Small Estates Research Articles

SMALL ESTATES (DISTRIBUTION) ACT 1955: ANALYSIS ON THE 2022 AMENDMENT AND ITS EFFECTS OVER THE INHERITANCE MANAGEMENT

This study aims to analyse the amendments to the Small Estates (Distribution) Act 1955 by looking at each amendment and identifying its impact on other relevant administrative bodies. This qualitative study involved library-based research in which the authors reviewed relevant literature for the purpose of data collection, namely newspapers, textbooks, conference proceedings, case laws, seminar papers, and journal articles. The amendment shows some overlap with the jurisdiction of other administrative bodies, specifically the Amanah Raya Berhad (ARB). The paper suggested that further amendments be made to other administrative bodies, namely the Civil High Court and ARB in order to prevent such overlapping.

Analysis of The Solution to The Division of Muslims' Small Estates by Consensus in Johor Bahru

Malaysians still underestimate the management of inheritance distribution. This can be seen every year in the newspapers about the issue of freeze inheritance which has now reached almost RM90 billion in unclaimed real estate value. Another critical problem is when there is a mandatory understanding or belief in the settlement of the faraid method among the heirs. There is nothing wrong if you want to stick to the faraid method, but if there are circumstances that limit the faraid solution, then the consensus mechanism needs to be organized as one of the alternative methods. The Muslim community needs to be cautious and aware in understanding Islamic inheritance law holistically to help shape and organize the best inheritance solution. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the extent to which the consensus method is applied in the Inheritance Division Unit of South Johor, Johor Bahru (UPPJS), and how the concept and factors of this consensus are formed. The research methodology is qualitative. The collection of research data resulted from the analysis of documents and interviews and then analyzed inductively and thematically. The results of the study found that the selection of this consensus resulted from the forms of property settlement agreed upon among the heirs and the majority of the forms by “hand over the share” became the highest primary choice compared to the choice of other forms. The implications of choosing a consensus method not only help resolve the division of property but also guarantee family harmony.

СЛУЖИЛЫЕ ЛЮДИ ПО ОТЕЧЕСТВУ В ПОГРАНИЧНОМ ВОЛЖСКОМ ГОРОДЕ НА ИСХОДЕ СМУТНОГО ВРЕМЕНИ

The article shows the results of studying the composition and activities of hereditary servicemen in the Samara fortress at the end of the Time of Troubles. The analysis was based on methods of modern “new social history” and “new biographic history”. These methods were applied within the selected chronological and local frameworks of the southeastern borders of Russia at the beginning of the 17th century without ego-sources, and the necessary biographical information has been extracted from office documents and acts. Hereditary servicemen were transferred to Samara mainly from the towns and uezds of the Upper Volga. They had to participate in the struggle against internal enemies — supporters of impostors, in repelling attacks by nomads and Cossacks, in ensuring diplomatic contacts and customs service, in establishing ties with the capital, other towns and regions. They made a contribution into construction new fortresses on the Volga, because Samara remained the only Russian fortress between Kazan and Astrakhan during the Time of Troubles. The privileged status of hereditary servicemen in the Samara was due to the performance of responsible military and administrative duties, relatively high salaries, since the majority of them owned only small estates if at all, did not have serfs or owned a tiny number of them. Experienced soldiers and managers sent to serve in Samara contributed to the strengthening of the authorities in the border town and the further colonization of the outlying lands in the southeast of European Russia.

Challenges of Idle Small Estate Issues and Potential Solution/ Cabaran Isu Tanah Pusaka Terbiar Dan Potensi Penyelesaian

Small estates are the property and all rights left by the deceased that belong to him during life and will belong to the heirs after his death. Every year, the issue of these idle small estate assets has been reported to be on the rise, which is now a challenge to resolve. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine the challenges that led to the issue of idle small estates as well as the potential that can be highlighted in helping to develop and at the same time resolve the issue of these idle small estates. The research methodology is qualitative by using content analysis on previous studies through reference to journals, articles, books, papers, and other relevant written materials to describe the issues, challenges, and potential to resolve the issue of idle small estates in Malaysia. The issues, challenges, and potential solutions of this idle small estate are analyses descriptively and thematically to discuss the results of the study more systematically. The results show that there are four aspects of the challenge that have been identified as drivers of the issue of idle small estates in Malaysia. Aspects of the challenge refer to legal, administrative, social, and economic issues. Findings on the potential to resolve this issue refer to the strengthening of the implementation of policies and legislation; the strengthening of the system of governance; the strengthening and increased involvement of the community; and the increased availability of needs in rural areas. This study can be beneficial for all levels of society, especially Muslims, as well as the parties responsible for these small estates to be more effective in overcoming and at the same time resolving the issue of idle small estates in Malaysia.

Standalone portable xenon-129 hyperpolariser for multicentre clinical magnetic resonance imaging of the lungs.

ObjectivesDesign and build a portable xenon-129 (129Xe) hyperpolariser for clinically accessible 129Xe lung MRI.MethodsThe polariser system consists of six main functional components: (i) a laser diode array and optics; (ii) a B0 coil assembly; (iii) an oven containing an optical cell; (iv) NMR and optical spectrometers; (v) a gas-handling manifold; and (vi) a cryostat within a permanent magnet. All components run without external utilities such as compressed air or three-phase electricity, and require just three mains sockets for operation. The system can be manually transported in a lightweight van and rapidly installed on a small estates footprint in a hospital setting.ResultsThe polariser routinely provides polarised 129Xe for routine clinical lung MRI. To test the concept of portability and rapid deployment, it was transported 200 km, installed at a hospital with no previous experience with the technology and 129Xe MR images of a diagnostic quality were acquired the day after system transport and installation.ConclusionThis portable 129Xe hyperpolariser system could form the basis of a cost-effective platform for wider clinical dissemination and multicentre evaluation of 129Xe lung MR imaging.Advances in knowledgeOur work successfully demonstrates the feasibility of multicentre clinical 129Xe MRI with a portable hyperpolariser system.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЗАГОРОДНОЙ УСАДЕБНОЙ ЗАСТРОЙКИ XVIII – НАЧАЛА XX ВВ. НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГАТЧИНСКОГО РАЙОНА ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article deals with the history of the emergence and development of country estate complexes located on the territory of the modern Gatchinsky district of the Leningrad region. Large estates of the highest nobility, occupying more than 40 hectares, medium and small noble estates, the area of which does not exceed 30 – 40 hectares and cottages are studied. The relevance of the study is due to the problems of adaptation of historical estates of the XVIII-early XX centuries in the context of preserving the historical environment. The research is urgent due to the issues of adaptation the historical estates of the XVIII-early XX centuries in the context of preserving the historical environment. The common tendencies, which are typical for country estate of the XVIII century second part, at the turn of the XVIII and XIX century, first and second parts of the XIX century and at the turn of the XIX and XX century period, are highlighted by analytical method. It contains analysis of features of architectural projection structure of country estates, which are changed due to each stage of developing, because it is necessary for end-to-end solution for reservation of historical noble estates.
 
 In result, the main chronological periods are founded and main modifications in layout structures of country estates and architecture design are described. Prosperity of country estates and formation of its classic appearance happened from the middle of the XVIII century till the end of first quarter of the XIX century. Country cottages, which refer to the period of prosperity, mainly are designed for year-round residence. Additionally, the research contains review of country estate culture fade period. Main preconditions of country cottages appearance and developing in first part of XIX century are studied and described. The key vectors of adaptation of manor complexes after 1917 are designated, concrete examples of functional reorientation are given.

Noble estates and their owners in the Orłów county in the second half of the 18th century

The Orłów county, being one of the smallest in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was a part of the Łęczyca voivodship. The towns, villages and other real estate in this county belonged exclusively to the nobility and to the Catholic Church. The contemporary historians investigating the ownership of these properties in the 16th and 17th centuries unambiguously determined that the accumulation of properties and creation of large estates made up of a dozen or more villages did not occur in the said county. The owners of noble estates were not too wealthy, neither in the country nor in the voivodship. The situation did not change in the next century, as confirmed by the study into the records of the chimney tax in 1775 and the head tax in 1790, which covered the entire Łęczyca voivodship. At the time, the most affluent was the voivode of Łęczyca, Szymon Dzierzbicki, being in possession of the town of Bielawa and eight villages, as well as the voivode of Vitebsk, Józef Sołłohub, the owner of Żychlin, six full villages and a part. In 1790, the largest property, including six villages, belonged to the general of the Russian army, Jan Sołłohub. It confirms that no noble estate that would be composed of over ten towns existed in the Orłów county. The area was dominated by small estates, consisting of one or two villages, or their parts, which mainly belonged to the less affluent nobility. In some cases, a village was owned by two or three noblemen, but sometimes even by thirteen. Over the next 15 years, the situation has not changed significantly since the process of property consolidation did not take place. The group of landowners did not grow smaller, and the analysis of the number of chimneys in the villages of the Orłów county in 1790 indicated that a considerable part of the Orłów nobility was working the land and was also tax exempt for having small estate.

Dobra szlacheckie i ich właściciele w powiecie orłowskim w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku

Powiat orłowski, należący do najmniejszych pod względem powierzchni w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, wchodził w skład województwa łęczyckiego. Miasta, wsie i inne nieruchomości istniejące w tym powiecie należały jedynie do szlachty i Kościoła katolickiego. Współcześni historycy badający własność owych dóbr w XVI i XVII stuleciu ustalili jednoznacznie, że na obszarze owego powiatu nie doszło do kumulacji i utworzenia kilkunastowioskowych bądź jeszcze większych majątków. Z drugiej strony właściciele dóbr szlacheckich nie byli zbyt zamożnymi w kraju, jak również w województwie. Sytuacja nie zmieniła się w następnym stuleciu, co potwierdzają wyniki badań rejestrami podymnego z 1775 r. i pogłównego z 1790 r., które objęły całe województwo łęczyckie. W tym czasie do najbogatszych należeli wojewoda łęczycki Szymon Dzierzbicki, posiadający miasto Bielawę i osiem wsi, czy wojewoda witebski Józef Sołłohub, właściciel miasta Żychlina oraz sześciu i części wsi. W 1790 r. największy majątek, liczący sześć wsi, należał do generała wojsk rosyjskich Jana Sołłohuba. To potwierdza, że na obszarze powiatu orłowskiego nie było majątków szlacheckich składających się z więcej niż 10 miejscowości. Dominowały majątki niewielkie, składające się z jednej, dwu bądź części wsi, należących w większości do ubogiej szlachty. W niektórych przypadkach wsie miały po dwóch–trzech właścicieli, a zdarzały się przypadki, że nawet 13. W ciągu 15 lat nie nastąpiła zdecydowana zmiana, ponieważ nie dokonał się proces scalania dóbr. Ta grupa właścicieli nie zmniejszyła się, a analiza liczby dymów we wsiach powiatu orłowskiego z 1790 r. wykazała, że spora część orłowskiej szlachty zajmowała się pracą na roli i była również zwolniona z płacenia podatków ze względu na zbyt mały majątek.

Мелкие и средние землевладения флорентийских граждан: значение «подере» и «вилл» в повседневной жизни

Мелкие и средние землевладения флорентийских граждан: значение «подере» и «вилл» в повседневной жизни

The Development of North Brabant’s Spatial Logic

In this article, we investigate the co-evolutionary logics of organizational (environment, landscapes, architecture), institutional (governance and policy), and territorial (religion, activities, society) paradigms that have shaped the North Brabant province of the Netherlands. The authors postulate that the layering of socio-economic and spatial paradigms based on an interwoven ecology and interdependence of soil types, economic activities, infrastructures, and religion lead to a unique developmental logic within the region. This article expands on the historical layering of landscapes (urban, peri-urban, and rural) and transitions, attested by the region’s agricultural legacy (small scale farms, estates, and various soil types), merged with the legacy of industrial and post-industrial era transformations (industrial complexes, religious institutions). The article argues that the strength of the region lies in its mosaic of urbanity, farmland, and spread of spatial and economic activities, determining its current post-industrial landscape.

Practical challenges relating to the supervision of small estates

Previously, the supervision of the administration of deceased estates was divided along racial lines. Law reform has, however, seen the establishment of a single system that is fair to all South Africans - or is it? Following a brief contextualisation of the legal position on the supervision of deceased estates prior to, and following the definitive Moseneke judgement of 6 December 2000, this article sets out to examine whether the equality envisaged by that judgement and recent legislation pertaining to the supervision of small estates is actually being achieved. The research reveals some practical challenges, including poor service delivery at service points; banks renouncing their nomination as executor of small estates for a lack of sufficient financial benefit; the non-registration of customary marriages; the poor protection currently afforded to vulnerable minor beneficiaries of deceased estates, and the lack of a more affordable, accessible way than lengthy and costly court procedures to challenge a decision of the Master of the High Court. To address these challenges, it is recommended that service point infrastructure be strengthened; that banks be required to communicate more openly with their clients; that extensive awareness campaigns be launched on the urgent need for all customary marriages to be registered; that the agreement between government and Legal Aid South Africa, which is supposed to serve minor beneficiaries of deceased estates, be revisited, and that the possibility of an estate ombudsman be explored. Praktiese uitdagings in verband met toesig oor klein boedels Toesig oor die administrasie van bestorwe boedels is voorheen volgens rasselyne verdeel. Tog het regshervorming sedertdien 'n enkele stelsel tot stand gebring wat billik is teenoor alle Suid-Afrikaners - of is dit? Na 'n kort uiteensetting van die regstandpunt oor toesig oor bestorwe boedels voor en na die rigtinggewende Moseneke-uitspraak van 6 Desember 2000, ondersoek hierdie artikel of die gelykheid wat daardie uitspraak en onlangse wetgewing met betrekking tot toesig oor klein boedels beoog, werklik bereik word. Die navorsing bring sekere praktiese uitdagings aan die lig. Dit sluit in swak dienslewering by dienspunte; banke wat hul benoeming as eksekuteur van klein boedels laat vaar by gebrek aan voldoende finansiele voordeel; die nie-registrasie van gewoonteregtelike huwelike; die huidige swak beskerming van kwesbare minderjarige begunstigdes van bestorwe boedels, en die gebrek aan 'n meer bekostigbare, toeganklike metode as uitgerekte en duur hofverrigtinge om 'n besluit deur die Meester van die Hooggeregshof te betwis. Om hierdie uitdagings te hanteer, word daar aanbeveel dat die infrastruktuur van dienspunte versterk word; dat banke verplig word om meer openlik met hul kliente te kommunikeer; dat uitgebreide bewusmakingsveldtogte van stapel gestuur word oor die dringende behoefte om alle gewoonteregtelike huwelike te registreer; dat die ooreenkoms tussen die regering en die Regshulpraad van Suid-Afrika, wat veronderstel is om minderjarige begunstigdes van bestorwe boedels te dien, hersien word, en dat die moontlikheid van 'n ombudsman vir boedels verken word.

Book Review ‘Islamic Inheritance Law: Implementation in Malaysia’ (Malay Version)

Written by Mohd Zamro Muda and Mohd Ridzuan Awang, this book is a very good effort to be given disseminated to the students. Currently, the general public are very interested to learn and practice the Islamic law, especially matters concerning related to inheritance. Therefore, the authors of this book hope that this book will be should be considered as one of a key reference for students and those who wanted to deepen their knowledge related to Islamic inheritance law. This book is a book that touches two aspects, namely the Islamic inheritance law is provided by using a style that is easy to understand with examples of case resolution. Secondly, this book discusses the implementation of Islamic inheritance law in the context of administration in Malaysia, whether in connection with a small estate, inheritance and estate of the brief. These three types of inheritance are administered by the Division of Small Estate, Amanah Raya Berhad or the Civil High Court, according to the Small Estates (Distribution) Act 1955 or the Probate and Administration Act 1959. Both of these laws were passed by parliament and enforceable against the estate of Muslims and non- Muslims in Malaysia.

Noble Landownership in 18th-Century Russia: Revisiting the Economic and Sociopolitical Consequences of Partible Inheritance

Noble Landownership in 18th-Century RussiaRevisiting the Economic and Sociopolitical Consequences of Partible Inheritance Sergey Chernikov (bio) Translated by Aleksei Tereshchenko The idea that partible inheritance had a negative influence on the economic well-being of noble families is well known; it was set out in the famous Law of Single Inheritance published by Peter the Great in 1714.1 Most historians believe that after a few generations, the absence of primogeniture led to a catastrophic reduction in the size of landed property belonging to the descendants of noblemen, even to their complete ruin.2 Several works demonstrate that the practice of partible inheritance undermined the independence of landowners, making the nobles dependent on the state and their opposition to the crown impossible.3 Scholars who have adopted [End Page 277] a more moderate point of view have pointed out that the negative effects of such fragmentation of landed property were to a large extent offset by the acquisition of new lands through inheritance, purchase, or the receipt of dowries.4 A key strand of the discussion is the Law of Single Inheritance itself. Many still adhere to the popular opinion—based on a Senate report of 9 December 1730—that the law was often infringed. M. D. Rabinovich and G. V. Kalashnikov, however, analyzed the wealth of Russian army officers between 1720 and 1745 and found that the law was implemented with regard to the inheritance of real estate.5 I have also calculated how much fragmentation of landed estates took place in the first half of the 18th century.6 At the same time, many questions have not received sufficient attention. For instance, how did the fragmentation of landed property affect agricultural productivity? Were five small estates, each with 20 serf “souls,” the economic equivalent of a large, unfragmented hereditary estate with 100 souls? Is there a connection between the size (population) of a noble estate, the labor resources of a peasant family, the allocation of serfs’ obligations, and the amount of unpaid taxes? The first part of my article addresses these questions. It is based on the results of household censuses from the early 1730s conducted in the St. Petersburg region (Ingermanland guberniia) and in the South, in the fertile black-soil lands of Sloboda Ukraine. Never before have revision documents and tax collectors’ data been used to study the economic and social impact of the fragmentation of noble estates. My calculations show that large estates were economically more efficient, and that the only way to keep the fragmented estates profitable was to intensify the exploitation of peasants and to bring new lands under cultivation. These results provide the basis for the second part of my work. The analysis of interrelationships among models of inheritance, the profitability of noble estates, and peasant labor resources allows me to show why the introduction of single inheritance and the elimination of the old model of service (pomest’e) [End Page 278] land tenure were united to create the Law of Single Inheritance. Until now, these key decisions by Peter the Great have been studied separately. As I show, the distribution of conditional service lands (pomestnye razdachi) in the 16th and 17th centuries was in essence a compensatory mechanism that diminished the negative effects of the fragmentation of hereditary estates (votchiny). As a result, the 1714 Law of Single Inheritance can be interpreted as an attempt by Peter to save the profitability of noble estates in a situation where land resources were becoming scarce. The second part of the article also deals with the economic and sociopolitical impact of the abrogation of the Law of Single Inheritance through an analysis of the new situation confronted by nobles after 1731, when they were able to resume the practice of partible inheritance. On the one hand, the state no longer helped nobles by assigning large-scale service land grants. The growing dependence of lower-income gentry (the majority of nobles) on state salaries appears to be one of the main reasons that led the authorities to stop compelling nobles to serve.7 On the other hand, the desire of nobles to keep their fragmented estates profitable led them to demand more from...

Capital in the Sixth Century: The Dynamics of Tax and Estate in Roman Egypt

The Dioscorus and the Apion dossiers represent a unique opportunity to bring quantitative methods into the study of ancient economies. With a combined total of more than a thousand chronologically overlapping documents from two different Egyptian nomes, many of these account logs, the material from these two dossiers sheds light on the micro-economic situation of large and small estates in late antique Egypt. This paper uses many of these accounts—including some still unpublished—in order to reach estimates of the available agricultural surplus, its distribution between tenants, owners and state, the level of economic rationality undergirding economic choices by large and small owners, and the evolution of the imperial taxation policy at a period when Justinian was working to win back the lost western provinces for the Roman realm. The traditional assumption that the grands domaines grew at the expense of the smaller landowners in this period is drawn into question, and the argument is made that large and small properties display complementary rather than antagonistic economic relationships. Close examination of the documents also provides an image of the ancient economy that contradicts familiar assumptions of stability: taxation evolved in response to political and military necessities, and economic actors had to adapt in order to thrive or at least survive in times of fiscal crisis. The article also provides a sense of provincial unity and of a surprisingly equitable and efficient implementation of tax processing in Egypt.

Environmental accounting and sustainable development: a study in some small and medium enterprises industrial estates of Assam, India

The cause of serious effects and concern on the global environmental quality is the development of the urban environment through rapid industrial growth backed by increased and varied consumer preferences. Besides temperature, the urban environment affects many other climatologically parameters detrimental to life in planet. Saying this, Kamrup District is showing growth of small and medium industries which may impact on the environment leading ultimately to shrinkage of the spatial bases of diverse micro and macro ecosystems. The study is a multidisciplinary approach towards the understanding of coexistence of industry, pollution and its effects on environment and sustainability. Therefore the paper attempts to locate the manufacturing SMEs in Amingaon and Bamunimaidan Industrial estates in Kamrup district which may be correlated to ecology due to simultaneous release of large amounts of toxic liquid, solid and gaseous waste into the environment. These problems give rise to a host of complicated situations needing immediate attention and sustainable management. The study accounts for the application of environmental parameters and environmental accounting on balancing environment and industrial growth. It deals with sustainability of manufacturing organizations that can have positive impact on the society. To achieve such objective the study is carried out through distribution of structured questionnaires to all manufacturing enterprises with a comprehensive literature review.

Dynamics of production and export in transformation of tea plantation sector in India

The study was based on secondary published data with effect from 1971 to 2011 with an objective to examine the trends of production and export of tea and growth in India. It was observed that tea sector plays an important role contributing more than 200 crores to the GNP of the country. The major three producing regions are Darjeeling, Assam and Nilgiri. In the recent years, the sector has witnessed a stiff competition in the international export market affecting domestic production. It was observed that China produces 39.00% of world tea followed by India sharing 24.55% with an annual change of 2.87% during 1971–81 to 3.06% during 2001–11. Production of tea in the country was mainly due to increase of area and productivity. Replanted and replacement area could not influence the production of tea significantly. Number of tea estates was found to increase in between 1991–01 at the rate of 74.09% due to inclusion of small tea gardens and it declined from 5.29% to 3.64% during 1961 to 2011. Productivity change was higher in Assam, Tripura, Tamil Nadu and Kerala with high production change during the decades. The area growth during the decades was low. Production share of tea grades like CTC, Darjeeling and Green tea declined over years while share of Orthodox tea increased over years. The country witnessed high annual change of area of tea bushes under the age group of 5 to 10 years followed by below 5 years due to more area put under the small tea estates in the recent years. The export of tea bags as value added tea grew faster from 1971–72 to 2011–12 in terms of quantity and value followed by packet tea. Auction sale in the country declined. Employment generated per estate varied from 191 in Karnataka to 1011 in West Bengal in 2011. The emerging small tea sector has contributed from 5% in early 90’s to 31% during current year and is expected to touch 50% within next few years. It can be concluded that area could influence the production and it needs to be increased under replanting and replacement planting. Steps should also be taken to increase the export of value added tea in the country. The small tea sector should be organised and regulated to make it more productive.

Practical challenges relating to the supervision of small estates

Practical challenges relating to the supervision of small estates

For a return to the Etudes sur les sciences sociales . Local autonomy and territorial wealth according to Sismondi

The article aims to analyse the Etudes sur les sciences sociales , published by Sismondi between 1836 and 1838, conducted in the light of the theses not only of the historians of Italian thinking who have determined the revival of interest in the Genevan’s doctrine, but also of very relevant works on issues of the growth and degrowth of the world economy. In particular, Pioletti focuses attention on the question of the territories: for the social scientist Sismondi at the end of the 1830s, they are functional and ideally constitutional units, where rules and customs apply that alone can deal with the risks of haphazard economic growth. Small localities, small estates: from these elements Sismondi also draws inspiration for an original theory of government – and for the national and local relations in the modern States – which, albeit presenting itself in 1836, was clearly affected by an interest that had been manifested in the historiographic field from 1807.

Chained to the Title: Why the UPC Should Allow Real Property to Transfer by Small Estate Affidavit

This Note questions whether the Uniform Probate Code must necessarily exclude real property from small estates, and proposes that the UPC adopt a change, similar to Indiana’s deviation, that allows real property to be considered an asset for small estates. This Note also discusses the background of the UPC, the probate process, and the housing market. This note additionally provides an analysis of transferring the title of low-value real property upon death. Finally, this Note provides the contribution of revising the UPC to allow low-value real property to transfer by small estate affidavit.

Delay in Islamic Inheritance Claim – An Ignorance Issue

Claiming rights to Islamic inheritance persists to be a problem to Muslims even after the Federation of Malaya has obtained its independence from the British. The legal system has been regarded as the venue most likely to produce solutions to the time and cost issues in the claims processes. Although Faraid certificates are produced faster now, only minimal improvements to the problem can be attributed to the amendments made to the Small Estates Distribution Act 1955. Syariah laws on inheritance are exposed to only a small segment of students at High School Certificate or Pre-University level; this may explain why clients often display high degree of ignorance of procedures to claim inheritance. To improve law awareness among Malaysians, the government is urged to review the current educational policies on Islamic studies and broaden the target group to include high school and university students. This paper wishes to emphasize the ability of the NFP model to describe accurately the flow of processes in the administration and distribution Islamic inheritance and find the shortest route through the network. It can clearly represent stages and processes, indicate correct order of activities and show duration of activities in the administration and distribution of Islamic inheritance. Most importantly, it has been designed to be Syariah-compliant. Therefore, the model can help clients to minimize time and money spent on claim processes and serve as an aid to teaching and learning on the management and distribution of Islamic inheritance at higher institutions of learning.