Small Component Research Articles

Binary of Major Character and Minor Character in Amruta Patil’s Graphic Novel Sauptik: A Deconstructive Study

A novel is an organic whole and even its smaller components have significant roles to play. The bigger body components in a human are the head, the heart, the arms, and the legs. Minor parts include the fingers, ears, and eyes. A man who is blind, deaf, or without fingers may live a long life, but he will undoubtedly be inferior to a person with a well-built body. The same is true of a novel. It cannot gain a great readership if the smaller characters are missing or are not properly recognised. Minor characters are often not the main focus of a literary work, but they are crucial to a story’s advancement since they make the narrative move. By spurring the primary characters’ behaviour, they can influence how the story of the novel develops. They occasionally contribute to the novel’s central conflict, but they also frequently aid in its conclusion. There are a number of supporting characters who contribute to the development of Amruta Patil’s Sauptik. This paper demonstrates the significance of all secondary characters in this work, in addition to the main ones, for the unfolding of the story. For meeting this purpose this paper employs Jacques Derrida’s concept of deconstruction to deconstruct the binary of major characters and minor characters.

Comparative Analysis of Huffman Coding Implementations for Efficient Data Communication Using Greedy and Divide-and-Conquer Techniques

Efficient data compression techniques are required to minimize storage and processing overhead due to modern systems' growing amount of data. Huffman Coding is a lossless compression technique that maintains data integrity by assigning shorter bit codes to characters appearing frequently, reducing size. Our analysis focuses on two implementation methodologies: greedy technique and divide and conquer. To find efficient solutions, divide-and-conquer algorithms partition problems into smaller components. In contrast, greedy algorithms strive to attain the utmost attainable result at each level. Our extensive investigation centers on the timing and space intricacies of diverse methodologies, enabling a comparative analysis that underscores their respective merits and drawbacks.

Sequential oxidation procedures with KMnO4: Component characteristics of labile reducing capacity fractions in anaerobic sediments

Reducing substances are a mixture of different forms and types and play extremely important roles in manipulating the redox status of sediments, benthic habitats, and substance exchanges at the sediment-water interface in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about their abundance, forms, and reducibility in sediments. In this study, the procedures were developed to sequentially fractionate sediment reducing capacity (RC) fractions with the pH dependence of KMnO4 oxidability. The procedures were then applied to 60 sediments from 2 lakes and 3 reservoirs, generating an RCpH7.0 fraction (oxidized at ~0.48 V [reference: SHE]) and an RCpH2.0 fraction (oxidized at ~0.95 V [reference: SHE]), and the component of each fraction was characterized. The RCpH7.0 fraction amounted to 45.4 ± 25.9 cmol e−·kg−1 DW, and the RCpH2.0 fraction amounted to 42.8 ± 22.9 cmol e−·kg−1 DW; fraction sizes depended greatly on sediment origin. Reducing organic substances (ROS) were the main contributors to the RC fractions, with mean value of 30.0 ± 24.1 and 38.5 ± 22.2 cmol e−·kg−1 DW in RCpH7.0 (% contribution: 68.0 ± 5.3 % of RCpH7.0) and RCpH2.0 (90.0 ± 1.5 % of RCpH2.0), respectively. The next contributor was Fe(II), with mean value of 13.5 ± 8.2 and 3.8 ± 3.7 cmol e−·kg−1 DW in RCpH7.0 (28.3 ± 5.2 %) and in RCpH2.0 (9.9 ± 8.6 %), respectively. The smallest component was sulfide (Sn), which had a mean of 2.0 ± 3.1 cmol e−·kg−1 DW in RCpH7.0 and was essentially negligible in RCpH2.0. The number of electrons lost per mole of reducing substances (Ni) differed between the two RC fractions and among sediments of different origins. NROS was lower in the RCpH7.0 fraction (0.22 ± 0.09) compared to the RCpH2.0 fraction (0.31 ± 0.12) and significantly related to levels of active Fe(III) and sulfides (Sn) (p < 0.05). The opposite pattern was seen for NFe(II) and NSn. Based on the compositive reducing capacity (CRC) for the RCpH7.0 fraction, sediment redox status could be classified as ROS-Fe(II) (3.8 ± 1.7 cmol e−·kg−1 DW) or ROS-Sn (10.1 ± 4.8 cmol e−·kg−1 DW) (weaker vs. stronger, respectively; p < 0.01). The RC-based index provides a more comprehensive perspective on characterizing sediment redox status compared to the Eh.

Relevance of Finite Element Method in Dentistry Finite with Infinite Possibilities

This narrative review gives an insight into the Finite Element Method (FEM) and its principles comprehensible from a dentist’s point of view along with its applications in different specialties of dentistry. FEM is a method for simulating the behavior of a physical system mathematically. For this, a complex structure is broken down into several smaller components (elements) while still retaining its original characteristics. Subsequently, differential equations are used to explain and solve each component. With the advent of FEM, it became easier to comprehend various elements of oral biomechanics. Biomechanical studies designed in partnership with skilled computer engineers and experienced clinicians not only provide a better insight into the mechanisms of stress distribution but also help prepare customized treatment plans that cater to the requirements of individual patients.

High-Performance Parallel Computing for Scientific Simulations

One essential strategy for overcoming the difficulties of contemporary scientific simulations is High-Performance Parallel Computing, or HPPC. In order to handle massive information and solve complicated equations, these simulations—which mimic complex phenomena like weather patterns, fluid dynamics, and biological systems—require enormous processing resources. By dividing tasks into smaller components and processing them concurrently, HPPC enables scientists to answer issues more quickly and precisely. Research in several disciplines, including biology, environmental science, engineering, and physics, is greatly advanced by this type of computer.

Latent Variable Modeling of Social Networks with Directional Relations: An Exploration of Profile Similarity of Latent Factors

Statistical analysis of networks has gained increasing popularity in social and psychological sciences. This study introduces a latent variable model for self-reported directional relations within social networks, specifically focusing on predicting relationships based on actor attributes and latent traits. In a directional relation, the initiator is termed the “sender,” and the recipient is the “receiver.” Traditional symmetric similarity measures, such as Mahalanobis distance, often fall short of capturing the nuanced impact of sender and receiver latent traits in these scenarios. To overcome this limitation, we propose four distinct measures of trait similarity ( p sender , p receiver , m sender , and m receiver ), aiming to discern subtle distinctions between the impact of senders and receivers characteristics on the perceived social relations. We demonstrate the applicability and relevance of these measures in real-world network scenarios by applying our proposed framework to analyze a college friendship network. Among competing models, our findings affirm a potential non-linear trend between personality similarity and perceived friendship. Notably, the quadratic model with m receiver ( Q 8 ) outperformed others, exhibiting both significant linear and quadratic terms. Our results underscore the significance of the projected components of the receiver’s personality along with the sender’s orientation, with larger and smaller components both indicating a higher probability of perceived friendship.

Cellulose Membranes: Synthesis and Applications for Water and Gas Separation and Purification.

Membranes are a selective barrier that allows certain species (molecules and ions) to pass through while blocking others. Some rely on size exclusion, where larger molecules get stuck while smaller ones permeate through. Others use differences in charge or polarity to attract and repel specific species. Membranes can purify air and water by allowing only air and water molecules to pass through, while preventing contaminants such as microorganisms and particles, or to separate a target gas or vapor, such as H2 and CO2, from other gases. The higher the flux and selectivity, the better a material is for membranes. The desirable performance can be tuned through material type (polymers, ceramics, and biobased materials), microstructure (porosity and tortuosity), and surface chemistry. Most membranes are made from plastic from petroleum-based resources, contributing to global climate change and plastic pollution. Cellulose can be an alternative sustainable resource for making renewable membranes. Cellulose exists in plant cell walls as natural fibers, which can be broken down into smaller components such as cellulose fibrils, nanofibrils, nanocrystals, and cellulose macromolecules through mechanical and chemical processing. Membranes made from reassembling these particles and molecules have variable pore architecture, porosity, and separation properties and, therefore, have a wide range of applications in nano-, micro-, and ultrafiltration and forward osmosis. Despite their advantages, cellulose membranes face some challenges. Improving the selectivity of membranes for specific molecules often comes at the expense of permeability. The stability of cellulose membranes in harsh environments or under continuous operation needs further improvement. Research is ongoing to address these challenges and develop advanced cellulose membranes with enhanced performance. This article reviews the microstructures, fabrication methods, and potential applications of cellulose membranes, providing some critical insights into processing-structure-property relationships for current state-of-the-art cellulosic membranes that could be used to improve their performance.

Dysregulation of persistent inward and outward currents in spinal motoneurons of symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice.

Persistent inward currents (PICs) and persistent outward currents (POCs) regulate the excitability and firing behaviours of spinal motoneurons (MNs). Given their potential role in MN excitability dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), PICs have been previously studied in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-G93A mice (the standard animal model of ALS); however, conflicting results have been reported on how the net PIC changes during disease progression. Also, individual PICs and POCs have never been examined before in symptomatic ALS. To fill this gap, we measured the net and individual PIC and POC components of wild-type (WT) and SOD MNs in current clamp and voltage clamp during disease progression (assessed by neuroscores). We show that SOD MNs of symptomatic mice experience a much larger net PIC, relative to WT cells from age-matched littermates. Specifically, the Na+ and Ca2+ PICs are larger, whereas the lasting SK-mediated (SKL) POC is smaller than WT (Na+ PIC is the largest and SKL POC is the smallest components in SOD MNs). We also show that PIC dysregulation is present at symptom onset, is sustained throughout advanced disease stages and is proportional to SOD MN cell size (largest dysregulation is in the largest SOD cells, the most vulnerable in ALS). Additionally, we show that studying disease progression using neuroscores is more accurate than using SOD mouse age, which could lead to misleading statistics and age-based trends. Collectively, this study contributes novel PIC and POC data, reveals ionic mechanisms contributing to the vulnerability differential among MN types/sizes, and provides insights on the roles PIC and POC mechanisms play in MN excitability dysfunction in ALS. KEY POINTS: Individual persistent inward currents (PICs) and persistent outward currents (POCs) have never been examined before in spinal motoneurons (MNs) of symptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice. Thus, we contribute novel PIC and POC data to the ALS literature. Male SOD MNs of symptomatic mice have elevated net PIC, with larger Na+ and Ca2+ PICs but reduced SKL POC vs. wild-type littermates. Na+ PIC is the largest and SKL POC is the smallest current in SOD cells. The PIC/POC dysregulation is present at symptom onset. PIC dysregulation is sustained throughout advanced disease, and is proportional to SOD MN size (largest dysregulation is in the largest cells, the most vulnerable in ALS). Thus, we reveal ionic mechanisms contributing to the vulnerability differential among MN types/sizes in ALS. Studying disease progression using SOD mice neuroscores is more accurate than using age, which could distort the statistical differences between SOD and WT PIC/POC data and the trends during disease progression.

Implementing an advanced team-based care model in a federally qualified health center (FQHC): Assessing implementation facilitators and challenges

ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to assess implementation facilitators and challenges for advanced team-based care (aTBC) in a federally qualified health center (FQHC). In aTBC, care team coordinators room patients, perform vitals and agenda setting during patient intake, and remain present alongside providers during patient visits. MethodsThe authors conducted a qualitative post-hoc analysis of the aTBC implementation using data from several sources. They used content analysis to code items as facilitators or challenges and thematic analysis to group those into larger themes. Finally, they applied a priori codes from the revised consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) to organize the facilitators and barriers into subdomains. ResultsThe existing evidence-base around aTBC, the FQHC's ability to pilot and adapt it, and strong implementation leads were key facilitating factors. Challenges included an external shock (i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic), aTBC complexity, and uncertainty about whether success required implementation of the full model versus easier-to-integrate smaller components. ConclusionsFQHCs that wish to implement aTBC models need strong champions and internal structures for piloting, adapting, and disseminating interventions. FQHC leaders must think strategically about how to build support and demonstrate success to improve an FQHC's chances of expanding and sustaining aTBC.

Analysis of Supercapacitors in Renewable Energy Systems for Managing Power Fluctuations

Environmental decarbonization drives the world to find better ways to generate and store energy. Sustainable energy in the form of solar and wind is explored with the use of conventional energy storage systems (batteries) to close the gap. Green energy generation is weather-dependent, leading to power output fluctuations, and the short-term variability in irradiance adversely affects the system’s energy output and reliability. Standalone operation of a generating system necessitates a storage energy unit that manages transient loading and effectively shares power between the load and energy storage. This article presents an approach to managing energy fluctuations when renewable energy sources fluctuate, this occurs when short-term variability in irradiance, and transient loading occurs. The approach uses supercapacitors as a short-term energy storage solution. The proposed configuration has the following key advantages: effective power sharing, rapid charge, and discharge cycles in supercapacitors result in voltage restoration under transient conditions. The performance of the system is confirmed in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed study confirms that integrating supercapacitors with PV systems does provide significant power oscillation management when sudden variations occur in renewable sources. A practical test was performed using smaller components following the same concept, and the results supported the hypothesis. The results show that the output voltage is managed when oscillation in irradiance occurs. This is seen in the simulation without supercapacitors when the output voltage fluctuates between 100 and 450 V within the first second of the simulation; however, with the introduction of SC, the voltage becomes stable and maintains an output of 620 V within 0.02 seconds. This is further supported by the experimental outcomes where almost 50% of the solar panel is covered and the output voltage is maintained.

Multistep kinetic analysis of additive-enhanced plastic degradation

In the realm of non-isothermal degradation kinetics, the utilization of multi-heating rate data has unveiled a fascinating distributed apparent activation energy (Eα) profile when employing isoconversional methods. The advanced isoconversional method (AIC) emerges as a reliable tool, offering Eα values that evolve as chemical reactions progresses. This phenomenon finds its roots in the complex solid-state degradation of plastics, where long-chain hydrocarbons undergo intricate transformations into smaller components through a web of parallel and sequential reactions under the influence of heat. To comprehensively characterize this multifaceted kinetic process, variable pre-exponential factor (A) values were calculated, considering all available heating rate data, in conjunction with the isoconversional principle. These factors complement the changing Eα values, providing crucial insights into the evolving material transformations throughout the reaction. Remarkably, our investigation revealed that in the initial degradation stage, centered around the breakdown of Brominated Flame Retardant (BFR), the reaction follows a contracting spherical model (R3). Transitioning to the subsequent stage, the polymer material undergoes degradation following the diffusion model D4. The incorporation of the isoconversional principle and Criados' masterplot technique effectively facilitates the precise determination of all three kinetic parameters. The process layout we present holds considerable promise for advancing the understanding and control of complex kinetic phenomena.

ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE AND FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF MICROFRONTENDS

Microfrontends represent a trend in the development of the visible part of a web application (frontend), which consists in breaking a monolithic application into separate, semantically independent blocks, developed independently of each other. Each component of a web page or application operates according to specially designed logic, and each of them can be developed, tested and deployed as a standalone application. The main goal of this approach is to facilitate the support and development of large applications that are worked on by different teams. Dividing large projects (“monoliths”) into smaller components has become a traditional approach to reducing the complexity of developing and maintaining software systems. The article examines the features of microfrontends, presents the results of an analysis of the performance of the most popular frameworks for creating microfrontends, and also identifies the features of the microfrontend development team.

Structural Design for EMI Shielding: From Underlying Mechanisms to Common Pitfalls.

Modern human civilization deeply relies on the rapid advancement of cutting-edge electronic systems that have revolutionized communication, education, aviation, and entertainment. However, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by digital systems poses a significant threat to the society, potentially leading to a future crisis. While numerous efforts are made to develop nanotechnological shielding systems to mitigate the detrimental effects of EMI, there is limited focus on creating absorption-dominant shielding solutions. Achieving absorption-dominant EMI shields requires careful structural design engineering, starting from the smallest components and considering the most effective electromagnetic wave attenuating factors. This review offers a comprehensive overview of shielding structures, emphasizing the critical elements of absorption-dominant shielding design, shielding mechanisms, limitations of both traditional and nanotechnological EMI shields, and common misconceptions about the foundational principles of EMI shielding science. This systematic review serves as a scientific guide for designing shielding structures that prioritize absorption, highlighting an often-overlooked aspect of shielding science.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Mn–Cd alloy fabricated by CMT-wire arc additive manufacturing

The high-performance additive manufacturing of relatively small aluminum alloy components has been widely proven successful. However, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has always been challenging in achieving uniform microstructure and high mechanical properties when manufacturing large-sized parts. Therefore, this study used cold metal transition wire arc additive manufacturing (CMT-WAAM) to prepare Al-5.49Cu-0.4Mn-0.29Cd (ACMC) alloy to obtain a uniform microstructure and improve its mechanical properties. The results show that the as-deposited (AD) samples have an obvious layered deposited structure. The grains in the microstructure are all equiaxed crystals and a large amount of copper-rich eutectic phase precipitates at the grain boundaries. After heat treatment, the vast majority of the eutectic phase dissolves, and θ'phase, with a size of 100–200 nm, uniformly precipitates in the α-Al matrix. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) of the heat-treated (HT) specimen can reach 483.7 MPa and 412.3 MPa, respectively. There is no significant difference in the mechanical properties between the transverse and longitudinal directions of thin-walled samples. Based on experimental results and theoretical analysis, the strengthening mechanism and fracture mechanism of CMT-WAAM aluminum alloy were revealed. This work provides a theoretical basis for the microstructure optimization and mechanical performance improvement of ACMC alloy, which is of great significance for the high-performance preparation of large-sized components in the aerospace field.

Fragmentation of Public Contracts and Integrity

This article explores the impact of dividing government contracts into smaller components, highlighting the risks it poses to transparency and integrity in public procurement. Contract fragmentation can obscure decision-making process regarding public expenditure, reduce healthy competition, and facilitate corruption. Real-world examples illustrate these issues. The analysis highlights the need for strengthening public procurement regulations, increasing transparency, and promoting ethical conduct to mitigate these risks. By understanding the complex relationship between contract fragmentation and integrity, decision-makers and stakeholders can better protect public resources by promoting a fairer and more transparent business environment and upholding ethical standards in public procurement.

HD\,7977 and its possible influence on Solar System bodies

In the latest Gaia third data release, one can find extremely small proper motion components for the star HD\,7977. This, together with the radial velocity measurement lead to the conclusion that this star passed very close to the Sun in the recent past. Such a very close approach of a one solar mass star must have resulted in noticeable changes in the motion of all Solar System bodies, especially those on less tight orbits, namely long-period comets (LPCs) and transneptunian objects (TNOs). We estimate and discuss these effects. Our current knowledge on the solar neighbourhood found in the latest Gaia catalogues allowed us to perform numerical integrations and prepare a list of potential stellar perturbers of LPCs. We used this list, made available in the StePPeD database. To study the past motion of LPCs under the simultaneous action of the Galactic potential and passing stars, we used precise original cometary orbits taken from the current CODE catalogue. We examined the reliability of the extremely small proper motion of HD\,7977 and conclude that this star can be an unresolved binary; however, according to the astrometry covering more than a century, the current Gaia data cannot be ruled out. We present the parameters of a very close passage of this star near the Sun. We also show examples of the strong influence of this passage on the past motion of some LPCs. We also discuss the possible influence of this perturber on other Solar System bodies. It is possible that 2.47 Myr ago the one solar mass star HD\,7977 passed as close as 1000 au from the Sun. Such an event constitutes a kind of dynamical horizon for all studies of the past Solar System bodies' dynamics.

Design and build an airbag system for elderly fall protection using the MPU6050 sensor module

The use of technology has a significant impact to reduce the consequences of accidents. Sensors, small components that detect interactions experienced by various components, play a crucial role in this regard. This study focuses on how the MPU6050 sensor module can be used to detect the movement of people who are falling, defined as the inability of the lower body, including the hips and feet, to support the body effectively. An airbag system is proposed to reduce the impact of a fall. The data processing method in this study involves the use of a threshold value to identify falling motion. The results of the study have identified a threshold value for falling motion, including an acceleration relative (AR) value of less than or equal to 0.38 g, an angle slope of more than or equal to 40 degrees, and an angular velocity of more than or equal to 30 °/s. The airbag system is designed to inflate faster than the time of impact, with a gas flow rate of 0.04876 m3 /s and an inflating time of 0.05 s. The overall system has a specificity value of 100%, a sensitivity of 85%, and an accuracy of 94%.

Unified construction of relativistic Hamiltonians.

It is shown that the four-component (4C), quasi-four-component (Q4C), and exact two-component (X2C) relativistic Hartree-Fock equations can be implemented in a unified manner by making use of the atomic nature of the small components of molecular 4-spinors. A model density matrix approximation can first be invoked for the small-component charge/current density functions, which gives rise to a static, pre-molecular mean field to be combined with the one-electron term. As a result, only the nonrelativistic-like two-electron term of the 4C/Q4C/X2C Fock matrix needs to be updated during the iterations. A "one-center small-component" approximation can then be invoked in the evaluation of relativistic integrals, that is, all atom-centered small-component basis functions are regarded as extremely localized near the position of the atom to which they belong such that they have vanishing overlaps with all small- or large-component functions centered at other nuclei. Under these approximations, the 4C, Q4C, and X2C mean-field and many-electron Hamiltonians share precisely the same structure and accuracy. Beyond these is the effective quantum electrodynamics Hamiltonian that can be constructed in the same way. Such approximations lead to errors that are orders of magnitude smaller than other sources of errors (e.g., truncation errors in the one- and many-particle bases as well as uncertainties of experimental measurements) and are, hence, safe to use for whatever purposes. The quaternion forms of the 4C, Q4C, and X2C equations are also presented in the most general way, based on which the corresponding Kramers-restricted open-shell variants are formulated for "high-spin" open-shell systems.

Erinacine S, a small active component derived from Hericium erinaceus, protects oligodendrocytes and alleviates mood abnormalities in cuprizone-exposed rodents

Hericium erinaceus mycelium extract (HEM), containing erinacine A (HeA) and erinacine S (HeS), has shown promise in promoting the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), crucial for myelin production in the central nervous system (CNS). The main aim of this study was to characterize the protective effects of HEM and its components on OLs and myelin in demyelinating rodents by exposure to cuprizone (CPZ), a copper chelating agent commonly used to induce demyelination in the corpus callosum of the brain. Rats were fed by CPZ-containing diet and simultaneously orally administered HEM, HeA, or HeS on a daily basis for three weeks. We found that HEM and HeS preserved myelin and OLs in the corpus callosum of CPZ-fed rats, along with reduced microglia and astrocyte activation, and downregulated IL-1β expression. Furthermore, post-treatment with HeS, in mouse models with acute (6 weeks) or chronic (12 weeks) CPZ-induced demyelination demonstrated oral administration during the final 4 weeks (HeS4/6 or HeS4/12) effectively preserved myelin in the corpus callosum. Additionally, HeS4/6 and HeS4/12 inhibited anxious and depressive-like behaviors in CPZ-fed mice. In summary, simultaneous administration of HEM and HeS in rats during short-term CPZ intoxication preserved OLs and myelin. Furthermore, post-administration of HeS not only inhibited demyelination and gliosis but also alleviated anxiety and depression in both acute and chronic CPZ-fed mice. This study presents compelling evidence supporting the potential of HeS as a promising small active compound for protecting OLs and preserving myelin in demyelinating diseases associated with emotional disorders.

Complexation-driven assembly of imine-linked helical receptors showing adaptive folding and temperature-dependent guest selection

The development of synthetic receptors capable of selectively binding guests with diverse structures and multiple functional groups poses a significant challenge. Here, we present the efficient assembly of foldamer-based receptors for monosaccharides, utilising the principles of complexation-induced equilibrium shifting and adaptive folding. Diimine 4 can be quantitatively assembled from smaller components when d-galactose is added as a guest among monosaccharides we examined. During this assembly, dual complexation-induced equilibrium shifts toward both the formation of diimine 4 and the conversion of d-galactose into α-d-galactofuranose are observed. Diimine 6 is quantitatively assembled in the presence of two different guests, methyl β-d-glucopyranoside and methyl β-d-galactopyranoside, resulting in the formation of two dimeric complexes: (6-MP)2⊃(methyl β-d-glucopyranoside)2 and (6-MM)2⊃(methyl β-d-galactopyranoside∙2H2O)2, respectively. These two complexes exhibit distinct folding structures with domain-swapping cavities depending on the bound guest and temperature. Interestingly, (6-MM)2⊃(methyl β-d-galactopyranoside∙2H2O)2 is exclusively formed at lower temperatures, while (6-MP)2⊃(methyl β-d-glucopyranoside)2 is only formed at higher temperatures.