Small Lens Research Articles

Intraocular robotic interventional surgical system (IRISS): Semi-automated OCT-guided cataract removal.

With the development of laser-assisted platforms, the outcomes of cataract surgery have been improved by automating several procedures. The cataract-extraction step continues to be manually performed, but due to deficiencies in sensing capabilities, surgical complications such as posterior capsule rupture and incomplete cataract removal remain. An optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is integrated into our intraocular robotic interventional surgical system (IRISS) robot. The OCT images are used for preoperative planning and intraoperative intervention in a series of automated procedures. Real-time intervention allows surgeons to evaluate the progress and override the operation. The developed system was validated by performing lens extraction on 30 postmortem pig eyes. Complete lens extraction was achieved on 25 eyes, and "almost complete" extraction was achieved on the remainder due to an inability to image small lens particles behind the iris. No capsule rupture was found. The IRISS successfully demonstrated semiautomated OCT-guided lens removal with real-time supervision and intervention.

Polarization-dependent liquid crystalline polymeric lens array with aberration-improved aspherical curvature for low 3D crosstalk in 2D/3D switchable mobile multi-view display.

We demonstrated a 2D/3D switchable mobile display using a polarization-dependent switching liquid crystalline polymeric (LCP) lens array film. In spite of short viewing distance and enough viewing window conditions provided by a small f-number lens for mobile displays, the 3D images when switched to the multi-view 3D mode showed a low crosstalk property owing to the improved lens aberration, as applying an aspherical lens curvature interface between the planar-convex LCP layer and the concave-planar isotropic polymer layer. Both 2D and 3D images were demonstrated based on a 5.5-inch quad high definition mobile display panel, where the binocular crosstalk of the 3D mode was 3.3%.

Maternal genetic effects in Astyanax cavefish development

The role of maternal factors in the evolution of development is poorly understood. Here we describe the use of reciprocal hybridization between the surface dwelling (surface fish, SF) and cave dwelling (cavefish, CF) morphs of the teleost Astyanax mexicanus to investigate the roles of maternal genetic effects in cavefish development. Reciprocal hybridization, a procedure in which F1 hybrids are generated by fertilizing SF eggs with CF sperm (SF × CF hybrids) and CF eggs with SF sperm (CF × SF hybrids), revealed that the CF degenerative eye phenotype showed maternal genetic effects. The eyes of CF × SF hybrids resembled the degenerate eyes of CF in showing ventral reduction of the retina and corresponding displacement of the lens within the optic cup, a smaller lens and eyeball, more lens apoptosis, a smaller cartilaginous sclera, and lens-specific gene expression characteristics compared to SF × CF hybrids, which showed eye and lens gene expression phenotypes resembling SF. In contrast, reciprocal hybridization failed to support roles for maternal genetic effects in the CF regressive pigmentation phenotype or in CF constructive changes related to enhanced jaw development. Maternal transcripts encoded by the pou2f1b, runx2b, and axin1 genes, which are involved in determining ventral embryonic fates, were increased in unfertilized CF eggs. In contrast, maternal mRNAs encoded by the ß-catenin and syntabulin genes, which control dorsal embryonic fates, showed similar expression levels in unfertilized SF and CF eggs. Furthermore, maternal transcripts of a sonic hedgehog gene were detected in SF and CF eggs and early cleaving embryos. This study reveals that CF eye degeneration is controlled by changes in maternal factors produced during oogenesis and introduces A. mexicanus as a model system for studying the role of maternal changes in the evolution of development.

Cellular rearrangement of the prechordal plate contributes to eye degeneration in the cavefish

Astyanax mexicanus consists of two different populations: a sighted surface-dwelling form (surface fish) and a blind cave-dwelling form (cavefish). In the cavefish, embryonic expression of sonic hedgehog a (shha) in the prechordal plate is expanded towards the anterior midline, which has been shown to contribute to cavefish specific traits such as eye degeneration, enhanced feeding apparatus, and specialized brain anatomy. However, it is not clear how this expanded expression is achieved and which signaling pathways are involved.Nodal signaling has a crucial role for expression of shh and formation of the prechordal plate. In this study, we report increased expression of prechordal plate marker genes, nodal-related 2 (ndr2) and goosecoid (gsc) in cavefish embryos at the tailbud stage. To investigate whether Nodal signaling is responsible for the anterior expansion of the prechordal plate, we used an inhibitor of Nodal signaling and showed a decreased anterior expansion of the prechordal plate and increased pax6 expression in the anterior midline in treated cavefish embryos. Later in development, the lens and optic cup of treated embryos were significantly larger than untreated embryos. Conversely, increasing Nodal signaling in the surface fish embryo resulted in the expansion of anterior prechordal plate and reduction of pax6 expression in the anterior neural plate together with the formation of small lenses and optic cups later in development. These results confirmed that Nodal signaling has a crucial role for the anterior expansion of the prechordal plate and plays a significant role in cavefish eye development. We showed that the anterior expansion of the prechordal plate was not due to increased total cell number, suggesting the expansion is achieved by changes in cellular distribution in the prechordal plate. In addition, the distribution of presumptive prechordal plate cells in Spemann's organiser was also altered in the cavefish. These results suggested that changes in the cellular arrangement of Spemann's organiser in early gastrulae could have an essential role in the anterior expansion of the prechordal plate contributing to eye degeneration in the cavefish.

Progressive changes in lithological association of the Sanbagawa metamorphic complex, Southwest Japan: Relict clinopyroxene and detrital zircon perspectives

AbstractThe main tectono‐stratigraphic unit (Shirataki unit) of the Sanbagawa metamorphic complex in central Shikoku is characterized by abundant mafic schist layers that show the mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) affinity. These MORB‐derived schist layers are absent in a southern (structurally lower) domain within the unit. Instead, sporadic occurrences of small metabasite lenses that contain relict igneous minerals (Ti‐rich augite and kaersutite) indicative of alkali basalt magmatism are newly recognized in the southern domain. Compositions of relict clinopyroxene in metabasalt are useful to identify the tectonic setting and origin of the protolith basalt, and those in each unit of the Sanbagawa metamorphic complex are presented. The metamorphic grade of the Shirataki unit generally increases structurally upwards in the southern side of the highest‐grade zone, and metamorphic zonation is subparallel to lithostratigraphic succession. The protolith assemblage of the Shirataki unit shows a distinct change from the southern low‐grade domain (lower Shirataki subunit) composed of terrigenous sedimentary rocks (mudstone and sandstone) with minor alkali basalt to the northern higher‐grade domain (upper Shirataki subunit) consisting of terrigenous and pelagic sedimentary rocks with abundant MORB. The youngest detrital zircon U–Pb ages (ca 95–90 Ma) suggest that both domains have Late Cretaceous depositional ages at the trench. Progressive peeling of oceanic plate stratigraphy during subduction can account for the observed change of lithological association in the Shirataki unit.

Lens-specific deletion of the Msx2 gene increased apoptosis by enhancing the caspase-3/caspase-8 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of Msx2 conditional gene knockout during lens development in mice.MethodsLens-specific Msx2 knockout mice were generated using the Cre-loxP system. The eyes of Msx2 conditional knockout (Msx2CKO) and wild-type (Msx2WT) mice were examined during embryonic and early postnatal periods using histological, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA microarray analyses.ResultsMsx2CKO mice exhibited small lens formation and microphthalmia after birth, while Msx2CKO embryos exhibited a persistent lens stalk, small lens formation, and microphthalmia. Conditional deletion of Msx2 also led to an increased apoptosis rate, a significant reduction in FoxE3 expression, and an upregulation of Prox1 expression in the lens vesicle during the early embryonic period. Microarray comparison of Msx2CKO and Msx2WT lens transcriptomes identified a large number of differentially expressed genes. Real-time PCR showed that Casp8 and Casp3 expression was upregulated in Msx2CKO mice at post-natal day 1.ConclusionThe activation of apoptosis through the caspase-8/caspase-3 signaling pathway, together with the downregulation of FoxE3 expression, appeared to account for the smaller lens formation in Msx2CKO mice.

Analysis of complications related to the fitting of small diameter scleral lenses

Purpose: To evaluate the rate of clinical complications associated with the prescription of a small diameter (14.6 mm) mini-scleral lens (SDMS).

APPLICATIONS OF ACTION CAM SENSORS IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL YARD

Abstract. In recent years, special digital cameras called “action camera” or “action cam”, have become popular due to their low price, smallness, lightness, strength and capacity to make videos and photos even in extreme environment surrounding condition. Indeed, these particular cameras have been designed mainly to capture sport actions and work even in case of dirt, bumps, or underwater and at different external temperatures. High resolution of Digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras are usually preferred to be employed in photogrammetric field. Indeed, beyond the sensor resolution, the combination of such cameras with fixed lens with low distortion are preferred to perform accurate 3D measurements; at the contrary, action cameras have small and wide-angle lens, with a lower performance in terms of sensor resolution, lens quality and distortions. However, by considering the characteristics of the action cameras to acquire under conditions that may result difficult for standard DSLR cameras and because of their lower price, these could be taken into consideration as a possible and interesting approach during archaeological excavation activities to document the state of the places. In this paper, the influence of lens radial distortion and chromatic aberration on this type of cameras in self-calibration mode and an evaluation of their application in the field of Cultural Heritage will be investigated and discussed. Using a suitable technique, it has been possible to improve the accuracy of the 3D model obtained by action cam images. Case studies show the quality and the utility of the use of this type of sensor in the survey of archaeological artefacts.

The impact of microlensing on the standardization of strongly lensed Type Ia supernovae

We investigate the effect of microlensing on the standardisation of strongly lensed Type Ia supernovae (GLSNe Ia). We present predictions for the amount of scatter induced by microlensing across a range of plausible strong lens macromodels. We find that lensed images in regions of low convergence, shear and stellar density are standardisable, where the microlensing scatter is < 0.15 magnitudes, comparable to the intrinsic dispersion of for a typical SN Ia. These standardisable configurations correspond to asymmetric lenses with an image located far outside the Einstein radius of the lens. Symmetric and small Einstein radius lenses (< 0.5 arcsec) are not standardisable. We apply our model to the recently discovered GLSN Ia iPTF16geu and find that the large discrepancy between the observed flux and the macromodel predictions from More et al. (2017) cannot be explained by microlensing alone. Using the mock GLSNe Ia catalogue of Goldstein et al. (2017), we predict that ~ 22% of GLSNe Ia discovered by LSST will be standardisable, with a median Einstein radius of 0.9 arcseconds and a median time-delay of 41 days. By breaking the mass-sheet degeneracy the full LSST GLSNe Ia sample will be able to detect systematics in H0 at the 0.5% level.

Next-generation sequencing reveals a new mutation in the LTBP2 gene associated with microspherophakia in a Spanish family

BackgroundMicrospherophakia is a rare autosomal recessive eye disorder characterized by small spherical lens. It may present as an isolated finding or in association with other ocular and/or systemic disorders. This clinical and genetic heterogeneity requires the study of large genes (ADAMTSL4, FBN1, LTBP2, ADAMTSL-10 and ADAMTSL17). The purpose of the present study is to identify the genetic cause of this pathology in a consanguineous Spanish family.MethodsA clinical exome sequencing experiment was executed by the TruSight One® Sequencing Panel (TSO) from Illumina©. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the NGS results.ResultsOnly the insertion of an adenine in exon 36 of the LTBP2 gene (c.5439_5440insA) was associated with pathogenicity. This new mutation was validated by Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis was also performed. Haplotype analyses using the polymorphic markers D14S1025, D14S43 and D14S999 close to the LTBP2 gene indicated identity by descent in this family.ConclusionWe describe the first case of a microspherophakia phenotype associated with a novel homozygous mutation in the LTBP2 gene in a consanguineous Caucasian family by means of NGS technology.

Random forests algorithm in podiform chromite prospectivity mapping in Dolatabad area, SE Iran

The Dolatabad area located in SE Iran is a well-endowed terrain owning several chromite mineralized zones. These chromite ore bodies are all hosted in a colored melange complex zone comprising harzburgite, dunite, and pyroxenite. These deposits are irregular in shape, and are distributed as small lenses along colored melange zones. The area has a great potential for discovering further chromite resources. Therefore, the current work endeavors to delineate the favorable zones of podiform chromite mineralization to focus on the detailed exploration surveys. In order to achieve this goal, the machine learning random forests algorithm was adapted to integrate the footprints of mineralization in various exploration datasets. The genetic characteristics of podiform chromite deposits were used to define the exploration criteria. These defined criteria were then translated to a set of exploration evidence layers. The competent exploration evidence layers, i.e. those with remarkable positive spatial associations with mineralization, were then recognized using distance distribution analysis. Respecting the location of known chromite mineralizations and competent exploration evidence layers, a predictive random forests model was trained and then applied to predict the favorable zones of chromite prospectivity. The delineated targets were found to occupy 19% of the studied area, in which all the known chromite mineralizations were delimited. Consequently, it is worthy to follow up the detailed exploration surveys within the delineated zones.

A zebrafish model of foxe3 deficiency demonstrates lens and eye defects with dysregulation of key genes involved in cataract formation in humans.

The Forkhead box E3 (FOXE3) gene encodes a transcription factor with a forkhead/winged helix domain that is critical for development of the lens and anterior segment of the eye. Monoallelic and biallelic deleterious sequence variants in FOXE3 cause aphakia, cataracts, sclerocornea and microphthalmia in humans. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 injections to target the foxe3 transcript in zebrafish in order to create an experimental model of loss of function for this gene. Larvae that were homozygous for an indel variant, c.296_300delTGCAG, predicting p.(Val99Alafs*2), demonstrated severe eye defects, including small or absent lenses and microphthalmia. The lenses of the homozygous foxe3 indel mutants showed more intense staining with zl-1 antibody compared to control lenses, consistent with increased lens fiber cell differentiation. Whole genome transcriptome analysis (RNA-Seq) on RNA isolated from wildtype larvae and larvae with eye defects that were putative homozygotes for the foxe3 indel variant found significant dysregulation of genes expressed in the lens and eye whose orthologues are associated with cataracts in human patients, including cryba2a, cryba1l1, mipa and hsf4. Comparative analysis of this RNA-seq data with iSyTE data identified several lens-enriched genes to be down-regulated in foxe3 indel mutants. We also noted upregulation of lgsn and crygmxl2 and downregulation of fmodb and cx43.4, genes that are expressed in the zebrafish lens, but that are not yet associated with an eye phenotype in humans. These findings demonstrate that this new zebrafish foxe3 mutant model is highly relevant to the study of the gene regulatory networks conserved in vertebrate lens and eye development.

High-efficiency solar laser pumping by a modified ring-array concentrator

To considerably improve solar laser efficiency, a 5.5 mm diameter 20 mm length Nd:YAG single-crystal rod can be efficiently pumped by highly concentrated solar radiation through a modified ring-array concentrator. Composed of several coaxial parabolic reflective rings and a small diameter Fresnel lens, the 1.5 m diameter modified ring-array concentrator can focus tightly incoming solar radiation into a 5.0 mm full width at half maximum focal spot. An innovative aspherical fused silica concentrator allows further pump light concentration into the Nd:YAG rod at the focal zone. A simple water cooling scheme within the aspherical concentrator constitutes another highlight of this scheme. Strong dependency of solar laser power on the rim angle of the ring-array concentrator was found through ZEMAX™ and LASCAD© analyses. 67.8 W continuous-wave 1064 nm solar laser power at 38.4 W/m2 collection efficiency was numerically calculated, being 1.22 times more than the previous record. Besides, 1.29, 1.03 and 1.85 times improvements in conversion, slope efficiencies and brightness figure of merit, respectively, were numerically achieved. The tracking error influence on solar laser output power was numerically calculated.

Ophiolitic Chromitites of Timor Leste: Their Composition, Platinum Group Element Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Evolution

Ultramafic rocks that crop-out as fault-bounded blocks within Hili Manu, ∼50 km east of the capital Dili on the north coast of Timor Leste, have been a topic of considerable debate regarding their ophiolitic affiliation with the Banda Arc or Australian subcontinental lithosphere. Two discrete ultramafic massifs separated by amphibolite of undefined origin, Be Heda Hill and Kerogeol Hill in the east and Subao Highway in the west, have been identified and host tabular and vein-like chromitite morphologies, respectively. The chromitite bodies at Hili Manu occur as small lenses a few meters in size. This paper presents the first detailed investigation of the chromitites from the two massifs at Hili Manu, including their mineralogy, textures, and chemistry. Chemically, the primary chromites from the Hili Manu chromitites comprise both high-Cr type (Cr2O3 40.24–56.95 wt.% and Cr# [Cr/(Cr + Al)] > 0.6) that occur at Kerogeol Hill and Subao Highway and high-Al type (Cr2O3 35.70–37.38 wt.% and #Cr < 0.56) that are restricted to Be Heda Hill. Similarly, the accessory spinels of the enclosing wall rocks also show high-Cr (#Cr = 0.60–0.82) and high-Al varieties (#Cr = 0.17–0.48). Platinum-group minerals (PGM) such as laurite and possible erlichmanite-series minerals, silicates, base metal sulfides (BMS), and arsenides are found as inclusions and within fractures in the chromite or the serpentinite matrix. The platinum-group element (PGE) concentration of the Hili Manu chromitites and its immediate host peridotite at the three localities varies, with total PGE (Os + Ir + Ru + Rh + Pt + Pd) in the ranges 73.1–1295 ppb and 28.5–364 ppb, respectively. The total PGE content is higher and the Pd/Ir ratio is lower in the Cr-rich chromitites compared to the Al-rich ones. Most of the PGM are 3–10 μm in size and occur as primary or composite inclusions in IPGE-bearing phases, particularly Os-rich laurite, within unaltered chromite grains. Host peridotite major- and trace-element geochemistry coupled with the chemistry of chrome-spinels for both the chromitites and host peridotites in this study show evidence of formation of the Hili Manu peridotite in an upper mantle in a supra-subduction zone setting, part of the young oceanic lithosphere from the Banda Arc.

Asymmetric integral imaging system for a see-through three-dimensional display with background imaging function.

A see-through three-dimensional display with variable background imaging function is proposed. The proposed display system is based on integral imaging and consists of three lens arrays and a transparent flat-panel display. An asymmetric alignment of the three lens arrays enables variable background imaging. The background scene situated at any distance from the display system can be imaged at an intended distance from the display system. The possible imaging regions are shown. The proposed technique was experimentally verified using two optical systems that consisted of lens arrays with large and small lens pitches.

A Miniaturized QEPAS Trace Gas Sensor with a 3D-Printed Acoustic Detection Module.

A 3D printing technique was introduced to a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor and is reported for the first time. The acoustic detection module (ADM) was designed and fabricated using the 3D printing technique and the ADM volume was compressed significantly. Furthermore, a small grin lens was used for laser focusing and facilitated the beam adjustment in the 3D-printed ADM. A quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a low resonance frequency of 30.72 kHz was used as the acoustic wave transducer and acetylene (C2H2) was chosen as the analyte. The reported miniaturized QEPAS trace gas sensor is useful in actual sensor applications.

The occhiolino (occ) mutant Zebrafish, a model for development of the optical function in the biological lens.

Zebrafish visual function depends on quality optics. An F3 screen for developmental mutations in the Zebrafish nervous system was conducted in wild-type (wt) AB Zebrafish exposed to 3 mM of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Mutant offspring, identified in an F3 screen, were characterized by a small pupil, resulting from retinal hypertrophy or hyperplasia and a small lens. Deficits in visual function made feeding difficult after hatching at approximately 5-6 days postfertilization (dpf). Special feeding conditions were necessary for survival of the occhiolino (occ) mutants after 6 dpf. Optokinetic response (OKR) tests measured defects in visual function in the occ mutant, although electroretinograms (ERGs) were normal in the mutant and wt. Consistent with the ERGs, histology found normal retinal structure in the occ mutant and wt Zebrafish. However, lens development was abnormal. Multiphoton imaging of the developmental stages of live embryos confirmed the formation of a secondary mass of lens cells in the developing eye of the mutant Zebrafish at 3-4 dpf, and laminin immunohistochemistry indicated the lens capsule was thin and disorganized in the mutant Zebrafish. The occ Zebrafish is a novel disease model for visual defects associated with abnormal lens development. Developmental Dynamics 246:915-924, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

THE SELIMIYE MOSQUE OF EDIRNE, TURKEY – AN IMMERSIVE AND INTERACTIVE VIRTUAL REALITY EXPERIENCE USING HTC VIVE

Abstract. Recent advances in contemporary Virtual Reality (VR) technologies are going to have a significant impact on veryday life. Through VR it is possible to virtually explore a computer-generated environment as a different reality, and to immerse oneself into the past or in a virtual museum without leaving the current real-life situation. For such the ultimate VR experience, the user should only see the virtual world. Currently, the user must wear a VR headset which fits around the head and over the eyes to visually separate themselves from the physical world. Via the headset images are fed to the eyes through two small lenses. Cultural heritage monuments are ideally suited both for thorough multi-dimensional geometric documentation and for realistic interactive visualisation in immersive VR applications. Additionally, the game industry offers tools for interactive visualisation of objects to motivate users to virtually visit objects and places. In this paper the generation of a virtual 3D model of the Selimiye mosque in the city of Edirne, Turkey and its processing for data integration into the game engine Unity is presented. The project has been carried out as a co-operation between BİMTAŞ, a company of the Greater Municipality of Istanbul, Turkey and the Photogrammetry &amp;amp; Laser Scanning Lab of the HafenCity University Hamburg, Germany to demonstrate an immersive and interactive visualisation using the new VR system HTC Vive. The workflow from data acquisition to VR visualisation, including the necessary programming for navigation, is described. Furthermore, the possible use (including simultaneous multiple users environments) of such a VR visualisation for a CH monument is discussed in this contribution.

Theoretical fitting characteristics of typical soft contact lens designs.

To calculate theoretical fitting success rates (SR) for a range of typical soft contact lens (SCL) designs using a mathematical model. A spreadsheet mathematical model was used to calculate fitting SR for various SCL designs. Designs were evaluated using ocular topography data from 163 subjects. The model calculated SR based on acceptable edge strain (within range 0-6%) and horizontal diameter overlap (range 0.2-1.2mm). Where lenses had multiple base curves (BCs), eyes unsuccessful with the steeper BC were tested with the flatter BC and aggregate SR calculated. Calculations were based on typical, current, hydrogel and silicone hydrogel SCLs and allowed for appropriate on-eye shrinkage (1.0-2.3%). Theoretical results were compared with those from actual clinical trials. Theoretical success rates for one-BC lenses ranged from 60.7% (95% CI 7.2%) to 90.2% (95% CI 3.7%). With two-BC designs, most combinations showed a SR increase with a second BC (84.0%-90.2%). However, one of the two-BC combinations showed only negligible increase with a second BC (72.4%-73.0%). For designs with lower SR, the greatest contributor to failure was inadequate lens diameter. For a given design, differences in shrinkage (i.e. on-eye bulk dehydration) had a significant effect on success rate. In comparison with historical clinical data, there was a positive correlation between small lens fitting prevalence and discomfort reports (r=+0.95, P=<0.001) with a poor correlation between theoretical and actual tight/loose fittings. Mathematical modelling is a useful method for testing SCL design combinations. The results suggest that judicious choice of additional fittings can expand the range of fitting success.

GABRO DE MARCOS DA COSTA, MUNICÍPIO DE MIGUEL PEREIRA (RJ): MAGMATISMO TOLEÍTICO A CÁLCIO ALCALINO NA FAIXA RIBEIRA

Geological, petrographic, rock and mineral chemistry data of two gabbroic ocurrences, from the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro State, are presented in this article. The larger one corresponds to a gabbroic lense of almost 3 Km 2 outcropping area. It is surrounded by granitic rocks and intrudes migmatitic gneisses of the Ribeira Belt. Small lenses of melanogabbro are enclosed in metasediments and occur 15 Km west far from the gabbro.The gabbro essentially contains plagioclase An 45-47´ Opx (En 35-45 ) Cpx (diopsidic augite), porphyritic amphibole and biotite. Locally, quartzgabbro is found in the contact zone of gabbro andgranitic rocks. The neighbouring granitic rocks are quartzdiorite, granodiorite and leucogranite. The gabbro shows tholeiitic signature and develops trends with the calc-alkalic granitic rocks in variation diagrams.The melanogabbro contains olivine (Fo 63 ) and plagioclase (An 97 ). These minerais react to form coronas of Opx (En 70 ) amphibole and spinel/amphibole simplectites around the olivine. The melanogabbro is mterpreted as a cumulatic rock enriched in Mg, Ca, Sr and incompatible elements.A cogenetical link and contemporaneous intrusion for the gabbro, quartzgabbro and quartzdiorite is suggested based on contact relationships and geochemical signature. Such intrusion may nave been empiaced during or late the high grade regional metamorphism.A geochemical relation between the gabbro and the melanogabbro is not well stablished. Although they show similar REE patterns.