 wt.%. Therefore, the optimal PEO content in a nEM matrix must be accurately determined to achieve a compromise between sensitivity and reactivity. To demonstrate their potential application as composite solid propellants (CSPs), 3D-printed disks composed of PEO/nEM composites were assembled using additive manufacturing. They were cross-stacked with conventional potassium nitrate (KNO3)/sucrose (C12H22O11)-based disk-shaped CSPs in a combustion chamber of small rocket motors. Propulsion tests indicated that the specific impulse of KNSU/PEO/nEM (nEMs: 3.4 wt.%)-based CSPs was at a maximum value, which is approximately three times higher than that of KNSU CSPs without nEMs. This suggests that the addition of an optimized amount of polymer to nEMs is beneficial for various CSPs with compromised sensitivity and reactivity and excellent 3D formability, which can significantly enhance the propulsion of small projectiles.

Collisional Growth and Fragmentation of Dust Aggregates. II. Mass Distribution of Icy Fragments

By performing N-body simulations, we investigated the fundamental processes of collisions between dust aggregates composed of submicron-sized icy dust monomers. We examined the mass distribution of fragments in the collisional outcomes in a wide range of the mass ratio and the collision velocity between colliding dust aggregates. We derived analytic expressions of the mass distribution of large remnants and small fragments by numerical fitting to the simulation results. Our analytic formulae for masses of the large remnants can reproduce the contribution of mass transfer from a large target to a small projectile, which occurs for a mass ratio of ≳3 and is shown in a previous study. We found that the power-law index of the cumulative mass distribution of the small fragments is independent of the mass ratio and only weakly dependent on the collision velocity. On the other hand, the mass fraction of fragments of individual dust monomers decreases with an increasing total mass of colliding aggregates for a fixed mass ratio. This tendency implies that multiple hierarchical disruptive collisions (i.e., collisions between fragments, and collisions between fragments of fragments) are required for producing a large number of individual dust monomers via collisional fragmentation. Our fragment model suggests that the total geometric cross section integrated over the fragments is estimated to be about the same order as the geometric cross section of the target.

Predicting the electromechanical properties of small caliber projectile impact igniter using PZT dynamic damage constitutive model considering crack propagation

Block piezoelectric ceramics (PZTs) are often used in impact igniters to provide activation energy for electric initiators. Under the action of strong impact stress, PZTs release electric energy accompanied by crack initiation, propagation and crushing. At present, the electrical output performance of PZTs in projectile is usually calculated by quasi-static piezoelectric equation without considering the dynamic effect caused by strong impact and the influence of crack propagation on material properties. So the ignition parameters are always not accurately predicted. To tackle this, a PZT dynamic damage constitutive model considering crack propagation is established based on the dynamic impact test and the crack propagation theory of brittle materials. The model is then embedded into the ABAQUS subroutine and used to simulate the electromechanical response of the impact igniter during the impact of a small caliber projectile on the target. Meanwhile, the experiments of projectile with impact igniter impact on the target are carried out. The comparison between experimental and numerical simulation results show that the established dynamic damage model can effectively predict the dynamic electromechanical response of PZTs in the missile service environment.

The evolutionary process and damage characteristics to the target of jet flame produced by the Al/PTFE mixed powder in a small caliber projectile with through-hole

The unsintered Al/PTFE mixed powder is a kind of active material with high energy. Different from traditional explosives, the reactive speed of the Al/PTFE mixed powder is slow, but the deflagration duration is long. When it is applied in a projectile, it can form a new weapon for special purposes. In this paper, the Al/PTFE mixed powder is applied in a projectile with a through-hole and combined with the self-energy supply activation system, a new type of small caliber ammunition is designed. The evolutionary process and duration of the jet flame under high-speed impact and static explosion are analyzed, respectively. And the damage characteristics of the jet flame to the target are analyzed from the perspectives of thermal and overpressure damages. Meanwhile, the internal energy of the jet flame in the confined space is calculated. The results show that the evolutionary process of the jet flame is similar, and the flame propagates rapidly along the crack in the target up to 175 ms under impact ignition and static explosion. The maximum overpressure and radiant temperature can reach 1.89 GPa and 5500 K, respectively. The gas’s internal energy and flash radiant energy in the confined space account for 50.9% of the total released energy.

Interference Effects in Fully Differential Ionization Cross Sections near the Velocity Matching in P + He Collisions

We performed a fully differential experimental and theoretical study on ionization of He in intermediate-energy collisions with protons for a small projectile coherence length. Data were taken for an ejected electron energy corresponding to a speed close to the projectile speed (velocity matching). In the fully differential angular electron distributions, a pronounced double-peak structure, observed previously for a coherence length much larger than the atomic size, is much less pronounced in the current data. This observation is interpreted in terms of interference between first-and higher-order transition amplitudes. Although there is large quantitative disagreement between experiment and theory, the qualitative agreement supports this interpretation.

GNSS Signal Processing Based Attitude Determination of Spinning Projectiles

This article presents a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based attitude (pitch, roll, and heading) determination method for spinning objects by estimating the unit vector along the projectile nose and the antenna pointing vector that lies radially in the plane of rotation. A theoretical framework of a spinning platform is developed by exploiting the periodic variations of the received signal. The presented method provides a drift-free attitude determination of spinning projectiles directly in earth-centered earth-fixed reference. The scheme may find a good combination with low-cost small projectiles where the provision of advanced inertial sensors is constrained by cost and installation space. The proposed solution can be adopted for different degrees of accuracy and computational complexity. The performance guarantee for the proposed algorithm is established using simulated data and real GNSS data. For real satellite signals, the performance results are validated using an experimental setup having a roll rate of around 750 r/min.

Capture in Regime of a Trapped Motion with Further Inelastic Collision for Finite-Sized Asteroid in ER3BP

The application of a modern solving algorithm or method of resolving dynamical equations for small projectile of finite sizes orbiting to be captured in a trapped zigzaging oscillations on orbit around the another large asteroid and in a further inelastic colliding scenario with him (using a formulation of the elliptic restricted three-body problem, ER3BP) is studied semi-analytically. Herein, two primaries MSun and mp (mp &lt; MSun) revolve around their barycenter on Keplerian orbits with low eccentricities. A smaller body (projectile for attacking a large asteroid) is supposed to be a solid, almost symmetric ellipsoid, having the gravitational potential of the MacCullagh type. Our aim is to develop a previously introduced solving procedure and to investigate the updated dynamics of the projectile captured to a trapped dynamical resonance, thereby having the inelastic collision of a small projectile orbiting on quasi-stable elliptic orbits around the large asteroid, mp.

Optimization method for detection a flying bullet

Abstract With the rapid development of modern high technology and continuous improvement of production technology, stringent requirements have been imposed on modern barrel weapons in terms of precision, range, power, and mobility. This needs a substantial improvement and optimization of the detection equipment used to test the performance of barrel weapons. In the present work, an optimization method based on a light screen with a reflection for effectively and economically detecting bullets from barreled weapons within a large detection area is proposed. First, the detection principle of this system is described in detail. Next, the mathematical model of system detection performance is established. Then, the system is simulated, and the simulation results show the ability to realize the effective detection of a small projectile with a diameter of 5.8 mm through an area of 10 m × 10 m. The detection performance at different coordinates of the detection area is symmetrically distributed about the diagonal. Besides, the detection performance is improved with an increase in the bullet diameter and the laser power, respectively. Finally, an equal-scale reduction system with a detection area of 4 m × 4 m is constructed to perform a live ammunition shooting experiment. The distribution and variation of detection performance obtained experimentally are consistent with the simulation. Consequently, the proposed optimization method can meet the requirements concerning high detection performance, large detection area, and low cost.