Small Micro Enterprises Research Articles

Identifying obstacles to evaluating business intelligence in Micro-Small Apparel Enterprises: a case study in Durban, South Africa

The escalating financial burdens faced by the Small Medium and Micro Enterprise (SMME) sector necessitate a perpetual pursuit of enhanced managerial efficacy. For enhanced financial management, client relationship management and inventory control, it is necessary for businesses to utilise various technologies and methodologies. One approach involves the utilisation of business analytical technologies, such as Business Intelligence (BI). Business Intelligence (BI) serves as a valuable tool for enterprises, aiding in the examination and interpretation of data to facilitate informed decision-making processes aimed at enhancing overall business efficacy. The eThekwini region encompasses a significant presence of micro-small enterprises within the apparel manufacturing and retail sector. The primary aim of this research was to identify and analyse the many issues that hinder the evaluation of business intelligence (BI) in micro-small apparel enterprises located in Durban, a city in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. A cross-sectional quantitative study was undertaken to examine a cohort of 161 small apparel business owners. The participants were chosen through the utilisation of a judgemental sampling technique. The data was gathered through the utilisation of anonymous questionnaires. The data was analysed by utilising multiple linear regression analysis to determine the characteristics that hinder the evaluation of business intelligence (BI) in the small apparel industry. The study employs the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework as its conceptual framework. The researcher identified several obstacles that hinder the evaluation of business intelligence in micro-small textile enterprises in South Africa. These factors include perceived relative advantage, cost, organisational data environment, organizational decision-making culture, and external support. However, there are numerous governmental institutions that are intended to provide support for micro-small companies. Therefore, it is recommended that these institutions establish training initiatives aimed at educating apparel SMMEs on BI. The implementation of target-driven training has the potential to significantly contribute to the achievement of vision 2030 for fostering the growth of small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) to enhance the South African economy.

Do Financial Access, Digitalization Adoption, Innovation, and Market Orientation Influence Business Performance of Micro-Small Enterprises?

Do Financial Access, Digitalization Adoption, Innovation, and Market Orientation Influence Business Performance of Micro-Small Enterprises?

Halal Certification Perspective of Small Micro-Entrepreneurs in Pasuruan Regency

The enactment of halal product assurance regulations on small micro-enterprises requires small micro-entrepreneurs to accelerate halal certification. This situation has caused various responses in the community, especially micro, small businesses, as one of the target recipients of the Halal Product Guarantee Law regulation. This situation is a serious concern for the author to know more about halal certification in the view of small micro-entrepreneurs in Pasuruan Regency. The problem formulation in this study is 1) What is the perspective of small micro entrepreneurs on halal certification in Pasuruan Regency? 2) What are the implications of halal certification for micro-small businesses in Pasuruan Regency? The objectives of this study are 1) To understand the perspective of small micro-entrepreneurs on halal certification in Pasuruan Regency and 2) to find the implications of halal certification for small micro business businesses in Pasuruan Regency. This qualitative research uses a phenomenological approach to see and answer problems based on concrete conditions experienced by research subjects, namely small micro entrepreneurs in Pasuruan Regency. The research data was obtained from observations, interviews and documentation of small micro-entrepreneurs in Pasuruan Regency. The results showed 1) halal certification, the perspective of small micro-entrepreneurs is divided into three typologies: first, the typology of small micro-entrepreneurs who are pro with halal certification. Second, the typology of small micro-entrepreneurs who contradict halal certification. Third, a neutral typology of small micro-entrepreneurs with halal certification. 2) Implications of halal certification for small micro-entrepreneurs: First, there are implications for small micro-entrepreneurs who are pro with halal certification. Second, the implications for small micro-entrepreneurs who contradict halal certification. Third, the implications for neutral micro-small entrepreneurs with halal certification.

ANALISIS PENETAPAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI (HPP) PADA USAHA MIKRO KECIL JALANGKOTE SALAHUTU DI KOTA MAKASSAR

This study aims to: know and analyze the Determination of Cost of Goods Produced (COGS) in Jalangkote Salahutu Micro Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Makassar City. This study is based on analyzing the determination of the cost of goods produced (COGS) at UMK Jalangkote Salahutu in Makassar City whether the costs involved are in accordance with the selling price that has been set. The data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques use qualitative descriptive analysis. This technique begins with collecting the required data in the form of data and cost information and other supporting evidence, conducting interviews with business owners or owners, processing interview results, and administrative data obtained based on the analysis of the data used and calculating it with the full costing method, describing the method of determining the cost of goods produced in MSEs, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study that: (1) Cost of Goods Produced that has been carried out by researchers shows that the cost of goods produced in UMK Jalangkote Salahutu products is Rp. 2,979 in Jalangkote products, Rp. 5,338 in Spring Roll products, Rp. 5,354 in Croquette products, Rp. 5,265 in Bikang Doang products. While the selling price set by the company is Rp. 7,000. (2) Looking at the comparison between the cost of goods produced and the selling price of the product, the business owner earns a profit of Rp. 4,021 on Jalangkote products, Rp. 1,662 on Spring Roll products, Rp. 1,646 on Croquette products, Rp. 1,753 on Bikang Doang products.Keywords: Cost of Goods Produced

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan pada Usaha Mikro Kecil (Studi Kasus Usaha Roti Kacang Mpok Atik di Kota Tebing Tinggi)

This study aims to find out about the financial performance development of small micro-enterprises in a case study of peanut butter bread in a high-rise city. This research is a kind of field research. (field research). The method used is qualitative descriptive. The data collection techniques used are observations, interviews and documents. The research uses qualitative data from financial statements such as financial position reports and profit and loss reports because in this study the researchers study, analyze and draw conclusions from the financial reports of the enterprise. Based on the results of the research and analysis of the profitability ratio using the formula GPM, NPM, ROA, and ROE show that the enterprise has increased and decreased each year, the financial performance of such enterprise is assessed well in the course of the last 3 years starting from 2021-2023 If the industry average is 30% to assess the good or badness of a enterprise, then that enterprise only good in the calculation of the gross profit margin (GPM) that is above the average of the industry. In the calculation of other profitability ratios, the business of sagu flour has experienced an increase in earning profits. (in-profit). But, the average calculation results of the enterprise starting in 2021-2023 are better than in 2022.

The Culture Policy for MSME in Digital and Their Prospects

The current era of digitalization forces entrepreneurs to change their marketing strategy from direct sales to online sales, either in whole or in part. However, the transition is not easy for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises () because of the limitations of knowledge and facilities they have, so the process goes gradually. The study aims to find out the contribution of online marketing for micro-small enterprises to the resilience of enterprises during the restrictions that have lasted for two years. The study is also a policy recommendation against some digital policy directions against MSME by the Ministry of Informatics and Communications of the Republic of Indonesia. The research object is a member of ISMEA (Indonesia Small Medium Enterprises Association), which meets the business age criteria of more than 2 years, actively performs hybrid sales (online and offline), and is able to survive during that time. Research methods are carried out qualitatively through descriptive, participatory observation. In-depth interviews were conducted with informants selected using snowball techniques. The results of the research found that online marketing on MSME is carried out through independent web hosting or through marketplace or e-commerce applications available or be used simultaneously. Self-marketing has the advantage that it does not require commission fees from the other party, so the entire profit becomes the seller's. However, it also has a weakness with its limited market accessibility as it requires costs to promote the site. While marketing through the marketplace has the advantages of the wide range of the market and the limitation of the promotion of the applicator, it also has disadvantages such as commission fees for applicators and price competition with providers of similar products or services in the same application or other applications. The conclusion obtained is that MSME is more familiar with using social media compared to the marketplace, in addition to the fact that web hosting is rarely used, even though it is free. The stages providing an appearance in the application require their own skills. While the direction of the marketing digitization policy on MSME that has been running for this time has begun to form a culture of marketing digitalization for micro and small enterprises, especially the use of the application for product delivery.

Analyzing the Availability of Raw Materials for Sustainable Fisheries Processing in Micro-Small Enterprises in Kendari, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the status of raw material availability to support production activities to become a sustainable business. The analytical methods used were location quotients, standard deviation, and relative scale. Several micro and small-scale fish processing businesses in Kendari City such as smoked fish, dried fish, fish balls, somay, shredded fish, spicy anchovy sauce, seaweed chips, crab shell powder, and crab shell chips. All these products have the potential to be developed locally considering that Kendari City is the centre of the fishing industry in Southeast Sulawesi. The fishery products both capture and cultivation in Kendari can fulfill and support product development except for seaweed and crab shell-based products due to the availability of raw materials. Both raw materials must be imported from other regions such as South Konawe and Bombana districts. This study found that the types of fish most widely used in fish processing businesses are kite, skipjack, and tuna. Three statuses of sustainable availability were identified, namely fulfilled, moderately fulfilled, and less fulfilled. There are three categories of sustainable availability status depending on the fishery product business developed: first, fulfilled mainly for smoked fish, fish balls-somay, and shredded fish; second, less fulfilled for dried fish and spicy anchovy sambal; and finally, less fulfilled mainly for seaweed chips and crab shell powder and chips.

Micro Small Industries Performance Improvement: Analysis of the KUR Program

MSMEs contribute 61.07% to Indonesia's GDP, but over 40% face capital problems. Kredit Usaha Rakyat, or People’s Business Credit (KUR), is a government program to solve that by giving subsidies through financial institutions to strengthen MSME’s capital. Since 2015, the processing industry sector has been a priority sector of the KUR program, with KUR's realization target Micro Small Industries (MSI) is 40%, and the target continues to rise to 60% in 2019. This study analyzes the KUR program's impact on MSI performance in Indonesia. This study uses secondary cross-section data from the MSI survey of Badan Pusat Statistik or Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) from 2014, 2015, and 2019 with Pooled Least Square (PLS) analysis method. The estimation results show that MSI who access the KUR program have a higher average income of 45% compared to MSI who do not access the KUR program. This means the KUR program significantly positively affects increasing MSI income in Indonesia. The results of the sub-sample analysis show that the income of the industrial sub-sectors, such as tobacco, paper, rubber, plastics, machinery, and equipment, are positively significantly affected by the KUR program, and the others, such as printing and recording media industry, base metals, computers, electrical equipment, electronic goods, motor vehicles, other transportation equipment, and repair services, installation of machinery and equipment are not significantly affected. Thus, the government should continue the KUR program, especially for the positively affected processing industry and sub-sector, to improve the performance of micro-small enterprises and industries in Indonesia.

Improving environmental, occupational health and safety for small and micro-small enterprises in a mechanical craft village, outside of Hanoi, Vietnam

Improving environmental, occupational health and safety for small and micro-small enterprises in a mechanical craft village, outside of Hanoi, Vietnam

Pengaruh Knowledge Dan Skill Terhadap Kinerja Melalui Kompetensi Kewirausahaan

Micro, small enterprises (MSME) are businesses or industries that are supported by individual skills, creativity and abilities. Industry or business creates an item or product by utilizing a creativity and the talents of each individual. This study aims to determine the influence of Knowledge, Skills on business performance through entrepreneurial competence. This type of research is Quantitative research. The population in this study is the owner of MSME of Pasuruan Regency's superior products, the sample of this study is 1 16 Respondents The source of data in this study is the primary data source. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. The data analysis tool used is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPPS 22 Software. The results of this study show (1). Knowledge has a significant effect on business performance. (2). Knowledge has a significant effect on entrepreneurial competence (3). Skills have a significant effect on business performance. (4). Skills have a significant effecton entrepreneurial competence. (5). Entrepreneurial competence has a significant effect on performance. (6). Knowledge has a significant effect on business performance through the competence of the entrepreneur. (7). Skills have a significant effect on performance through entrepreneurial competence.

Digital literacy and survival mechanism of micro-small enterprises in practicing sharing economy

Digital literacy and survival mechanism of micro-small enterprises in practicing sharing economy

Pendampingan Penyusunan Business Plan bagi Pelaku Industri Kue Karasa di Kecamatan Cempa Kabupaten Pinrang

Small Micro Enterprises (SMEs) significantly contribute to the national economy, especially home industries. However, many business people still need to have a written business plan. This training activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of Karasa cake industry players in making business plans. The target of the activity is the Karasa cake industry players who are members of the Karasa industrial center in Cempa District, Pinrang Regency. The training is delivered using participatory methods such as lectures, interactive discussions, and assistance in preparing business plan proposals. The pre-test and post-test measured participants' understanding of the business plan. The results of the training achieved were that the output of this activity was to provide knowledge for home industry players to develop the Karasa cake business by entering a broader market, and the outcome of this activity was that the Karasa cake industry had skills in making business planning proposals.

PROSPECTIVE MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES (MSES) IN BALIKPAPAN

The background of Micro Small Enterprises (MSEs) is currently contracting. Not yet recovered from the devastating Covid-19 pandemic, most business units have almost closed. Entering 2022, business actors are faced with a situation of uncertainty due to the war between Russia and Ukraine has not yet been resolved. Business climate conditions are increasingly shocking, overshadowed by the global economic recession in 2023. Some local MSE actors take it seriously, but some are normal. The objectives of the study (1) describe the perspective aspects of organizing micro and small enterprises (MSEs), (2) present the position of MSEs in Balikpapan to welcome the development of the Capital City of the Archipelago (IKN) (3) Reveal the strategy of MSEs to welcome the development of IKN. This qualitative discretive research took the MSE segment in Balikpapan. Samples of 6 types of businesses (1) Restaurant, (2) Café, (3) Beverage, (4) Hydroponics, (5) Seafood, (6) Tofu and Tempeh Industry. Data collection using observation, structured interviews, data collection assisted by 5 groups by conducting internships for 7 days. The position of the researcher as supervisor 1 and 2. The results of the study achieved very good category scores (81-100) (1) Hydroponics and Seafood 97 Percent (2) Restaurants and Cafes 93 percent (3) Beverages 95 Percent and Tofu Tempeh 90 Percent. There are 11 indicators, namely (1) Character of business actors (2) Business planning, (3) Market and marketing, (4) Production operations, (5) Business location, (6) Organization management, (7) Marketing mix, (8) Business competition, (9) Market confidence, (10) Financial management and (11) Business feasibility. The conclusion of the study to six Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) business units in Balikpapan has very good prospects, the lowest achievement score of 90 percent and the highest of 97 percent.

The Impact of Special Allocation Funds (SAF) on The Development Micro Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Indonesia

Micro Small Enterprises (MSEs) have an essential role in increasing the capacity of the national economy, contributing to employment, and increasing people's income. However, MSEs need help with significant problems, namely access to finance and capital, technology in the production process, human resource capacity, and marketing. This study aims to explore empirically related to the impact of the flow of Special Allocation Funds (SAF) on the development of micro and small enterprises in Indonesia. The research objectives covered 32 provinces. The data used secondary data collected from 3 (three) sources, consisting of the data on the value of SAF obtained from The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, the data on the number MSEs received from the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia, and the data of GRDP, number of population obtained of Central Bureau of Statistics. This research is a quantitative approach. The Method of analysis used the econometric model, namely the panel regression model, which is a regression that combines time series data (t = 7) and cross-section (i = 32) of the Specification model using the Chow and Hausman test. Based on the fixed effect model (FEM) showed that SAF from the central government to regional governments can significantly develop MSEs in Indonesia. Implies that the programs/activities proposed by the Local Government with SAF funding significantly increase MSEs. Therefore monitoring and evaluation of programs that use SAF funding to improve MSEs must be carried out so that the role of MSEs is getting higher in national/regional development.

The Role of Innovative Behavior, E-Commerce Literacy, and Resilience Attitude on the Performance of Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon City

The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of innovative behavior, e-commerce literacy, and resilience attitude on the performance of Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon City. This research is a quantitative research with a correlational approach. The population in this research is the perpetrators of Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon. Based on data for 2021 the Office of Cooperatives and Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon, the number of Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon is 6,546. The sampling technique in this study is by using a proportionate random sampling technique, with a sample size of 160 people. The analysis technique uses structural equation modeling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS) through SmartPLS software. The results of the study show that innovative behavior has a significant effect on e-commerce literacy of Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon City. Innovative behavior has a significant effect on resilience attitude of Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon City. Innovative behavior has a significant effect on the performance of Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon City. E-commerce literacy has a significant effect on the performance of Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon City. Resilience attitude has a significant effect on the performance of Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon City. Innovative behavior has a significant effect on the performance of Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon City through the mediation of e-commerce literacy. Innovative behavior has a significant effect on the performance of Micro-Small Enterprises in Cilegon City through the mediation of resilience attitude. Keywords: Innovative Behavior, E-Commerce Literacy, Resilience Attitude, Performance

Analysis of COVID-19's Effects on China's Catering Industry and the Optimization of Marketing Strategies

The repeated outbreak in 2022, economic ups and downs, and weak consumer spending under multiple adverse factors, such as the food and beverage industry, is a big blow: raw materials and artificial cost rise, traffic fell 90%, mass unsubscribe accommodation, wedding banquet, conference, rapid eat-in downturn hit, and many other factors, lead to food and beverage business difficulties, make a lot of food is especially difficult. The outbreak of a new type of coronavirus pneumonia significantly influenced the world’s economy. Small micro-enterprises, as the main mode of operation of the catering enterprises, have experienced four months of winter. They are faced with less income online operation, the effect not beautiful, supply chain difficulties, and many problems such as shortage of cash flow. Hence, If catering businesses don't actively work to strengthen their crisis management skills, they'll suffer substantial losses that could even disrupt their regular business operations. So it is a very important topic to study the current situation of the catering industry.

Peningkatan Kualitas Produk UKM “Peyek Bunder” Melalui Introduksi Teknologi Tepat Guna Spinner

This community service activity aims to improve the quality of Peyek Bunder by introducing a spinner in the production process of small micro enterprises (SMEs) partnered with "Peyek Bunder". The method of implementing this community service includes socialization, introduction, and mentoring. The evaluation instrument of this activity uses the before and after comparison method and the evaluation is analyzed descriptively. The results of service activities in partner SMEs show that the quality of Peyek Bunder has increased. The oil content in Peyek Bunder has decreased, which can be seen from the condition at the bottom of the packaging that there is no oil seepage. This condition is due to a better draining process as it uses appropriate technology, namely the spinner. The draining process with a spinner takes about twenty minutes minutes for a capacity of 2 kilograms of Peyek Bunder. The results obtained are crisper and the durability is one month longer than without using a spinner.

Analysis of Financial Management in MSEs: Planning, Controlling, Recording (Study at Selorejo Tourism Area, Malang Regency, Indonesia)

This study aims to analyze financial planning, control, and recording carried out by Micro Small Enterprises (MSEs) in the culinary field in Selorejo Tourism Area, Malang Regency, Indonesia. The research approach used is descriptive quantitative with the aim of describing the implementation of financial planning and control carried out by business actors. To clarify and explore the application of financial planning and control carried out by business actors, the researchers complemented it with a qualitative approach. The analysis was conducted on business owners who are also business managers. Data was collected by means of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Descriptive analysis is used to obtain data on the implementation of planning and control of small micro-financing handling carried businessmen. The results obtained were explored further based on the results of interviews from several respondents to get a more complete and detailed picture. The results showed that the most financial planning was carried out by business actors, namely 74%, the application of control was 58%, and the lowest was an application of recording business transactions, 33.5%. The most widely applied planning indicator is the preparation of an investment budget, while the setting of sales targets is the least applied. The most applied control indicator is physical and direct financial control, especially the separation of personal money from business money. Control by using records of business transactions historically is still very low, only limited to records of purchases and sales. Meanwhile, recording activities are carried out on a non-routine basis. The implementation of planning and control through business financial records is still low due to the lack of understanding of business actors about recording financial transactions and reporting results of operations and their benefits. The indication of this lack of understanding is shown by the educational background of most business actors who have graduated from elementary and junior high schools.

Assessing the Viability of a Small Micro-Enterprise of an Urban Farming Group in Bausasran Village, Yogyakarta, in Developing a Vegetable-based Noodle Products

Gemah Ripah Farmer Group, located in Bausasran Village, Danurejan District, Yogyakarta City, is one of the small farmer groups that have successfully practiced urban farming. The group grows vegetables and fruits. The harvest is then sold directly to consumers or distributors. To increase the economic value, the group plans to start a small micro-scale dry noodle product business by utilizing their cultivation results. In business planning, an economic feasibility analysis is required. This study aims to determine the business feasibility with the indicators of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Added value analysis with Hayami Method. This study simulates two business scenarios for dry noodle production, namely own production and third-party production with three variables of production capacity analyzed, namely 760, 950, and 1140 units/month. The results of this study show that self production scenario with a production capacity of 1140 pieces/month produces a higher level of feasibility with a value of NPV, IRR and payback period of IDR 42,038,344, 59% and 1.88 years respectively. Value-added analysis provides added value in the self-production scenario of IDR 55,527/kg at the production rate of 1140 units/month.

SPIRAL CYCLE MICRO-HYDRO COMMUNITY SYSTEM MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Indonesia is committed to innovating and making breakthroughs in micro- hydro energy development. However, the problem is the lack of multi-stakeholder roles, especially local communities in its development, causing the poor operation of micro- hydropower plants. This research aims to apply the Spiral Cycle Micro-hydro Community System (SCMCS) Model through an eight-stage cycle process for the development of the Kedungrong micro-hydro power plant (MHPP) in Yogyakarta. The methods used are a qualitative approach, collecting data in the form of field observations, in-depth interviews and forum group discussion. The results and new findings indicate that SCMCS requires at least four cycles to be useful and sustainable. First is enhancing institutional, social and environmental aspects. Second is enhancing the technical aspects. Third involves improving the economic aspects. Fourth is optimizing the use of micro-hydro energy for micro-small enterprises. This model has successfully developed and preserved the MHPP project through integrated multi-stakeholder community participation in rural areas.