Small Component Research Articles

Perspectiva filosófica sobre o desenvolvimento artístico e o pensamento histórico da animação

Abstract: In the context of the “era of image reading”, animation is also a modern product, and Chinese animation has always been “transmitting images through images”. Chinese animation has become accustomed to borrowing cartoons from countries, such as Japan or European ones, and their creativity in animation thinking has been greatly suppressed, which is a devastating blow. By tracing the origin of animation thinking from a philosophical perspective, the evolution of human thinking and expression can be further understood. This helps researchers understand the evolution and evolving innovations of human culture, and thus better understand the relationship among culture, art and philosophy. Object thinking emphasizes breaking down complex problems into smaller components, namely objects. In animation, this can be interpreted as breaking down complex scenes and actions into separate objects, characters and elements. This object abstraction and correlation help animators better understand and design the interactions among characters, the movement of objects and the dynamics of the overall animation. Although the study of “Xiang thinking” has developed in the history of philosophy, it has not been directly related to the tracing of animation thinking and artistic reconstruction. In fact, it has a significant impact on animation thinking. Through the philosophical text analysis of animation works, researchers can dig out the philosophical themes, symbols and meanings in animation. This may include the interpretation of a particular animated work and how certain philosophical thoughts are expressed through the narrative, characters, visual elements, etc. Therefore, the study of object thinking has important practical significance for explaining the uniqueness of animation thinking. One of the goals of research may be to discover the intertextuality between animation and philosophy, which includes exploring how philosophical writings and thoughts are represented in animation, and accordingly, how animation affects philosophical thinking.

UTP23 Is a Promising Prognostic Biomarker and Is Associated with Immune Infiltration in Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the malignant tumors with a high incidence and mortality rate among women worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing year by year, posing a serious health risk to women. UTP23 (UTP23 Small Subunit Processome Component) is a nucleolar protein that is essential for ribosome production. As we all know, disruption of ribosome structure and function results in improper protein function, affecting the body's normal physiological processes and promoting cancer growth. However, little research has shown a connection between UTP23 and cancer. We analyzed the mRNA expression of UTP23 in normal tissue and breast cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the protein expression of UTP23 using The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Next, we examined the relationship between UTP23 high expression and Overall Survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier Plotters and enriched 980 differentially expressed genes in UTP23 high and low expression samples using GO/KEGG and GSEA to identify potential biological functions of UTP23 and signaling pathways that it might influence. Finally, we also investigated the relationship between UTP23 and immune infiltration and examined the effect of UTP23 on the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines by knocking down UTP23. We found that UTP23 levels in breast cancer patient samples were noticeably greater than those in healthy individuals and that high UTP23 levels were strongly linked with poor prognoses (P = 0.008). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that UTP23 expression was connected to the humoral immune response. Besides, UTP23 expression was found to be positively correlated with immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, UTP23 knockdown has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and HCC-1806. Taken together, our study demonstrated that UTP23 is a promising target in detecting and treating breast cancer and is intimately linked to immune infiltration.

Morphology-controlled synthesis of novel nanostructured Li4P2O7 with enhanced Li-ion conductivity for all-solid-state battery applications.

Mechanical stiffness of oxide-type solid-electrolytes is a major drawback which has hindered their practical application in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries to date. Despite their enhanced structural and electrochemical stabilities, lack of deformability of fast-ion conducting oxides impedes the integration of these materials in bulk-type solid-state cells. Deformable solid-electrolytes such as sulfides, on the other hand, lack sufficient electrochemical stability in contact with conventional cathodes. This has recently triggered a search for new materials that combine high ion-conductivity, deformability and sufficient electrochemical stability. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel form of Li4P2O7 that can be densified by cold-pressing and possesses an ion conductivity that is two orders of magnitude higher than conventional Li4P2O7 phases. The material is synthesized by a combination of microwave synthesis and chemical lithiation and adopts a nanostructured morphology with a small amorphous component. The material is electrochemically stable at voltages >5 V vs. Li+/Li, which suggests safe use with high-voltage cathodes. The newly-synthesized material is therefore a bulk, deformable analogue of LiPON, with comparable ion conductivity and phase stability. This research highlights the potential of using novel low-temperature synthetic routes to control the morphology and enhance the electrochemical performance of conventional functional materials.

Review of: "The speed of growth of this industry is such that with the smaller components, the number of transistors in the unit area of ​​each semiconductor chip and nanochips has increased"

Review of: "The speed of growth of this industry is such that with the smaller components, the number of transistors in the unit area of ​​each semiconductor chip and nanochips has increased"

Investing in a leveraged world

PurposeThroughout the 21st century, US households have experienced unprecedented levels of leverage. This dynamic has been exacerbated by income shortfalls during the COVID-19 crisis. Leveraging and deleveraging decisions affect household consumption. This study investigates the effect of the dynamics of household leverage and consumption on the stock market.Design/methodology/approachThe authors explore the relation between household leverage and consumption in the context of the consumption capital asset pricing model (CCAPM). The authors test the model's implication that leverage has a negative risk premium by transforming the asset pricing restriction into an unconditional linear factor model and estimate the model using the general method of moments procedure. The authors run time-series regressions to estimate individual stocks' exposures to leverage, and cross-sectional regressions to investigate the leverage risk premium.FindingsThe authors show that shocks to household debt have strong and lasting effects on consumption growth. The authors extend the CCAPM to accommodate this effect and find, using various test assets, a negative risk premium associated with household deleveraging. Looking at individual stocks the authors show that the deleveraging risk premium is not explained by well-known risk factors.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on the role of leverage in economics and finance by establishing a relation between household leverage and spending decisions. The authors provide novel evidence that households' leveraging and deleveraging decisions can be a fundamental and influential force in determining asset prices. Further, this paper argues that household leverage might explain the small, persistent, and predictable component in consumption growth hypothesised in the long-run risk asset pricing literature.

Characteristics of Quasi-static and Dynamic Failure of Inconel 625 Superalloy under Simple Shear

The shear flow and failure of a superalloy Inconel 625, conceived for jet engine applications, are investigated by using a modified flat gauge shear specimen with the assistance of Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The constant strain rate shear tests were successfully performed by using a screw driven Zwick machine and a bespoke spilt Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB). Nearly all gauge section is in a uniform strain state at dynamic force equilibrium condition. The constitutive relationships and the crystallographic texture show strain rate dependence. Different from the void growth induced failure at quasi-isothermal condition, the Inconel 625 fails by adiabatic shear at high strain rates. The present shear testing provides an opportunity to study the shear flow and failure of superalloy of small structural components in turbine engine.

The Limiting Parameter for Supporting the Performance Assessment of Small Dams in the Semi-Arid Area

Purpose: This research intends to investigate the influenced parameter to the assessment of small dam performance index. Theoretical reference: The research location is in the semi-arid area of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). One of the provision efforts of water resources in NTT is to utilize the big surface run-off in rainy season by developing the small dam. A small dam is said good or success if it is reviewed due to the physical aspect, there is no damage in the small dam physical components. Method: The methodology consists of constructing the path diagram by using the Smart-PLS software, then the assessment is carried out by using the PLS algorithm and boot strapping for deciding the influenced parameters. Result and Conclusion: The result shows that from 40 indicators on the initial assumption, there are 3 indicators cannot fulfill the validity limitation of loading factor 0.5 that are KBP5 (explanation), PA1 (social in water regulation), and DOP1 (small dam design document). The indicator of valid physical aspect variable is in the 7 components that are embankment condition, small dam storage condition, spillway structure condition, intake structure, distribution network, service basin condition, and completion structure condition. However, the indicator of valid service aspect by 5 components that are the availability of service basin, inflow, volume of inundation, availability of time, and water distribution. The valid variable of operation and maintenance performance aspect includes 3 components that are implementation of operation maintenance activity, guide officer of small dam, the availability of operation maintenance facility, and the valid institution aspect variable includes 2 components that are documentation of operation maintenance and member meeting. Implication of research: For seeing the success, there is needed a model to assess the performance index of small dam. If reviewing from the operational aspect and small dam service, it is said success if it can be used by various party in the scheme of producing the production in each unit of small dam work. Originality/ value: To build a new model for assessing the performance index of small dam.

From Porphyrin-Like Rings to High-Density Single-Atom Catalytic Sites: Unveiling the Superiority of p-C2N for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis.

With effective utilization of the catalytic site, single-atom catalysts (SACs) supported by nitrogen atoms surrounding built-in pores of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as porphyrin/phthalocyanine-based covalent organic frameworks, have been highly promising electrocatalysts in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) processes for the air electrode of the metal-air battery. However, the number of stable single-atom anchoring sites, i.e., accessible single-atom metal sites, has been concerning as a result of the appearance of heterogeneous or large and even supersized pores in substrate materials. 2D porous graphitic carbon nitride (PGCN) with a stronger stability and smaller component is regarded as a more potential alternative owing to similar controllability and designability. In this work, inspired by the robust coordinated TM-N4 environment of porphyrin/phthalocyanine molecules, novel p-C2N with a high density of porphyrin-like organic units is rationally designed. In well-designed p-C2N, a higher homogeneity and uniformity of coordination sites can enhance the electrocatalytic activity in the whole catalytic material and better prevent SACs from sintering and agglomerating into thermodynamically stable nanoclusters. Utilizing density functional theory (DFT), the stability of the p-C2N monolayer, TM@p-C2N, and OER/ORR catalytic activities of TM@p-C2N (TM including Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au) are systematically evaluated. Among them, Ir@p-C2N (0.31 V of the OER and 0.36 V of the ORR), Co@p-C2N (0.47 and 0.22 V), and Rh@p-C2N (0.55 and 0.27 V) are screened as promising SACs for the bifunctional ORR and OER. The proposal of p-C2N guides a new direction for the development of TM-N-C-based SAC bifunctional electrocatalysts.

A Biodegradable "One-For-All" Nanoparticle for Multimodality Imaging and Enhanced Photothermal Treatment of Breast Cancer.

Silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NP) hold promise for various optical-based biomedical applications, such as near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, photoacoustics (PA), and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, their NIR absorbance is relatively low, and previous formulations are synthesized using toxic precursors under harsh conditions and are not effectively cleared due to their large size. Herein, sub-5nm Ag2S-NP are synthesized and encapsulated in biodegradable, polymeric nanoparticles (AgPCPP). All syntheses are conducted using biocompatible, aqueous reagents under ambient conditions. The encapsulation of Ag2S-NP in polymeric nanospheres greatly increases their NIR absorbance, resulting in enhanced optical imaging and PTT effects. AgPCPP nanoparticles exhibit potent contrast properties suitable for PA and NIRF imaging, as well as for computed tomography (CT). Furthermore, AgPCPP nanoparticles readily improve the conspicuity of breast tumors in vivo. Under NIR laser irradiation, AgPCPP nanoparticles significantly reduce breast tumor growth, leading to prolonged survival compared to free Ag2S-NP. Over time, AgPCPP retention in tissues gradually decreases, without any signs of acute toxicity, providing strong evidence of their safety and biodegradability. Therefore, AgPCPP may serve as a "one-for-all" theranostic agent that degrades into small components for excretion after fulfilling diagnostic and therapeutic tasks, offering good prospects for clinical translation.

Quantifying the Thermochemistry of Kinetic Transitions in a Solid-State Charged Li/Llzo/LCO Cell Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry

It is a general understanding that removal of combustible organic solvent with the introduction of solid-state electrolytes would make a battery safer. However, safety in solid state batteries is multifaceted and involves analysis of self-heating rates, total generated energy, thermal runaway onset temperature, maximum temperature, and thermal runaway prevention mechanisms1,2. The use of reactive lithium metal as the anode, and cathode material such as LiCoO2 that releases O2 when heated in its delithiated state, results in conditions in which the exothermic reaction 4Li+O2→2Li2O may occur if these reactants come into contact. We measure heat flow data using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and hermetically sealed DSC pans to establish a reaction thermochemistry responsible for self-heating of LixCoO2|LLZO|Li metal cell, with x=0.43 (which corresponds to 4.3V vs. Li). While the main exothermic reaction is 4Li+O2→2Li2O when only Li0.43CoO2 is present in the cathode3, a practical solid-state cathode will almost certainly contain conductive carbon and a fluorinated binder. We carry out careful DSC analysis with a range of components and ratios of components to quantify the expected reaction pathway, and amount of heat released, for a cathode that contains Li0.43CoO2, carbon additive, and PVDF binder. We find that the carbon and PVDF strongly influence the reaction pathway upon heating to 500°C in our DSC experiments. Hence, the presence of even small weight fraction components in a solid-state cathode should be considered when evaluating their thermochemistry upon heating.

Competency-Based Medical Curriculum: A Resurgent Paradigm for Medical and Dental Graduates

Present society is characterized by its growing complexity, dynamics and knowledge intensity, which requires professionals who are able to face new situations and problems confidently and expertly. Education faces the problem that knowledge acquisition does not necessarily mean the successful application of the same knowledge. In case of academic professionals, they should possess a broad and profound domain-specific knowledge and skills, the capability to acquire knowledge expeditiously and know-how where and when needed. Learning in a professional context has, therefore, become more important and general academic education is becoming more professional oriented. Medical education is changing to meet the demands of ever evolving health care system. One of these changes is the development and implementation of competency-based medical education (CBME). Competency-based learning and training is an approach to teaching and learning more often used in learning concrete skills than abstract learning. It differs from other non-related approaches in that the unit of learning is extremely fine-grained. Rather than a course or a module, every individual skill or learning outcome (known as a competency) is one single unit. Learners work on one competency at a time, which is likely a small component of a larger learning goal. The student is evaluated on the individual competency and can only move on to other competencies after they have mastered the current skill being learned. After that, higher or more complex competencies are learned to a degree of mastery and are isolated from other topics. Another common component of competency-based learning is the ability to skip learning modules entirely if the learner can demonstrate mastery. This can be determined through prior learning assessment or formative testing. This article pertaining to the discipline of medical education gives a broad overview and elaborates on this emerging competency based medical education approach and its related concepts.

Ultrasound computed tomography image reconstruction with multi-mode aperture matching of ring array

Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) imaging with a ring array holds significant potential for the inspection of small animals, breast tissue, and industrial components. Despite its promise, current techniques face challenges in terms of image quality. This paper presents a multi-mode aperture matching method for USCT image reconstruction with a ring array, aiming to enhance imaging performance. The proposed method utilizes a full ring transducer to transmit signals with a designated sub-aperture, while the receiving sub-aperture is adjusted based on the reference center element. By altering the transmitting and receiving sub-apertures under different conditions, specific imaging effects can be achieved. Experimental validation was conducted using a hair strand of 0.03 mm diameter placed at both center and eccentric positions within the ring array, in conjunction a breast phantom. Image resolution and contrast were assessed using full width at half maximum and contrast-to-noise ratio metrics. The results identified optimal transmitting and receiving sub-aperture matching modes for imaging the hair strand at various positions, and demonstrated the impact of this method on imaging targets at different positions within the breast phantom. These findings and experimental validations provide significant implications for enhancing imaging performance in USCT with a ring array.

Safety of using a large femoral head on thin polyethylene for total hip arthroplasty based on different types of polyethylene

The use of a large femoral head in total hip arthroplasty (THA) to stabilize and reduce the incidence of dislocation is on the increase, but concerns arise when combining them with small acetabular components due to potential mechanical failures in thin polyethylene (PE) liners. A single-institution, retrospective cohort study was conducted on 116 patients with minimum 2-year follow-up who received 36-mm femoral heads and acetabular components ≤ 52 mm, using either remelted highly cross-linked polyethylene (remelted HXLPE) or vitamin E-infused HXLPE (VEPE). Osteolysis and implant loosening were not observed in either group. Although a fracture of the PE liner was observed in each group (1.7%), the clinical outcomes were excellent, as the mean modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) at the last follow-up was 93.5. Moreover, the mean linear wear rates measured by digital imaging software in both groups were low, with 0.035 mm/y in remelted HXLPE and 0.030 mm/y in VEPE. In conclusion, The use of a large femoral head on a thin PE liner can be a viable treatment option in patients who need to prioritize stability; however, careful attention should be paid to mechanical fractures of the PE liner.

Automated Online Deconjugation of Antibody-Drug Conjugate for Small Molecule Drug Profiling

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed by chemically linking highly potent cytotoxic small molecule drugs to monoclonal antibodies of unique specificity for targeted destruction of cancer cells. This innovative class of molecules incurs unique developmental challenges due to its structural complexity of having both small molecule and protein components. The stability of the small molecule payload on the ADC is a critical attribute as it directly relates to product efficacy and patient safety. This study describes the use of an end-to-end automated workflow for effective and robust characterization of the small molecule drug while it is conjugated to the antibody. In this approach, online deconjugation was accomplished by an autosampler user defined program and 1D size exclusion chromatography was utilized to provide separation between small molecule and protein species. The small molecule portion was then trapped and sent to the 2D for separation and quantification by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with identification of impurities and degradants by mass spectrometry. The feasibility of this system was demonstrated on an ADC with a disulfide-based linker. This fully automated approach avoids tedious sample preparation that may lead to sample loss and large assay variability. Under optimized conditions, the method was shown to have excellent specificity, sensitivity (LOD of 0.036 µg/mL and LOQ of 0.144 µg/mL), linearity (0.04 – 72.1 µg/mL), precision (system precision %RSD of 1.7 and method precision %RSD of 3.4), accuracy (97.4% recovery), stability-indicating nature, and was successfully exploited to analyze the small molecule drug on a panel of stressed ADC samples. Overall, the workflow established here offers a powerful analytical tool for profiling the in-situ properties of small molecule drugs conjugated to antibodies and the obtained information could be of great significance for guiding process/formulation development and understanding pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic behavior of ADCs.

Dekonstruksi Makna dan Bahasa dalam Perspektif Jacques Derrida

Advertisement prevalence in society has been increasing throughout its growth. The field of advertising is always evolving in society, with settings and characteristics that are continually advancing. Advertisements has a formidable capacity to captivate individuals by using compelling language in suitable written content. In this scenario, advertising no longer serves as a supplementary component, but rather has evolved into a crucial aspect. The interpretation that arises in individuals' brains about a document or commercial often transforms into a collective and universally comprehended meaning. Deconstruction is a method that involves dissecting established meaning into smaller components, analyzing them, and reconstructing a new meaning that deviates from the commonly accepted understanding. Deconstruction fundamentally reconfigures established meanings into novel interpretations that may be seen as identical, like, or divergent significations. This article examines the principles of deconstruction from the viewpoint of Derrida. Through the adoption and use of advertising and deconstruction, one may get fresh perspectives on the significance and utility of deconstruction in the selection of language and text for commercials.

Reinvestigation of the 1978 Gilf El Kebir earthquake, Egypt

ABSTRACT Four significant earthquakes located in the southern portion of the Western Desert were investigated to better understand the area tectonics. The retrieved solution of 9 December 1978, indicates a pure strike solution by using FOCMEC software, which our solution differs from the solution established in an earlier study. The focal mechanism solutions of the four events in the southern part of the Western Desert demonstrate a strike-slip faulting regime along E-W oriented faults, in contrast to the solutions for earthquakes in Northern Egypt, which exhibited normal faulting mechanisms with small strike-slip components. Forces exerted as a result of differences in the divergent spreading rates along the Red Sea plate boundary North and South of the zone between 22° and 24° N may lead to second-order stress fields. This, in turn causes an E-W shear couple that is directed towards the southern part of the Western Desert and rejuvenation of the E-W trending faults. The 1984 Abu Dabbab earthquake, which occurred near the Red Sea coast South of 24° N, provides support to this argument and exhibited a mechanism similar to the four events that took place in the southern part of the Western Desert.

Exploring Locality in Molecular Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Calculations: A Perspective.

The Dirac-Coulomb-Breit (DCB) operator is widely recognized for its ability to accurately capture relativistic effects and spin-physics in molecular calculations. However, due to its high computational cost, there is a need to develop low-scaling approximations without compromising accuracy. To tackle this challenge, it becomes essential to gain a deeper understanding of the DCB operator's behavior. This work aims to explore local integral approximations, shedding light on the locality of the parts of the charge-current distribution due to the small component. In particular, we propose an atomic Breit approximation that leverages an analysis of the behavior observed in a series of gold chains. Through benchmark studies of metal complexes, we evaluated the accuracy and performance of the proposed atomic Breit approximation. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of the charge-current distribution in terms of its contributions from its AO basis constituents, facilitating the development of low-scaling methods that strike a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.

Implicit and Explicit Modelling: Case Study of EMU (Eastern Mediterranean University) Teacher Educators’ Perceptions and Practice

Implicit and explicit modeling are two approaches commonly used by university teacher educators in their perspective and practice (Kavanagh, S. S., & Grant, T., 2019). These approaches aim to enhance the teaching effectiveness and learning outcomes of pre-service and in-service teachers. Implicit modeling refers to the teacher educators' practice of embodying effective teaching strategies and behaviors in their own instructional practices. Rather than explicitly teaching these strategies, teacher educators demonstrate them through their actions and interactions with students. This approach relies on the power of observation and imitation, allowing aspiring teachers to internalize effective teaching practices without explicitly being told what to do. Teacher educators who adopt implicit modeling often create a positive learning environment, establish respectful relationships with students, demonstrate effective communication skills, and employ instructional strategies that promote critical thinking, collaboration, and reflection (Schutz, P. A., & Davis, H. A., 2020). By observing and engaging with these practices, pre-service and in-service teachers learn to emulate and apply them in their own classrooms. Explicit modeling, on the other hand, involves the direct and intentional instruction of specific teaching strategies and techniques. Teacher educators explicitly teach and explain effective teaching practices to aspiring teachers, breaking them down into smaller components and providing step-by-step guidance. This approach is particularly useful when introducing new or complex teaching strategies that may require explicit instruction and practice. When employing explicit modeling, teacher educators might use various methods such as demonstrations, guided practice, and simulations. They might explicitly explain the rationale behind each strategy, provide examples, and engage in collaborative discussions to deepen the understanding of the concepts being taught. Through this explicit instruction, aspiring teachers gain a clear understanding of effective teaching practices and how to implement them in their own classrooms. In practice, many teacher educators use a combination of both implicit and explicit modeling approaches to cater to the diverse needs and preferences of their learners. They may begin with implicit modeling to establish a foundation of effective teaching practices, followed by explicit modeling to provide a deeper understanding and step-by-step guidance for complex strategies. This combination allows teacher educators to create a comprehensive and scaffolded learning experience for pre-service and in-service teachers (Tejada, F. M., & Leander, K. M., 2022). Overall, implicit, and explicit modeling are valuable approaches employed by university teacher educators. These approaches enhance the professional development of teachers by providing them with real-life examples, demonstrations, and explicit instruction to develop their pedagogical skills and knowledge.

Contrastive and transfer learning-based visual small component inspection in assembly

Deep learning-based visual quality inspection methods have been increasingly adopted in product assembly process. However, the inspection for small component remains a challenging issue due to the small size and difficulty in feature extraction. Meanwhile, due to the large number of assembly scenarios of small components, the dependency on abundant manually labeled training dataset limits the further application of these inspection methods. To mitigate the situation, this paper designs a contrastive and transfer learning-based visual inspection approach to inspect the assembly state of small component. An attention-guided lightweight feature extraction and reconstruction encoder is designed to extract features of small component, of which the deconvolution operation is leveraged to recover the resolution of the feature map, and the bidirectional feature pyramid network algorithm is introduced to effectively fuse multi-scale feature information. Moreover, an unsupervised contrastive pre-training method for the designed encoder is proposed to effectively learn the visual representation of small component. With the use of a little annotated data, the pre-trained encoder can be flexibly fine-tuned and transferred to different small component assembly scenarios. The comparative experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Maximum Acceptable Tilt Angle for Point Autofocus Microscopy.

The complete and accurate acquisition of geometric information forms the bedrock of maintaining high-end instrument performance and monitoring product quality. It is also a prerequisite for achieving the 'precision' and 'intelligence' that the manufacturing industry aspires to achieve. Industrial microscopes, known for their high accuracy and resolution, have become invaluable tools in the precision measurement of small components. However, these industrial microscopes often struggle to demonstrate their advantages when dealing with complex shapes or large tilt angles. This paper introduces a ray-tracing model for point autofocus microscopy, and it provides the quantified relationship formula between the maximum acceptable tilt angle and the beam offset accepted in point autofocus microscopy, then analyzing the maximum acceptable tilt angle of the objects being measured. This novel approach uses the geometric features of a high-precision reference sphere to simulate the tilt angle and displacement of the surface under investigation. The research findings show that the maximum acceptable tilt angles of a point autofocus microscope vary across different measured directions. Additionally, the extent to which the maximum acceptable tilt angles are affected by the distances of the beam offset also varies. Finally, the difference between the experiment results and the theoretical results is less than 0.5°.