Small Private Research Articles

The State of National Institute of Health Awards for funding genetic counseling research, resources, and training over the past decade.

Research related to the practice of genetic counseling has historically been accomplished through student projects, small private grants, or as a part of a larger research study. Yet, recent initiatives supported by the National Society of Genetic Counselors and the National Human Genome Research Institute have recognized and promoted the need for additional genetic counseling research funding and training. In this study, we aimed to characterize awards from the United States' National Institutes of Health (NIH) over the past 10 years that support research related to genetic counseling. Asearch of the NIH RePORTER database conducted on April 25, 2022, using terms broadly related to genetic counseling, identified 3993 awards from fiscal years 2011 to 2022. After deduplication, 1231 grants were reviewed for screening. The final dataset included 43 awards of various types with the majority being research or R series grants [R01 (n = 17), R21 (n = 7)]. The remaining awards were Cooperative Agreements (U01, n = 6), intramural (Z-grants, n = 5), Center Core (P30, n = 2), Specialized Center (P50, n = 1), Career Development Award (K01, n = 1), Other Transactions (OT2, n = 1), Resource Program (G13, n = 1), and Research Training and Fellowship (T32, n = 1). Most grants were awarded between 2019 and 2022 (n = 24, 55.8%). The majority of awards were categorized as studies that included a comparison of different genetic counseling models (n = 23), outcomes of implementing genetic counseling (n = 11), core resources for genetic counselors (n = 5), and genetic counseling training programs (n = 4). Thirteen of the awards (30.2%) had a specific aim/goal/focus on underserved or underrepresented populations. The topics were predominantly related to cancer (n = 26). Nine awards were led or co-led by a genetic counselor (20.9%). Despite significant growth in genetic counseling research support from US-based funders over the past 3 years, major gaps related to funding exist, including that most award recipients are not genetic counselors.

Financial Technology and Digital Transformation of Enterprises—A Perspective of Financing Constraints and Credit Rationing

With the rapid development of the Digital economy, the Digital transformation of enterprises has become a new trend, and the effective promotion of the Digitalization of the enterprise is the key to the high-quality development of China’s economy. Through web crawler crawling data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2019 to investigate the role of regional FinTech in Digital transformation of enterprises, using text mining methods. The empirical results show that FinTech has a significant positive effect on Digital transformation of enterprises. After robustness tests such as reducing endogenous problems and replacing samples, the conclusions are still robust; Fintech reduces the information asymmetry between financial institutions and enterprises, alleviates the financing constraints of enterprises, and improves the efficiency of credit allocation by accelerating credit approval, thus promoting the Digital transformation of enterprises; In small and medium-sized private enterprises, FinTech has a more obvious effect on promoting enterprises’ Digital transformation; In the more economically backward Middle West, FinTech can also play its role.

The Efficacy of the MOOC+SPOC Synchronous Learning Model in Vocational Education for Process Control Systems

Incorporating the Industrial Revolution into vocational education, particularly in enhancing curriculum and learning, encounters numerous obstacles. Utilizing technology in interactive learning is anticipated to actively involve learners and enhance their abilities in critical thinking, creativity, innovation, and problem-solving. This study emphasizes the limitations of traditional learning approaches in Process Control Systems and presents a novel framework of MOOC+SPOC Synchronous using a Research and Development (R&D) methodology. The Process Control System course encounters impediments that negatively impact the graduation rate, which is suboptimal. The merging of MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) and SPOC (Small Private Open Course) models into a synchronous MOOC+SPOC learning model seeks to enhance learning outcomes through the utilization of a cloud computing-based Virtual Remote Laboratory (VRLab). The outcome is a model that has been rigorously evaluated and proven effective through empirical research. The research data demonstrated this model's statistically significant positive effect on enhancing student learning outcomes. The Pre-Test and Post-Test results revealed that the experimental group experienced a notable improvement in learning outcomes, with an increase ranging from 10% to 46%. In comparison, the control group also exhibited increased learning outcomes, ranging from 5% to 39%. The statistical analysis reveals a consistent and significant growth in the Experimental group, indicating that students exhibit a favorable level of motivation throughout the learning process, as indicated by the average significance value exceeding 0.5. Based on the test findings acquired from this study, it can be concluded that the Synchronous MOOC+SPOC model is a viable alternative for addressing future difficulties in vocational education. This model is effective and has been proven to work.

Exploring the Reform of Flipped Classroom Teaching Based on SPOC

This study, centered around the "ARM Embedded System Architecture" course, compares traditional teaching methods with the practical effects of a flipped classroom approach based on Small Private Online Courses (SPOC). The analysis of the current teaching situation reveals shortcomings in traditional lecture-based teaching methods concerning student engagement and effectiveness. Therefore, this research focuses on implementing a hybrid teaching model based on SPOC for flipped classrooms, using the Learning APP as a platform. Through comparative experiments between the experimental and control groups, the study collects data on students' learning status, knowledge mastery, and assignment performance. The use of the Learning APP extensively records students' learning trajectories. The results indicate that the SPOC-based flipped classroom model exhibits significant advantages in enhancing student engagement, deepening knowledge internalization, and promoting practical application. This research provides empirical support for the promotion of digitalization and innovative teaching models in higher education, offering insights into the construction of a more flexible and effective educational system.

Innovative Motivation Methods of Staff At Small and Private Business Enterprises

.This article discusses one of the crucial challenges for small businesses today- issue of motivation at staff members which in the long run can lead either to prosperity of business or to the failure of it. The aim of this work is to study the reasons and consequences of this phenomenon for small business and private enterprises. During our research we comprehensively studied the works of world expertise on the raised issue, different research methods were used such as abstraction, induction and deduction, methods of observation, logical and structural analysis, grouping, mutual and comparative comparison. Various concepts of work motivation were analysed, concepts proposed by A.Maslow, K.Alderfer, McCelland, F.Herzberg were studied in detail taking into account the specific of human resource management at small business companies. In conclusion, several recommendations were given for small businesses’ managers regarding creating favourable conditions for staff motivation at workplace.

Perfectionism and Stress During Student-Teaching: Managing Uncertainty With Overcompensation

Student teachers who are unclear about their performance expectations may be driven toward perfectionism. This possibility is discussed as an over-compensation strategy to manage uncertainty and a perceived lack of clarity regarding student teachers’ roles in the classroom. In this case study, I examined perfectionism and stress among six female student teachers enrolled in senior-year student teaching at a small private New England university. I conducted interviews regarding perfectionism, stress, and the coping strategies student teachers used to manage the stress of teaching. Response themes are identified, and strategies to manage perfectionism and stress-related behaviors for student teachers are provided. Finally, I consider the relevance of these present findings for other professional development programs.

Ways to Develop Personal Business and Private Entrepreneurship in the Service Sector

This article describes the importance of small business and private entrepreneurship in the national economy of Uzbekistan today and ways to accelerate its development.

Adapting to urban gardening in China: how will policymaking help migrant and native gardeners?

China’s current urban gardening promotion policies mainly focus on community gardens and lack in-depth research on the differentiated needs of different urban gardeners. To meet the diverse needs of China’s gardeners, this study proposes a typology that classifies gardeners into urban native and migrant ones based on their urban and rural living experiences in China. A questionnaire survey conducted in the core area of Chongqing city revealed significant differences and some similarities in gardening motivations and behaviors between urban native and migrant gardeners: (1) Although most of the gardeners approved of the value of food production and green scenery creation that Chinese urban gardening has, and disapproved of its value for family income generation, the urban native gardeners’ disapproving attitude towards family income generation, and their approval of green scenery creation were more assertive, while on the contrary, the urban migrant gardeners had a more robust approval attitude towards food production. (2) The urban native gardeners preferred proximity and small private spaces for a combination of ornamental vegetation and edible vegetables. In contrast, the urban migrated gardeners preferred larger areas for gardening in non-community spaces and leaned towards edible vegetables. (3) Both have shared motivations related to the recreation and ecological conservation values of urban gardening. Given the above differences and similarities, this paper proposes an urban gardening development strategy that meets the needs of the two types of gardeners in China, including space planning and design, operation, and management of gardening spaces, and organization of activities.

English Distance Teaching Based on SPOC Classroom and Online Mixed Teaching Mode

At present, the English Small Private Online Course (SPOC) online mixed teaching model has problems in evaluating students' learning and organizing teaching papers. For example, the evaluation is chaotic and unable to meet the key points of organizing the paper. Starting from the thinking chain that accepting learning outcomes can promote learning behavior, a score prediction method and test paper generation algorithm (TPGA) based on a learning evaluation diagnostic model are designed. Among them, the performance prediction algorithm is designed by combining multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF). The TPGA is based on students' learning status. The research results show that most of the predicted values output by the performance prediction model are not significantly different from the actual values. They are within a reasonable range. Meanwhile, under the influence of TPGA, the number of students in the experimental group is higher in the 70-80 and 80-90 segments, with 27 and 6, respectively. The experimental group has a higher average score rate on each type of question and knowledge point. Both models have high student satisfaction, indicating that the results oriented online mixed learning strategy designed in the study can effectively improve students' learning outcomes.

Blended teaching mode based on small private online course and case-based learning in analgesia and sedation education in China: a comparison with an offline mode

BackgroundStandardized training for pain, agitation-sedation, and delirium (PAD) management is urgently needed for Chinese intensivists’ continuing education. Since 2020, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese Analgesia and Sedation Education and Research (CASER) group has used an online blended teaching mode based on a small private online course (SPOC) and case-based learning (CBL). This study evaluated whether an online blended teaching mode has similar effects on PAD management training when an offline mode cannot be used.Materials and methodsSince 2020, the CASER group has provided offline training and online SPOC&CBL training three times each, targeting intensivists and ICU nurses in China. All participants were divided into an offline group and SPOC&CBL group. A final examination was offered in each training session to assess the students' mastery of professional knowledge. Teachers’ and students’ perceptions regarding the online SPOC&CBL mode were evaluated through questionnaires.ResultsOf all participants (n = 117), 106 completed all examinations and questionnaires. Most participants were aged 31–40 years (53, 50.0%), had an academic degree (60, 56.6%), and worked in a tertiary hospital (100, 94.34%). We assessed the learning effect on participants from two aspects: theory and clinical practice. There was no significant difference between the SPOC&CBL and offline groups in terms of theoretical, case analysis, and total scores (p > 0.05). In terms of the participants’ perceptions regarding the SPOC&CBL mode, 91.5% considered the online mode to be a useful and accessible alternative to improve knowledge and skills. A total of 95.7% of the participants believed that they could interact well with group members, and 87.2% believed that they had a good degree of participation. Of these participants, 76.6% believed that they had received valuable learning resources. All instructors believed that the SPOC&CBL mode was more flexible than the offline mode in terms of teaching time and location, and they were all willing to carry out training with the SPOC&CBL mode.ConclusionCompared to the offline mode, the SPOC&CBL mode can also enhance participants’ knowledge and skills and meets their expectations. Therefore, an online mode can be considered a potential method in PAD management education in China.

The application and influence of “Small Private Online Course” based on flipped classroom teaching model in the course of fundamental operations in surgery in China

To investigate the effect of “Small Private Online Course” (SPOC) based on flipped classroom teaching model on the students in the course of fundamental operations in surgery. A prospective study. 8-year program students (juniors) majored in clinical medicine in Navy medical university. The mastery of theoretical knowledge and operational skill of the students, the comparison of final test examination score between traditional teaching method and “SPOC + flipped classroom” model and the feedback completed by students. Our study found that SPOC + flipped classroom could significantly increase the efficacy of the class and enhance the ability of the students compared with the traditional method. The new teaching model could have a positive influence for medical students on their basic knowledge and operational skill.

Analysis and Solutions of the Current Situation and Problems of Organizing the Activities of Small and Private Business Entities in Uzbekistan

The article considers information about the current state of small business and private business entities, their growth trends, and the article also shows the role of small business and private business entities in the current economy and their share in some sectors. The article describes the external and internal problems that are currently the most difficult for business entities and how to solve them. Additionally, the results of the survey conducted among entrepreneurs are also included in the analytical center of the article. Statistical indicators and results of econometric analysis are expressed in a convenient visual graphic form.

Analysis of the current state of small business and private entrepreneurship development

The small business sector is gaining importance as a basis for structural change of the regional economy in creating healthy competition conditions, ensuring employment of the population, and solving the problems of filling the market with goods. In the system of the internal market economy, entrepreneurship is increasingly forming the basis of production, it is becoming crucial in establishing the processes of reducing poverty and ensuring economic growth. The development of small business enterprises is of great importance for the development of the entire country and its regions, as it is a source of economic growth. The unique experience gathered by local enterprises and the positive results of small business development in countries that have passed the stage of economic system reform indicate that small business has achieved great success in the process of forming the market system. In this regard, it remains relevant to study the main conditions, trends and characteristics of small business development in the region.

ПРИВЛАСНЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ЦИФРОВОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО ПРОДУКТУ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЇ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ДОСВІДУ

The article was sanctified to research of European experience of appropriation of informatively-digital intellectual product. A variant of integration method was used for achieving of aim of the research. On the achievements of European experience of realization of appropriation of informatively-digital intellectual product was accented. The prospects of implementation of partial conditions of appropriation of informatively-digital intellectual product in France to realities of national economics of Ukraine were circumscribe. The analysis of international level of interaction of actors of appropriation of informatively-digital intellectual product in the spectrum of its elements, attributes and conditions was conducted. To research of specific of exteriorization of appropriation of informativelydigital intellectual product in France was spared the special attention. On the exert of appropriation mainly not own the created legitimate of informatively-digital of intellectual product in the conditions of intensifying of action of tendency of associating of small private ownership and its transforming at the largest into the economy of France was accented. The functional of appropriation not own the created legitimate informatively-digital intellectual product in the socio-economic clusters of its actors was detected. This functional in the system of equalizations was formalized. The means of diminishing of barriers of reproduction of appropriation of not own the created legitimate informatively-digital intellectual product in the socio-economic clusters of its actors were severed in next parts: government financial stimulus of development of knowledge in part of improvement of competence, skills and creation of "breach" of technologies (in the cluster of creators); patenting and licensing how the facts of "exhausting of rights" with domination of large appropriator above relatively of small (in the cluster of producers); government budgetary programs of stimulation of investment-innovative activity of private sector (in the cluster of mediatorsentrepreneurs). At the maximization of actualized of the belonging of intellectual product and minimization of latent of the belonging of intellectual product was proposed the formalizing of functional of appropriation not own the created legitimate intellectual product in foreshortening of European experience. Practical importance of the paper was represented in an availability for government regulation of use of European experience of development of local types of industrial activity in Ukraine, and also them scientific accompaniment.

Revisiting Small Private Key Attacks on Common Prime RSA

Revisiting Small Private Key Attacks on Common Prime RSA

Prices for veterinary care of dogs, cats and horses in selected countries in Europe.

In recent years, prices for veterinary care have received considerable attention in mainstream media, yet scientific literature has not delved into actual figures. This study aims to elucidate veterinary care costs for dogs, cats, and horses across five countries [Sweden (SE), Norway (NO), Denmark (DK), United Kingdom (UK), and Ireland (IR, with limited data)] through web searches. Utilising online business directories, we located URLs featuring veterinary care prices in autumn 2022, and repeated tri-monthly five times. Vetpris.se (VP), a price comparison site for SE, NO, and DK, emerged from the search. Additionally, we sought to compare price data from veterinary clinics (ranging from animal hospitals to small private clinics) using a similar approach to VP. We targeted elective procedures (e.g., gonadectomy, GDY) and common procedures (e.g., pyometra surgery in dogs). Comparing data from the same clinics' websites and from VP within extraction from autumn 2022 to winter 2023/2024, median prices for dog and cat GDY were largely consistent. By October 2023, median prices for male cat GDY ranged from €72 (SE) to €230 (DK), and €130 (SE) to €361 (DK) for females; for dog GDY from €390 (SE) to €599 (DK) for males, and €461 (UK) to €1015 (DK) for females. Across sources, median prices for cat and dog GDY increased by 2-24% over a year for procedures with at least 10 clinics per extraction. Equine GDY (per sedation and local analgaesia) in SE saw a 64% increase by year-end, with a median price of €492. Emergency surgeries during regular-hours (e.g., pyometra and caesarean section) in SE were approximately €2,300 at the last extraction, marking a 27% increase for pyometra surgery during regular-hours and 15% after-hours compared to the previous year. Variability existed within and across countries and diagnoses/procedures. Cross-validation suggested VP generally provided reliable information, though data points for emergencies were limited. Our web searching tool necessitated extensive manual verification, indicating room for further development. We recommend enhancing price transparency for animal owners to become better informed about the cost of veterinary care and be able to make informed choices.

The Choice of Accounting Standards under Competing Tax and External Reporting Preferences: Evidence from Intangible Asset Reporting in Small Private Firms

The Choice of Accounting Standards under Competing Tax and External Reporting Preferences: Evidence from Intangible Asset Reporting in Small Private Firms

Exploring the Online Platform Construction of English Movie Audiovisual Speaking Blended Teaching Mode Based on POA Theory of Production-Oriented Approach

Abstract This article is concerned with improving college students’ English audiovisual speaking ability in the context of the development of the times. Based on the SPOC (Small Private Online Course) teaching platform and the POA (Production-Oriented Approach) theory, the article constructs a blended teaching mode of English movie audiovisual speaking course. This model extracts English movie audiovisual features through the multimodal fusion of audiovisual correlation perception and audiovisual recognition. The article adopts CRNN (Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network) model and 3D convolutional structure to build a multimodal audiovisual speech recognition model for English movies. The differences between blended and traditional teaching are analyzed and the effects of integrated teaching are explored through a study of South China Agricultural University students. The study results show that the combined teaching is 0.699 points higher than the traditional teaching method in the average normalized gain score, and the audiovisual speaking ability of the students in the experimental class has improved by 76.04%. The blended teaching of English movie audiovisual speaking based on SPOC platform can effectively enhance students’ audiovisual speaking ability, thus promoting students’ cross-cultural communication ability.

Pioneers in endoscopy - life and work of Philipp Bozzini

Philip Bozzini was born in 1773 in Mainz on the Rhine, Germany. In 1796, he completed his medical studies and received the title of doctor of medicine. In the same year, he received his license to practice and opened a medical practice in his hometown. In 1801, Bozzini and his family moved to Frankfurt am Main, but it was not until 1803 that the city council granted him citizenship and the right to practice medicine. Bozzini had a small private medical practice, which gave him a lot of time for scientific work, writing articles and preparing several inventions. The result was the development of a device for examining body cavities, which he called Lichtleiter – „light conductor”. However, his invention was not widely used in medical practice due to a negative opinion issued by the Faculty of Medicine in Vienna. In 1808, Bozzini received the title Physicus extraordunarius, which was associated with the duties of caring for people suffering from typhus. In 1809, Philipp Bozzini fell ill with typhus and died shortly thereafter at the age of almost 36.

Challenges of glaucoma management in Kosovo

Aims/Purpose: Most glaucoma studies are focused on high‐income countries, with very few focused on low‐to‐medium‐income countries such Kosovo. The aim of this study is to present challenges of glaucoma management in Kosovo, a country with a population of 1.8 million and overall life expectancy of 76.7 years that does not have a social insurance system (1–3).Methods: Data are taken from official government documents, very few scientific publications, and individual experience.Results: National health care system in Kosovo is subsidized by the government, through taxation system that struggles from underfunding. A growing private sector operates with out‐of‐pocket payments in up to 33%, that are mainly spend on pharmaceuticals (4–6). There have been efforts to develop treatment protocols, however still clinical practice can be based on the individual preferences or historical practice (7–9).Glaucoma treatment is not an expectation. The reference centre is glaucoma department at the University Clinical Centre of Kosova (UCCK). Conservative glaucoma management is provided in seven regional hospitals and small private clinics through the country. However, many newer procedures are provided only in private hospitals, whereas conservative therapy is not imbursed by state. There is no special glaucoma fellowship programme and very few young ophthalmologists are interested to provide glaucoma care. In the absence of a generalized Health Information System (HIS), there are difficulties in obtaining glaucoma management data through the country, but many incentives and activities are taking places recently.Conclusion: There is a need for HIS in glaucoma clinics, development of care standards as well as extensive training and knowledge transfer among the staff. Shifting to evidence‐based approach management is challenging, however there is potential for improvement.