Small Peripheral Countries Research Articles

Economic impact of international second-rate mega-sporting events on tourism: case study of EuroBasket 2011 in Lithuania / Tarptautinių didelių sporto renginių ekonominis poveikis turizmui: 2011 m. Europos krepšinio čempionato Lietuvoje atvejo studija

According to Zipf’s Law, the scale (frequency, abundance, strength, popularity, etc.) of many real-world phenomena increases or decreases logarithmically depending on the class, rank, or weight of the studied phenomenon. This law also applies to the popularity and attendance of mega-sporting events; therefore, it is pertinent for the assessment of an economic impact of the event. If this peculiar feature of mega-sporting events is ignored, any accurate forecast of the popularity of the event and the assessment of its economic impact becomes difficult. The paper illustrates this thesis by highlighting the economic impact of the European Basketball Championship, held in Lithuania in 2011, upon the tourism and hospitality industry in this country. The aim of the study was to assess the applicability of Zipf’s Law in the case of mega-sporting events by surveying the popularity and economic effect of international second-rate sport event such as the European Basketball Championship, which was held in a small peripheral country, Lithuania. The ethnographic survey was based on a series of semi-structured in-depth face-to-face interviews (Tribe, 2010). It was conducted from August to September in 2011. The key interviewed persons were various stakeholders, representing Lithuanian tourism and hospitality industry on different levels – from local café owners, staff of tourism information centres in the cities where EuroBasket 2011 took place to the high-level officials of the Lithuanian Hotel and Restaurant Association. Altogether, 25 interviews have been accomplished ex-ante, during, and ex-post the championship. The results of the in-depth interviews were further supplemented, compared, and correlated with similar interviews that had been conducted ex-ante, during, and ex-post EuroBasket 2011 by different Lithuanian mass-media and had been available on the internet and various published sources. In addition to the ethnographic survey, we have conducted an internet survey, concerning the popularity of various team sports in selected countries of Europe. We have conducted a simple survey, aimed at assessing how many results for the terms defining team sports are extracted from the internet by the most popular web search engines (Google for the terms in the Latin alphabet and Yandex in the Cyrillic alphabet). Italian, Russian, and Lithuanian languages were chosen in order to eliminate the global scope of the Anglophone, Hispanophone, and Francophone terms and to avoid any confusion with ambiguous terms, for example “American football”. [...]

Perceptions of the institutional environment and entrepreneurial intentions in a small peripheral country

The paper investigates the intentions of people in a peripheral small country (Cyprus) to start a new business in relation to their perceptions of the various dimensions of the institutional environment in their country (normative, cognitive, and regulatory) and the extent of its favourability for an entrepreneurial start-up. It has used the well-known instrument of Busenitz et al. (2000) to measure the Cyprus entrepreneurial institutional profile as perceived by potential entrepreneurs and a suitable scale for their entrepreneurial intentions. It also considers socio-demographic factors, entrepreneurial family experience and self-efficacy for an entrepreneurial career. It was found that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial family background are positively associated with entrepreneurial intention. Regarding the institutional environment, only its cognitive dimension is significantly associated with the entrepreneurial intention. The association contrary to expectations is negative.

The replacement of media policies with (media) entrepreneurship policies: A view from Europe’s periphery

Abstract Estonia is recognized for its optimism with regard to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) – the country has benchmarking online services, and the number of start-ups per inhabitant is the highest in Europe. The ways this enthusiasm is translated into its audio-visual policy is the topic of this article. Estonia’s internal market for audio-visual services is very small, and this limits the degrees of freedom for its institutional actors – commercial broadcasters do not drive market innovation. Yet the responsibility of public service broadcasters for innovation coordination is not recognized in Estonia’s policy frameworks. In contrast, many new initiatives are funded that are aimed at supporting the cooperation of the audiovisual industry’s small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with ICT sector. Such initiatives rely on the hope for scalable returns to national gross domestic product (GDP) rather than generating diversity in media. Yet these measures suffer from structural constraints that limit the growth of media SMEs in small peripheral countries. This article raises related issues for both national and European policies.

Greece and the Decline of Europe

The sovereign debt crisis and economic collapse of Greece is not a national exception. The eurozone and the entire EU are now the epicenter of the world capitalist crisis that exploded in 2007. Greece is the weakest link of the European chain that is threatened to break apart with enormous consequences for the world economy. All the interventions by the EU led by Germany, by the European Central Bank and the IMF were socially disastrous and economically totally inefficient. The second bailout of Greece in February 2012 has been met with a powerful resistance by the Greek popular masses and has no more chances to succeed than the previous one. No EU financial mechanism or ‘firewall’ is capable of preventing the contagion, which involves now not only small peripheral countries like Portugal or Ireland but the third and fourth biggest European economies, Italy and Spain, and starts to hit the ‘hard core’ of the EU. The crisis manifests the historical decline of capitalism in its birthplace, the European Continent, as well as the decline of bourgeois democracy. A new era of historical social confrontations has opened where the question of political power and of the future of Europe has been explicitly posed.

World Overview

Global economic prospects have deteriorated markedly in recent months. Risks around our central forecast have shifted distinctly to the downside. Much of this is due to the heightened uncertainty surrounding Europe's sovereign debt crisis. There is widespread agreement among policymakers - ranging from the IMF, European Commission and European Central Bank to individual heads of state both within and outside the Euro Area - that resolution to the crisis requires urgent, comprehensive and coordinated action. Yet 17 months after the first bail-out programme was introduced in Greece, policymakers have failed to deliver a strategy that promises a credible prospect of growth and an end to rising debt profiles. Solvency concerns in three relatively small peripheral countries (Greece, Ireland and Portugal), combined with weakening growth across the continent, raise the dangerous spectre of illiquidity beginning to affect solvency in the larger core economies with high debt ratios - notably Italy. Left unchecked, the consequences would be severe for the world economy.

Globalisation and the Spatial Concentration of Production

Abstract(1240) Friederike Niepmann and Gabriel J. FelbermayrIn new trade theory (NTT) models, freer trade tends to increase the spatial concentration of industrial production across countries. While nations with large home markets and central geographical location become increasingly attractive business locations, small peripheral countries gradually deindustrialise. Using data for 26 industries, 20 OECD countries and 20 years, we investigate the empirical validity of this claim. Separating out the role of home market size from geographical factors, and using various panel methods, we find robust evidence in line with theory. Freer trade has indeed magnified the importance of domestic demand and geographical location for the pattern of industrial production across the globe and has therefore exacerbated spatial disparities.

Methods of Political Marketing in (Trans)Formation of Innovation Culture

This paper examines the possibility to use political marketing concepts and methods in the promotion of one of the main targets of a national innovation policy, that is, the development of an innovation culture among private firms. Cyprus, a small peripheral country, is used as a case study. The current methods of promotion and the communication activities of public innovation policy makers in Cyprus and their deficiencies are outlined. Then, a specific framework for developing a relevant marketing strategy is proposed. Newer trends in political marketing theory are also examined for possible application in the improvement of marketing strategy and its implementation.

Entrepreneurship policy in Cyprus

Entrepreneurship policy has relatively recently emerged as an important economic policy contributing to economic development, employment growth and innovation. The present article analyses first the theoretical approaches and models, which have been developed for this type of policy. It uses then an eclectic model as a framework for the study of the emergent entrepreneurship policy in the context of a small peripheral country, i.e., Cyprus. The article analyses the macro-environment and the micro-environment of the entrepreneurship policy, the entrepreneurial attitudes and activities of Cypriot entrepreneurs, and the current mix of government policy instruments. It highlights the peculiarities and problems of entrepreneurship policy owing to the small size and the 'initial conditions' of Cyprus.

Greece in the European Union: policy lessons from two decades of membership

This paper examines the first two decades of Greece’s experience as a member of the European Union (EU). In evaluating the Greek experience within the EU, we derive three fundamental policy lessons that apply both to similar small peripheral countries now entering the EU and to the EU itself in terms of facilitating their integration in a large economic area. First, small peripheral countries that enter the EU must address the structural deficiencies of their economies before entry in order to minimize the impact of increased competition after the removal of trade protection, and follow domestic policies that maintain and promote their comparative advantage within the EU. Second, the Convergence Criteria have proven to be a successful mechanism for countries with a poor historical policy record to achieve macroeconomic stability, as shown by the case of Greece. Third, common EU policies can be very helpful in facilitating structural reforms in small peripheral economies. However, these policies must be continuously evaluated and improved so that their effectiveness is maximized.

The Collapse of the National Morality and National Moral Boundaries of Small Peripheral Countries

The Collapse of the National Morality and National Moral Boundaries of Small Peripheral Countries

Understanding Relationships between Universities and SMEs in Emerging High Technology Industries The Case of Opto-Electronics

International Journal of Innovation ManagementVol. 04, No. 01, pp. 51-75 (2000) No AccessUNDERSTANDING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND SMEs IN EMERGING HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES: THE CASE OF OPTO-ELECTRONICSCHRIS HENDRY, JAMES BROWN and ROBERT DEFILLIPPICHRIS HENDRYCity University Business School, Barbican Centre, London EC2Y 8HB, UK Search for more papers by this author , JAMES BROWNCity University Business School, Barbican Centre, London EC2Y 8HB, UK Search for more papers by this author and ROBERT DEFILLIPPISuffolk University, Beacon Hill, Boston MA 02108-2770, USA Search for more papers by this author https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919600000044Cited by:16 PreviousNext AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail AbstractIt has long been recognised that the innovative and entrepreneurial capabilities of the small medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector can make an important contribution to the commercialisation of emerging technologies. In their role as centres of expertise and originators of new technical knowledge, universities are vital contributors to this process. Understanding the nature of relationships between universities and SMEs is therefore important, particularly in view of the fact that current theories on regional development suggest that concentrations of SMEs in certain regions, clustered around one or more university centres, can be effective locations for accelerating this process. As a counter to regional development theory, an alternative viewpoint is that the way emerging industries develop is affected more by the dynamics of industry life-cycles. The opto-electronics sector, which is characterised by regional clusters in the UK and USA, offers lessons for how SMEs and universities interact against a backdrop of these theories.Keywords:opto-electronicstechnology transferuniversitiesSMEs Remember to check out the Most Cited Articles! 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Hendry, J. Brown, H-D. Ganter and S. Hilland4 November 2016 | Industry and Higher Education, Vol. 15, No. 1PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION ON KNOWLEDGE GENERATION AND APPLICATION IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTSIna Drejer and Birte Holst Jørgensen Recommended Vol. 04, No. 01 Metrics History Received 3 June 1999 Revised 29 February 2000 Accepted 1 March 2000 Keywordsopto-electronicstechnology transferuniversitiesSMEsPDF download