Small Intersection Research Articles

Impact of Intersection Left Turn Guide Lines Configuration on Novice Drivers’ Behavior

Novice drivers often face challenges such as misjudgment, inappropriate steering control, distraction, and insufficient speed control when making left turns at intersections, leading to safety hazards. Installing intersection guide lines offers a solution by providing clear path directions, mitigating safety concerns associated with novice drivers’ left-turn actions. This study explored the impact of intersection guide line configurations on the driving behavior of novice drivers during left turns, utilizing large, medium, and small typical intersections to create six categories of left-turn simulation scenarios in a driving simulator. Data on vehicle trajectory, steering angle, steering speed, and eye-tracking were collected and analyzed. The study revealed that guide line arrangement significantly influences novice drivers’ left-turning behavior, enhancing path guidance while reducing trajectory and steering angle fluctuations, speed variations, and driver attention dispersion. This improvement in stability is particularly notable as intersection size and the number of left-turn lanes increase. The study’s findings offer robust theoretical support and guidance for the development and widespread adoption of intersection guide lines.

Depth-selective x-ray diffraction using energy-dispersive x-ray detector and straight capillary optics.

Depth-selective x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was developed. In this technique, XRD spectra were measured using an energy dispersive (ED) x-ray detector at fixed angles. A straight capillary optic was used to define the incident x-ray beam, and a second straight capillary defined the beam path from the sample to detector. Thereby, only the XRD spectrum at the small intersection of two capillary optics could be obtained. A depth-selective XRD is possible by changing the sample position in depth. Many XRD peaks appear in a high-energy range more than 10keV in the ED spectrum. The detection of these peaks will be advantageous for depth analysis because of low absorption in the sample. Depth-selective measurement would be advantageous over general XRD. In this study, depth-selective and ED-XRD spectra are demonstrated for the layered sample, which consisted of film-like Si powder and a muscovite film.

A spin-wave frequency demultiplexer based on YIG nanowaveguides intersecting at a small angle

We experimentally demonstrate a simple design for a spin-wave frequency demultiplexer based on submicrometer-width yttrium iron garnet waveguides intersecting at an angle of 30°. We show that, depending on the frequency, spin waves excited in the input arm of the device are predominantly directed to one of the two output arms. This spin-wave routing is characterized by a large extinction ratio of about 10. The frequency response of the demultiplexer can be efficiently controlled by changing the static magnetic field and the geometry of the device. Due to the small intersection angle and symmetry of the device, its operation does not require conversion between different types of spin-wave modes. This results in a high efficiency of the device and allows its facile integration into magnonic networks for complex signal processing and computing with spin waves.

The principal small intersection graph of a commutative ring

The principal small intersection graph of a commutative ring

Field physical model tests on the mechanism of river blocking by debris flow in the middle reaches of the Dadu River, Southwest China.

Debris flow is a typical natural disaster in the middle reaches of the Dadu River, Southwest China. Field physical model tests were conducted to reveal the mechanism of river blocking by debris flow in the middle reaches of the Dadu River. The dynamic processes of riHver blocking by debris flows were revealed, and based on which three typical river-blocking modes of debris flow are observed, i.e. thrust-type river blocking, mixed-flow-type river blocking and progressive river blocking. The test results showed that the material composition of debris flows plays an important role in the river-blocking mode, only the tests that adopted the mixed soil and gravel exhibited the thrust-type river blocking mode. The material composition has a controlling effect on the thrust-type river-blocking model. Mixed-flow-type river-blocking mode appears most often in the tests with an intersection angle of 60°, because the small intersection angle is conducive to the mixing of the debris flow and the water in the main channel. The debris flows composed of sand tend to block the river with mixed-flow-type river-blocking mode, accounting for 50% of the occurrences in the model tests. The high flow rate and discharge in the main channel and the low flow rate and discharge in the branch channel are the key factors controlling the progressive river-blocking mode. The test results in this study can support the debris flow disaster prevention and mitigation in this area.

A Note on Internal Partitions: The 5-Regular Case and Beyond

An internal or friendly partition of a graph is a partition of the vertex set into two nonempty sets so that every vertex has at least as many neighbours in its own class as in the other one. It has been shown that apart from finitely many counterexamples, every 3, 4 or 6-regular graph has an internal partition. In this note we focus on the 5-regular case and show that among the subgraphs of minimum degree at least 3 of 5-regular graphs, there are some which have small intersection. We also discuss the existence of internal partitions in some families of Cayley graphs, notably we determine all 5-regular Abelian Cayley graphs which do not have an internal partition.

The Taguelft syncline (Moroccan Central High Atlas) an example of extension-related mini-basin evidenced by paleomagnetic data

The purpose of this work is to use paleomagnetic data to determine the tectonic evolution of the inverted High Atlas basin in the area of the Taguelft syncline. This syncline shows two well defined rock types of Jurassic age: marly limestones and red beds, and therefore provides the opportunity of comparing paleomagnetic results from rocks with different magnetic mineralogy. Forty-three sites, in an area of 250 km2 were the subject of a paleomagnetic and rock magnetic study. Both lithologies display a stable interfolding remagnetization, alternatively carried by magnetite in marly-limestones and hematite in red beds. The small circle intersections (SCI) method applied separately to the mean directions of the two rock types indicate a synchronous record of remagnetization, that can be dated as Mid-Cretaceous (100 Ma) by comparing the direction (SCI) with the expected directions obtained from the Global Apparent Wander Path in African coordinates. Small circle techniques were used to reconstruct the syncline geometry at the remagnetization time. Paleodips quantification reveals that this area behaved as an extension-related mini-basin, with strong control by salt migration, before and during the sedimentation of Bathonian red beds.

Joint Panchromatic and Multispectral Geometric Calibration Method for the DS-1 Satellite

The DS-1 satellite was launched successfully on 3 June 2021 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. The satellite is equipped with a 1 m panchromatic and a 4 m multispectral sensor, providing high-resolution and wide-field optical remote sensing imaging capabilities. For satellites equipped with panchromatic and multispectral sensors, conventional geometric processing methods in the past involved separate calibration for the panchromatic sensor and the multispectral sensor. This method produced distinct internal and external calibration parameters in the respective bands, and also resulted in nonlinear geometric misalignments between the panchromatic and multispectral images due to satellite chattering and other factors. To better capitalize on the high spatial resolution of panchromatic imagery and the superior spectral resolution of multispectral imagery, it is necessary to perform registration on the calibrated panchromatic and multispectral images. When registering separately calibrated panchromatic and multispectral images, poor consistency between panchromatic and multispectral images leads to a small number of corresponding points, resulting in poor accuracy and registration effects. To address this issue, we propose a joint panchromatic and multispectral calibration method to register the panchromatic and multispectral images. Before geometric calibration, it is necessary to perform corresponding points matching. When matching, the small interval between the panchromatic and multispectral Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) results in a small intersection angle of the corresponding points between the panchromatic and multispectral images. As a result of this, the consistency between the spectral bands significantly improves, and the corresponding points match to have a more uniform distribution and a wider coverage. The technique enhances the consistent registration accuracy of both the panchromatic and multispectral bands. Experiments demonstrate that the joint calibration method yields a registration accuracy of panchromatic and multispectral bands exceeding 0.3 pixels.

Utility analysis and demonstration of real-world clinical texts: A case study on Japanese cancer-related EHRs.

Real-world data (RWD) in the medical field, such as electronic health records (EHRs) and medication orders, are receiving increasing attention from researchers and practitioners. While structured data have played a vital role thus far, unstructured data represented by text (e.g., discharge summaries) are not effectively utilized because of the difficulty in extracting medical information. We evaluated the information gained by supplementing structured data with clinical concepts extracted from unstructured text by leveraging natural language processing techniques. Using a machine learning-based pretrained named entity recognition tool, we extracted disease and medication names from real discharge summaries in a Japanese hospital and linked them to medical concepts using medical term dictionaries. By comparing the diseases and medications mentioned in the text with medical codes in tabular diagnosis records, we found that: (1) the text data contained richer information on patient symptoms than tabular diagnosis records, whereas the medication-order table stored more injection data than text. In addition, (2) extractable information regarding specific diseases showed surprisingly small intersections among text, diagnosis records, and medication orders. Text data can thus be a useful supplement for RWD mining, which is further demonstrated by (3) our practical application system for drug safety evaluation, which exhaustively visualizes suspicious adverse drug effects caused by the simultaneous use of anticancer drug pairs. We conclude that proper use of textual information extraction can lead to better outcomes in medical RWD mining.

Retracted: Engineering Application of Nanomaterial and Ferroelectric Domain Polarization to the Dynamic Structure of the Surrounding Rock of Heavy-Duty Railway with Small Clear Intersection Tunnel

Retracted: Engineering Application of Nanomaterial and Ferroelectric Domain Polarization to the Dynamic Structure of the Surrounding Rock of Heavy-Duty Railway with Small Clear Intersection Tunnel

Performance Analysis of One-Level Signalized Urban Intersections with Exclusive Pedestrian Phases and Diagonal Crossings

The exclusive pedestrian (hereinafter P) phase with a diagonal crossing is routinely introduced to improve P safety at high-volume intersections. The article analyses and evaluates the feasibility of the exclusive P phase and diagonal crossing at single-level smaller intersections, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the exclusive P phase and diagonal crossing from the point of view of time losses. In the experimental part, traffic flow modelling is carried out. The traffic flow simulations show that an exclusive P phase is most beneficial in terms of time losses at an intersection with 2+2 lane intersecting streets and ≥ 900 P/hour with ≥ 1600 vehicles/hour (hereinafter V). In addition, an exclusive P phase can be implemented at the small intersections analysed in this paper, where the volume of V is low or medium, regardless of the number of P at the intersection.

Performance Analysis of One-Level Signalized Urban Intersections with Exclusive Pedestrian Phases and Diagonal Crossings

The exclusive pedestrian (hereinafter P) phase with a diagonal crossing is routinely introduced to improve P safety at high-volume intersections. The article analyses and evaluates the feasibility of the exclusive P phase and diagonal crossing at single-level smaller intersections, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the exclusive P phase and diagonal crossing from the point of view of time losses. In the experimental part, traffic flow modelling is carried out. The traffic flow simulations show that an exclusive P phase is most beneficial in terms of time losses at an intersection with 2+2 lane intersecting streets and ≥ 900 P/hour with ≥ 1600 vehicles/hour (hereinafter V). In addition, an exclusive P phase can be implemented at the small intersections analysed in this paper, where the volume of V is low or medium, regardless of the number of P at the intersection.

Coloring unions of nearly disjoint hypergraph cliques

AbstractWe consider the maximum chromatic number of hypergraphs consisting of cliques that have pairwise small intersections. Designs of the appropriate parameters produce optimal constructions, but these are generally known to exist only when the number of cliques is exponential in the clique size (Glock, Kühn, Lo, and Osthus, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 284 (2023) v+131 pp; Keevash, Preprint; Rödl, Eur. J. Combin. 6 (1985) 69–78). We construct near designs where the number of cliques is polynomial in the clique size, and show that they have large chromatic number. The case when the cliques have pairwise intersections of size at most one seems particularly challenging. Here, we give lower bounds by analyzing a random greedy hypergraph process. We also consider the related question of determining the maximum number of caps in a finite projective/affine plane and obtain nontrivial upper and lower bounds.

Object feedback and feature information retention for small object detection in intelligent transportation scenes

Object detection is an important task in intelligent transportation scenes, and the performance of small object detection is directly related to its practical application. Small objects typically have poor detection performance due to reasons such as inadequate feature information and localization challenges. This paper proposes object feedback and feature retention, which can effectively improve the performance of small object detection. Firstly, we provide an in-depth analysis of popular methods in small object detection. In order to address the issue that location loss functions are mainly designed for general object detection, this paper proposes the Small Object Intersection over Union (SOIoU) loss function based on object feedback. This function can be adaptively optimized for small objects according to their size, thereby making the model more focused on small objects. In addition, for the issue of insufficient detail information in the output layer, this paper proposes the Small Object Path Aggregation Network (SOPANet) based on feature information retention, which can effectively enhance the information conditions for detecting small objects. Based on the above, the Object Feedback and Feature Retention-You Only Look Once (OFFR-YOLO) model is obtained in this paper. The proposed method improved the small object detection performance by 2.5 % and 4.8 % on the COCO (Common Objects in Context) and BDD100K (Diverse Driving Dataset for Heterogeneous Multitask Learning) datasets, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the detection performance of small objects.

Conservative cut finite element methods using macroelements

We develop a conservative cut finite element method for an elliptic coupled bulk-interface problem. The method is based on a discontinuous Galerkin framework where stabilization is added in such a way that we retain conservation on macroelements containing one element with a large intersection with the domain and possibly a number of elements with small intersections. We derive error estimates and present confirming numerical results.

Octopuses in the Boolean cube: Families with pairwise small intersections, part I

Let F1,…,Fℓ be families of subsets of {1,…,n}. Suppose that for distinct k,k′ and arbitrary F1∈Fk,F2∈Fk′ we have |F1∩F2|⩽m. What is the maximal value of |F1|…|Fℓ|? In this work we find the asymptotic of this product as n tends to infinity for constant ℓ and m.This question is related to a conjecture of Bohn et al. that arose in the 2-level polytope theory and asked for the largest product of the number of facets and vertices in a two-level polytope. This conjecture was recently resolved by Weltge and the first author.The main result can be rephrased in terms of colorings. We give an asymptotic answer to the following question. Given an edge coloring of a complete m-uniform hypergraph into ℓ colors, what is the maximum of ∏Mi, where Mi is the number of monochromatic cliques in i-th color?

Exponential Decay of Intersection Volume With Applications on List-Decodability and Gilbert-Varshamov Type Bound

We give some natural sufficient conditions for balls in a metric space to have small intersection. Roughly speaking, this happens when the metric space is (i) expanding and (ii) wellspread, and (iii) a certain random variable on the boundary of a ball has a small tail. As applications, we show that the volume of intersection of balls in Hamming, Johnson spaces and symmetric groups decay exponentially as their centers drift apart. To verify condition (iii), we prove some large deviation inequalities ‘on a slice’ for functions with Lipschitz conditions. We then use these estimates on intersection volumes to ∙ obtain a sharp lower bound on list-decodability of random <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -ary codes, confirming a conjecture of Li and Wootters; and ∙ improve the classical bound of Levenshtein from 1971 on constant weight codes by a factor linear in dimension, resolving a problem raised by Jiang and Vardy. Our probabilistic point of view also offers a unified framework to obtain improvements on other Gilbert-Varshamov type bounds, giving conceptually simple and calculation-free proofs for <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -ary codes, permutation codes, and spherical codes. Another consequence is a counting result on the number of codes, showing ampleness of large codes.

The Design of Dynamic Channelization and Signal Control System

For a long time, the development of urban transportation promotes economic development, however, which brings many urban traffic problems. The significant fluctuation of daily traffic volume has caused serious congestion and queuing at some small or medium-sized intersections. In order to enhance the performance of the, this paper proposes a scheme of dynamic channelization and signal control system which can be adapted to flat and peak. The scheme realizes the conversion of different channelization schemes via LED light strips laid on the road. In order to avoid potential conflicts in the process of scheme transformation, this paper focuses on the transition process from flat peak scheme to peak scheme. This scheme can also realize the systematic adjustment of traffic capacity at intersection, and also has the function of dynamic lane adjustment.

TRICE‐2 Rocket Observations in the Low‐Altitude Cusp: Boundaries and Comparisons With Models

AbstractThe launch of the Twin Rockets to Investigate Cusp Electrodynamics‐2 (TRICE‐2) took place on the morning of 08 December 2018. The two rockets of this campaign each sampled the low‐altitude Northern Hemisphere cusp region at approximately the apex of each rocket's trajectory (1,042 and 757 km for the High flyer and Low flyer, respectively). Ion and electron electrostatic analyzers (ESAs) on board each rocket measured in situ particle populations throughout the flights. Energy‐flux spectrograms of ions and electrons from each ESA clearly show the passage of each rocket through the cusp region. This work examines the locations of these entrance/exit points in relation to cusp models as provided in and compiled from the published literature, along with a discussion of model variables that have been optimized to best fit the cusp region boundary sampling locations by TRICE‐2. The results of this study set the stage for understanding the upcoming NASA Small Explorer Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites orbital plane intersections with (i.e., “trajectory cuts” through) the cusp region.

Engineering Application of Nanomaterial and Ferroelectric Domain Polarization to the Dynamic Structure of the Surrounding Rock of Heavy-Duty Railway with Small Clear Intersection Tunnel

With the development of national railways and railways as one of the important channels for heavy-haul transportation, the construction of heavy-haul railways must be a rapid development, which makes it inevitable that the heavy-duty situation of small-distance interchange tunnels will appear. Nanomaterials refer to materials that have at least one dimension in the three-dimensional space in the nanoscale range (1 nm∼100 nm) or are composed of them as basic units. Ferroelectric domain polarization refers to the existence of electric domains in ferroelectrics, electric domains refer to small regions with the same spontaneous polarization direction, and the boundaries between electric domains and electric domains are called domain walls. It is also urgent to study the dynamic structure of the surrounding rocks of heavy-duty railways. This article aims to study the use of nanomaterial and ferroelectric domain technology to improve the overall strength, wear resistance, toughness, and other properties of steel to ensure the safety of the surrounding rock dynamic structure of the heavy-duty railway in the small clearance intersecting tunnel. Moreover, on this basis, this article proposes the method of spraying steel with nanomaterials and the use of ferroelectric domain polarization technology. The strength and wear resistance of steel can be improved under different nanomaterial content and the degree of ferroelectric domain polarization. Sustainability and toughness have been improved, respectively. After the wear resistance experiment and analysis, the experimental results of this article show that the impact resistance of the steel increased by 18.75%. When 0.012% of CeO2 is added, the impact toughness of the steel is increased to the maximum of 3.4 J, an increase of 16.31%, and a 37% increase in wear resistance. Under the premise of ensuring the demand for heavy-duty transportation, the safety performance and sustainability of transportation are greatly improved.