A brief description of the large valleys of the Kohala mountains. The valleys are believed larger, and the sea cliff higher, than in the areas farther north and south, because of the greater age of the land surface in the intermediate area. The flat floors of some of the valleys are the result of submergence. Branner invokes elevation of Oahu to explain the topography of Pearl Harbor by drowning of dendritic valleys caused by subaerial erosion in horizontal beds of alternating volcanic tuff and coral. Apart from Pearl harbor, he cites the discovery of coral in deep wells as evidence of subsidence of Oahu and other islands in the group. He disagrees with Dall (1900) on the coral formations around Diamond Head. Branner9s observations show that calcareous sand layers extend to the top of the cone, 700 feet above sea level. Coral sand layers described as horizontal by Dall are actually dipping up to 35 degrees, the roadcuts being parallel to the strike. Branner interprets all the deposits as old sand dunes overlying the Diamond Head tuff and overlain by soil and talus derived from breakdown of the tuffs of the upper part of Diamond Head. He asserts that Dall confuses talus with the tuff in place within Diamond Head cone. Branner disagrees with both Dall and Bishop on the shallow water origin of the Diamond Head tuff. He believes them to be subaerially deposited. He describes small cirques at the top of Diamond Head formed by erosion on the outside of the crater. He describes the cinder cone near the crest of the Koolau Pali as being younger than both the cutting of the Nuuanu Valley and the loss of the northern half of the Koolau Volcano by erosion. He describes a small crater next to Koko Head that differs from Koko Head in being newer and having coral fragments blown out with the tuff. This coral-laden tuff fills valleys eroded into Koko Head. He states that the smaller crater is one of 5 or 6 craters exposed in the sea cliffs, in opposition to Dutton, who described only one crater. Branner shows sections through four water wells, showing layers of clay and coral overlying lava. He concludes by describing an old soil surface with plant fragments and petrified tree trunks overlain by tuffs in the vicinity of Salt Lake Crater.