Small Merchants Research Articles

Efisiensi Pemasaran Bawang Merah di Desa Selopamioro, Kecamatan Imogiri Kabupaten Bantul, DIY

This research was conducted at Selopamioro village, Imogiri county, Bantul district. The tedious shallot marketing chain and a big difference in price affected by the marketers resulted in the farmers being left with dissatisfied prices. The purpose of this research is to understand the marketing pattern (channel), the price difference (margin) the efficiency of the marketing system and farmer’s share. The research volunteers of farmers and merchants surveyed with the snowball sampling method consisted of 25 farmers, 3 collectors, 3 wholesalers, and 3 small merchants. The marketing channel was discussed descriptively, meanwhile, the price difference (margin) and the marketing efficiency were explained quantitatively and supported by data and equations. The result showed that Selopamioro village used 2 different channels to market the shallot harvest which are, 1st channel: Farmers – Collectors – Wholesalers – Small Merchants – Consumers; and 2nd channel: Farmers – Collectors – Wholesalers – Consumers. The marketing efficiency in the village has proven to be “efficient”, where the highest efficiency comes from the 2nd channel with 2,84% compared 1st channel with 2,92%. The price difference (margin) on the 1st channel costs 21.500 Rp/Kg, while the 2nd channel costs 16.500 Rp/Kg. The score of Farmer's sharehas been “efficient” with the score of 1st channel is 48,81% and 2nd channel is 55,41%.

Decoding Retail Realities: Traditional Retailers' Outlook on Sales Erosion to Modern Retail Economy

The traditional retail landscape in Indian metropolises has changed significantly in the last several decades, mostly due to the modern retail economy's growth, including corporate chain stores and e-commerce sites. Small merchants have been gradually displaced as a result of this paradigm shift, which has been exacerbated by changed Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) laws that have brought significant money into the Indian market, as well as a rise in consumer disposable income and the wave of digitalization. This study explores small merchants' consequences as they contend with the growing power of organized retail and e-commerce behemoths. Despite earlier research studies mostly focusing on the organized trade's exponential rise due to changing customer behavior, this paper fills this gap by illuminating the traditional retailer’s perspective towards the contemporary retail landscape and highlighting the threats to small businesses with a traditional focus. The study uses empirical analysis using tools like SPSS and SEM models to examine the initial troubles faced by small retailers of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), highlighting the difficulties they face in competing with the powerful forces of deep discounting, massive sales events, and evolving consumer tastes. This exploratory research analyzed the undermining factors like utilitarian and hedonic, purchasing patterns, menaces, hindrances, pecuniary and location as reasons for the retail paradigm from traditional to modern trade. The outcome emphasized that utilitarian factors like ambience, experience, status, variety, payment modes, single-store distribution and assortment are the drivers behind the explosion of traditional trade by the modern trade in retail economy.

Resistance to O2O technology platform adoption among small retailers: The influence of visibility and discoverability

Research on Online-to-offline (O2O) platforms is witnessing significant growth. However, the actual utilization of O2O platforms by small retailers is still in its early stages. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that lead to small merchants' reluctance to O2O platforms as well as the impact of the platform's visibility and discoverability on the retailer's usage intention. To achieve this, the study utilized innovation resistance theory (IRT) with three novel constructs: perceived vulnerability to privacy, information smog and inertia to formulate the conceptual model. To evaluate the conceptual model, the study used data from 409 small retailers using a single cross-sectional approach. The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling, and the results of the study revealed that the most significant factor leading to resistance towards O2O platforms' attractiveness and usage intention was the usage barrier, followed by the Image barrier, perceived vulnerability to privacy, and Inertia. However, the study did not find statistically significant evidence for the value barrier and information smog. Further findings showed that visibility and discoverability moderate the relationship between O2O platform attractiveness and usage intentions. Overall, the study enriches the academic literature on O2O platforms, especially regarding resistances, visibility, and discoverability, addressing a significant gap in the context of small retailers in India.

Exploring the Investment Behaviour of Petty Traders in Sunyani Municipality

Purpose: The primary goals of the study are to assess the level of awareness among small merchants in Sunyani Municipality regarding investment prospects, the sources of investment information, and the impact of demographic characteristics.
 Methodology: Questionnaires were employed in gathering data for the study, which was based on the quantitative research approach. Using Slovin's sample size computation, a sample size of 396 respondents was selected for the investigation.
 Findings: The results revealed that the majority of small traders were aware of prospective investment alternatives such as real estate, government bonds, bank deposits, life insurance, mutual funds, and stocks and shares. It was discovered that the traders had access to two information sources: the formal and informal sectors. The survey discovered that friends and family serve as the key informal sources of information. Regarding the formal sector, it is disclosed that radio and television served as their sources of investment-related information. Also, the degree of awareness regarding investment opportunities was influenced by gender, age, and household size. The findings indicate that among the investment avenues available to traders, gold and other minerals are not well-known by traders.
 Unique contributor to theory, policy and practice: Therefore, it is recommended that programs and talk shows are organized for people to be aware of these avenues. Policymakers should prioritize programs focused on enhancing the financial inclusion of petty traders by improving the accessibility of formal financial services such as savings accounts, credit facilities, and insurance products. The research findings could potentially aid in improving financial inclusion for small-scale traders, informing local government policies that support them, providing valuable market intelligence for businesses targeting this demographic, and contributing to academic knowledge in the fields of economics, finance, and development studies.

Adoption of Digital Payment Systems by Small Merchants: an Extension of Technology acceptance Model

Adoption of Digital Payment Systems by Small Merchants: an Extension of Technology acceptance Model

Analysis of The Parenting Method used by Working Parents in Shaping Children's Personality

The objective of this study is to determine the type of career parenting and its impact on the development of children's personalities. The descriptive phenomology method is used in this study. The study was conducted out in Sibolga City, Hutabarangan Village, and Sibolga Julu. Three youngsters aged 12 to 14 years old, as well as their parents, participated in the study. Unstructured interviews and observations are used to acquire data. The data analysis method employed is qualitative descriptive data analysis. According to the findings of this study, the parenting style of career parents has a substantial impact on the personalities of their children. A qualitative investigation of three parents who worked as small merchants, restaurant employees, and factory workers revealed disparities in parenting approaches, namely democratic and permissive. In this instance, it is critical for working parents with limited time to find methods to be actively involved in their children's life. For example, regular communication, listening to children's feelings, and spending quality time together can all help.

A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF E-WALLET ADOPTION AMONG SMALL-SIZED MUSLIM MERCHANTS: AN APPLICATION AND EXTENSION OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL

The use of wallets is increasing rapidly, especially during the covid-19 pandemic due to movement control orders. E-wallets is a favourable choice of e-money transfer among younger and tech-savvy people and those who are at an advanced level in their lives influenced by the internet. Current research trends on e-wallet adoption emphasized on the customer side but dearth of academic work on merchant’s perspective. From literature, there is no thorough framework for e-wallet adoption. It is also worthy to highlight that the adoption rate amongst small merchants especially among Muslims is still low compared to numbers of established small business. The factors that influence the use of e-wallets among merchant users may differ from customer users due to the different purposes of using e-wallets. Furthermore, there is another religious factor, which is related to Islamic principles that are exclusively for Muslims where this might influence Muslim’s decision in adopting e-wallet. Thus, it is essential to address this issue since small-sized Muslim merchants representing the majority businesses in Malaysia. Their adoption of e-wallets will contribute to the world aim in achieving a cashless society. This study proposes a conceptual framework grounded from Technology Acceptance Model with extensions of other variables such as trust, technology efficacy, government support, and structural assurance as to explore the factors that influence merchants e-wallet adoption. This paper has made an initial effort to propose a comprehensive theoretical framework as a basis for a future research agenda. This also calls for empirical testing on the suggested variables in the context of small-sized Muslim merchants.

The Carolingian cocio: on the vocabulary of the early medieval petty merchant

The word cocio (i.e. petty merchant or broker in classical Latin) was a rare term that after a long absence in written Latin reappeared in several Carolingian texts. Scholars have posited a medieval semantic shift from ‘merchant’ to ‘vagabond’. But this article argues that this consensus is erroneous. The Carolingian cocio continued to refer to petty commercial agents, that is, to small merchants. Furthermore, the term’s appearance in capitularies and its subsequent medieval vernacular afterlife together suggest that the term was borrowed from (unattested) proto‐Romance usage. A corrected history of the early medieval use of cocio illuminates the relationship between spoken and written Latin as well as aspects of social, religious, and economic history in the Carolingian period, and speaks to the promise of language to shed light on economic realities.

Sales Prediction of Big Mart based on Linear Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting

With rapid development of machine learning and data science approaches, many retailers are employing sales prediction to aid in strategy formulation and profit growth. However, it is challenging for some small merchants to access vast volumes of data for analysis. This paper investigates the viability of predict sales in a small-scale retail supermarket, and evaluates the performance of linear regression, random forest, and gradient boosting method in the corresponding limited dataset. The selected metrics for analysis are RMSE, MAE, and R2 score. Experiment results indicate that the linear regression model has a relatively large error and suffers from underfitting. The two decision-tree based models, random forest, and gradient boosting, perform similarly, with gradient boosting model outperforms by a small margin. This study illustrates that it is feasible to perform sales forecasting by machine learning techniques on a small collection of data. It also identifies the issues in this process and suggests potential fixed, giving small retailers a guideline for making effective sales predictions.

IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI E-WALLET UNTUK UMKM MENGGUNAKAN METODE AGILE DENGAN QR CODE PADA TENSORFLOW BERBASIS ANDROID

Receh is designed to make learning easier for those who have trouble learning applications that are too complex to use. The author is ready to help small merchants who want to integrate digital payments. To introduce this project, first of all we were worried about the reduced cash payments and switched to E-wallet since the COVID-19 pandemic. The reason the author made this application is to make it easier for those who have difficulty learning applications that are too complex to be very simple and easy to use. Some target markets need the solutions provided by the author. According to the data, internet usage will increase from year to year. The author provides a solution that makes it easy for customers to use E-wallet as the primary payment method for their applications. The method used in the E-wallet application is the Agile Method because this method prioritizes the advantages of technical features when implementing the software. For the implementation here I use a QR code scanner as its main function because it is simple and practical. Scan can encode QR Code from any side or any position. This model is then used in Android Studio to build mobile applications using the Kotlin programming language. For cloud computing, first, research the service or backend required by the application. Second, create a private API using node.js. Finally, implement APIs built for online compute engines.

Open Network for Digital Commerce -ONDC (E-Commerce) Infrastructure: To Promote SME/ MSME Sector for Inclusive and Sustainable Digital Economic growth

Purpose: Digital India, Make in India opened new avenues of innovation to promote the digital economy, the government of India in association with the department for the promotion of industry and internal trade launched ONDC the open source e-commerce ecosystem infrastructure similar to UPI. It is one of 17 sustainable Development Goals to promote innovation, infrastructure, Decent work in e-commerce and decentralization and democratisation. The e-commerce in SME and MSME business sectors to adapt B2B, B2C, C2C, and M-commerce across the segment such as mobility, grocery, food order, delivery hotel booking travel, with a partnership with customers, suppliers, distributors, warehouse, logistics, payments with the support by the government policy on FDI, PE/VC in e-commerce with API infrastructure, and Consumer Protection Bill 2018 regulate the online transactions by including the e-commerce sector. The worth of the e-commerce market in India is US$200 billion by 2026 led by Walmart, Flipkart, and Amazon market share of 31.9%, 31.2% in India and social commerce market share is $800 and mobile phones. Internet penetration drives the opportunity to develop network-based open protocol e-commerce appsto have scope for wider reach and support micro, small, and medium enterprises get into the online platform for small merchants as well as consumers of urban, semi-urban, and rural areas and it leads to a bank to introduce digitally product based lending improve the flow of credit to SMEs. The Aatmanirbhar Bharat movement gave a huge opportunity to Indian entrepreneurs to contribute to GDP by providing E-commerce credit to customers and bringing more inclusiveness, and sustainability to the consumer digital economy. Design/Methodology/Approach: The Descriptive study and secondary data are collected from relevant and government websites to analyse the result and ABCD Listing Framework. Findings/Result: Contribution of ONDC and other players of e-commerce towards the inclusive and economic growth of the country. The data shows that E-commerce start-ups have raised VC&PE funding for technology adoption, BNLP, B2B, and open network technology provide a huge opportunity backed by the Digital India revolution. Research limitations/implication: First hand data of ONDC and other player’s information is not taken for the study. Social implications: It is E-Commerce digital tool to integrate small traders with integrate small traders with integration of all apps Big tech for more sustainable in incomes, business expansion, employment, economic growth. It is designed to provide equal opportunity to small retailers and merchants in the e-commerce market alongside big players like Amazon and Flipkart. Originality/ Value: To Promote SME/ MSME Sector for Inclusive and Sustainable Digital Economic growth, it is important to know the ONDC infrastructure. Paper Type: Conceptual and Empirical.

1920년대 말~1930년대 초 대공황기 식민지 조선 상인의 경제위기와 대응

Due to the Great Depression, Japan pushed ahead with fiscal austerity and industrial rationalization, and a lot of small merchants in colony Chosun failed to be protected politically and went broke. Especially, it was the problem that Japanese merchants enjoyed convenience benefited by enormous capital and political support and snatched away Chosun people’s commercial supremacy.BR Coping with the economic crisis, the merchants held commercial meetings, asked for the installation of financial agencies for retailers, or engaged in movements to lower the rent in commercial associations. And there was a movement to organize separate chambers of commerce for Chosun people in order to advance the commerce for Chosun people by placing endeavors for joint purchase and consistent market price to maintain the status quo of small merchants. However, most chambers of commerce were organized by both merchants of Chosun people and Japanese that such a plan did not pan out as purported.

Depredación tecnológica y creación de una élite: la respuesta mallorquina a la situación naviera hispana del siglo XVII

This paper studies the Majorcan shipping fleet renovation using privateering to incorporate ships by force for an approximation to the naval technological frontier. Corsair predation provided the ships required for this process. The development of a small merchant and corsair fleet benefited also from the reinvestments of certain seafarers and merchants in shipowning, after observing the business opportunities that the war created.

A Cost Efficient Contactless IoT based Body Temperature Detection System

In the recent outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, various methods has been adopted to prevent and control the wide spread of pandemic. One of the commonly used method is by detecting the body temperature. This is to isolate those obtained higher body temperature who are possibly infected with the virus. Body temperature detection device is commonly deployed at the entrance of merchants for this purpose. However if one person is detected in one merchant with higher body temperature, this information is not bundled with his/her identity information. Therefore his/her entranced to other merchants are not linked and warned, and causing a possible spread of pandemic if other customers who appeared in the same premises are not being notified. In this work, an IoT based body temperature detection system is developed. In this system, the body temperature data is obtained and sent to the internet cloud together with the identity information of that person. This allow easy tracking of the potential virus infected person. The collected data can be further analysed using online analysis tool. Furthermore, the identity information is obtained using QR code which eliminate the ordinary procedure of writing personal data into logbook. The QR code method is contactless and able to avoid the infection of virus through the contact of pen and logbook. This system is developed with low-cost material and is affordable for small merchants.

고려 무신집권기 유통경제의 성격

The period of Military Rule in Goryeo is the period when various aspects of the distribution economy in the late Goryeo period appear. In the period of Military Rule, public power was relaxed in various fields including politics. The appearance of public power relaxation appears as paralysis of Gyongsiseo’s function, embezzlement of officials, bribery, and the gambling of the bandits. The private distribution economy, which was maintained under the control of public power, was activated in the relaxation of public power. The development of private distribution economy led to various illegal activities by the power class in conjunction with the relaxation of public power. In the era of the Military Rule, the powerful actively participated in the private distribution economy. They sold the products of the large farm, or adjusted the merchants behind the scenes, participating in domestic commercial activities, and securing the necessary luxury goods through foreign trade. On the other hand, in the period of the Military Rule, a new form of gift receipt emerged among bureaucrats as a complementary method of distribution economy. The private distribution area centered on the ruling class spread more in the late Goryeo period, as the state’s control over the distribution economy has fallen from the Military Rule. The state also actively participated in the trend of development of private distribution area. In the late Goryeo period, privately owned permanent stores increased in the situation of increasing investment and monopoly on commercial activities of privileged forces. The growth of merchants was also remarkable in the development of the distribution economy. The wealthy merchant of the late Goryeo period grew through activities as agents of the ruling class, private connection with the ruling class, or independent economic activities. On the other hand, the development of the distribution economy has led to the differentiation of merchants, and the activities of small merchants as well as the wealthy merchant have gradually increased.

Exploring the cultural dimension of technological behaviour in the Indian context

Digital storm which has taken the world has changed the way organisations function. It has brought in a huge change in the way organisations sell and transact. In case of India major change in the e-payment started after demonetization (change of national currency) happened. It is when people were forced to transact through cashless methods in shortage of cash. First time small merchants did business through cashless methods. Though, small merchants still avoid digital methods and prefer cash transaction. Present study was done to understand the factors which influence the behavioural intention of small merchants for adopting cashless methods. The UTAUT (Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology) model was used. It was also to find whether the model can be applied in the Indian context.The study found that the independent factors of social influence, perceived value, trust did not impact the behaviour intention of small merchants. Though these factors are quite relevant in the Indian cultural context. Thus, the UTAUT model was not found quite suitable to study the behavioural intention of the small merchants in the Indian markets.

Factors related to decisions of farmers victims of the eruption choosing temporary work as an effort for sustainability of livelihoods in refugee locations (case: refugee farmers victim of the Mount Sinabung eruption from Guru Kinayan, Gamber, Kuta Tonggal and Beras Tepu Village, Karo Regency)

This study was carried out with the aim of identifying the type of temporary work chosen by the eruption victim farmers as an effort for sustainability of livelihoods in refugee locations, analysing various factors related to the decision of the eruption victim farmer to choose temporary work during the evacuation, and comparing the family income of the eruption victim farmer after with before evacuating. The sample size was determined using the Slovin method so that a total sample of 63 farmers was obtained. Sampling was done by simple random sampling method. To examine factors related to the decision of eruption victim farmer to choose the type of temporary work, the Chi Square Method was used. Results of the research are the type of temporary work for the eruption victim farmers during the evacuation are farm workers, farmers and non-agricultural workers (i.e. construction workers, drivers, small merchants); socio-economic factors related to the decision of farmers to choose the type of temporary work during the evacuation are additional skills, family dependent, intensity of attending traditional events, and temporary farmer’s residence status; there a significant decrease in the income of the families of eruption victim farmer between after and before evacuating.

Expansión Urbana de La Habana: El Cerro 1925–1960

Urban Expansion of Havana: El Cerro 1925–1960 As part of the valuable urban history of Havana in the 20th century, the territory of El Cerro treasures a mixed urban fabric, with developments and layouts from different historical periods. With the advance of the century, it progressively extended its paths beyond its historic nucleus, with urbanisations of diverse character that welcomed from proletarian groups to small merchants and a thriving middle class of professionals. However, these areas have not been sufficiently studied, so their values ​​are unknown and increase their vulnerability to inappropriate actions that endanger their identity. The research set out to document this urban development experienced between 1925 and 1960 from the analysis of archival documentary sources supplemented with fieldwork. The results show a wide and diverse universe of urban networks that left an important mark on the expansion and consolidation of the city, as part of Cuban cultural history.

E-commerce now Big Commerce: E-commerce Industry and Consumer Internet Sector & its Effect on the World Today

Abstract: The Covid19 pandemic has made a huge impact on the ecommerce industry. The industry has experienced some benefits and problems during the pandemic. People tend to buy more items online as it can be more secure when it comes to the spread of disease. The repocommerce industry is having an increased sales growth. Many methods and techniques are being used by the e rts are saying that overall ecommerce industry to make Covid19 pandemic. This sup the negative impacts that happened to online business during the study is done to deeply analyse the problems and factors that are affecting the Online businesses and to know about the situations of ecommerce business in different parts of the world.The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the Indian economy, which saw one of the largest lockdowns globally. The Indian internet economy, which was one of the most attractive markets worldwide, saw a 90% decline in April 2020, crippled by the shutdowns.1The decline was a result of steep falls in business for e-commerce and travel, the largest sectors in the internet ecosystem. However, the pandemic helped accelerate growth for segments such as hyperlocal delivery, edtech, healthtechand online payments as Indian consumers moved online to fulfil their daily needs. Despite a steep GMV fall in the initial months of the lockdown, India’s internet economy is likely to be a net beneficiary in longer run, driven by multi-fold increase in digital interactions and adoption of digital platforms. The number of first time online users has witnessed an increase across segments, along with an increase in online activity from tier 2 and tier 3 cities, which indicates a strong opportunity for enterprises and start-ups to cater to these cohorts digitally as the new normal. What is also expected to drive growth for digitally native start-ups is rising adoption by small and medium businesses in the country. Small merchants across cities are now adopting mobile channels, implementing online payments and exploring collaborations with technologydriven start-ups. Keywords: Ecommerce, Eshops, Covid19, Lockdowns, etc.

Why do micro and small merchants use mobile payment systems? A grounded theory study in China

PurposeThis study aims to reveal the decision-making process that micro and small merchants (MSMs) may go through when deciding on the mobile payment system (MPS) adoption and usage and explore how relevant factors may impact this process.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the grounded theory approach. Specifically, this paper conducts individual, semi-structured interviews with MSMs in China. Each interview was focused on an MSM’s decisions on initial adoption and continued use of MPSs. The paper then coded the interviews to derive conceptual categories and integrated the categories to form a cohesive framework to explain how MSMs make decisions on MPS adoption and usage.FindingsMSMs make decisions on MPS adoption and usage in three phases: first, due to variations in social and economic surroundings, some merchants develop intentions to adopt MPSs, whereas others do not. Second, merchants developing adoption intentions in phase one have to select which MPS brands to adopt and then begin using them. The brand value affects their selection. Finally, the use of MPSs of their initial choice has consequences for business operations. Merchants with different levels of personal innovativeness evaluate the consequences differently. Satisfied merchants continue using the initial MPSs, while dissatisfied merchants switch to other brands.Originality/valueThe findings first give a more complete depiction of how MSMs make MPS adoption and usage decisions; second show that MSMs’ MPS adoption intention is solely influenced by pro-mobile-payment surroundings and explain what constitutes pro-mobile-payment surroundings and through what mechanisms the surroundings influence adoption intentions; third reveals that selecting which MPS brand to adopt is an important decision phase; fourth explain both why merchants may continue using MPSs and why they may switch from one MPS brand to another.