Small Apartment Research Articles

An Indoor Air Quality Analysis in Newly Constructed Apartments

This study analyzes the indoor air quality inspections of newly constructed apartments by the Busan Institute of Health and Environment for the last three years (2021-2023). Of the 41 inspections, 33 exceeded the recommended standard, and the average excess rate was 80.5%. When classified by measuring households, 148 out of 332 exceeded the standards, whereas, the average excess rate by household was 44.6%. Benzene was exceeded in two out of the 332 households; therefore, the excess rate was only 0.6%. However, the relative standard deviation was the largest, showing as the highest item in the scattergram. The average concentration of toluene was 1,006.0 µg/m3, which was 100.6% of the recommended standard and was exceeded by 138 households; hence, the excess rate was 41.6%. All six items(Formaldehyde, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene, Styrene) reached the highest concentration in spring or summer when the indoor temperature increased. The average concentration of toluene in July was 1,922 µg/m3, close to 1.9 times the recommended standard; toluene is considered an item of particular concern in summer. In the correlation analysis with indoor temperature, the formaldehyde coefficient of determination was 0.4855, regarded as somewhat significant; it was difficult to confirm the correlation with temperature for the other five items, including benzene. In correlation with relative humidity, formaldehyde showed the same tendency as indoor temperature, with a coefficient of determination of 0.4404, which is believed to be due to its small molecular weight and high solubility. Due to the chimney effect, high concentrations of volatile organic compounds could be confirmed at low atmospheric pressure in the upper floors, and this trend was most evident for formaldehyde. For most items(Formaldehyde, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Styrene), a negative correlation was confirmed in which the emission amount decreased as the number of households increased. For large apartment houses, it is believed that it is due to sufficient bake-out and flush-out according to the adequate construction period and the use of eco-friendly and high-end building materials. Small apartments are classified together with many small houses. The emission concentration of small houses is relatively high because the proportion of the surface area where pollutants are released is high.

PORTABLE CLOTHES WASHING MACHINE MODEL DESIGN ARDUINO BASED

The development of electronic technology provides great benefits for the world of electronics and for everyday life. Single chip computers, also called microcontrollers or microcomputers, also provide technology so that many human aids can be created. One of the tools to complete human tasks is washing clothes. Washing clothes is a routine task that humans do almost every day. It is true that automatic clothes washing machines have been created and many people are already using them, but in some cases, for example, people who travel or stay outside the home will find it difficult to carry or own a conventional clothes washing machine because it is large and takes up space to store. The aim of making this tool is to make it easier and simpler for people to use a clothes washing machine and to carry it everywhere. By using the Arduino system, the washing machine which originally used a module was replaced with an Arduino which is definitely simpler to use. Portability Easy to carry and use anywhere, including in dorms, small apartments, or while traveling. Efficiency Saves air and energy compared to general washing machines. Easy to use and operate. Suitable for small clothes: Ideal for washing small and delicate clothes, such as underwear, socks and towels.

Print, Body, and Memory

When I started my Master of Fine Arts degree in 2020, I was interested in how the way memory is perceived and experienced can be expressed through printmaking, both in method and in content. Two months into my studies, South Africa entered a hard lockdown, and universities were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. I lost access to my studio and had to pivot from my usual practice – which required the use of presses, darkrooms, and solvents – to one that could easily be undertaken in a small apartment. I shifted to creating detailed linocuts, which eventually culminated in the production of several large woodcuts in 2021. The production and printing of woodcuts of that size required an unexpected degree of physical engagement. Due to the size of the blocks, I was unable to visually resolve the image I was working on. Touch and frottage became the only way for me to ‘see’ the image I was working on. The haptic engagement with the woodblocks, both in terms of production and perception, inspired the creation of a large-scale installation consisting of 150 graphite rubbings taken from the block, which were exhibited together with the prints and the woodblocks. My heightened awareness of my physical body during the production of the blocks, the subsequent labour of hand printing, and the creation of the frottage installation led me to reconsider my theoretical approach to memory and incorporate its material and physiological aspects into my work.

Evaluating innovative collective heating and cooling concepts by incorporating occupants' preferences for conflicting performance indicators

Various Collective Heating and Cooling Systems (CHCS) have emerged as promising low-carbon energy solutions for buildings. However, the absence of tailored decision guidelines often hinders decision-makers from identifying the optimal system for any given case. This research introduces a novel methodology for comprehensive evaluation of different CHCS under diverse case-specific boundary conditions, leading to informed recommendations. The proposed methodology integrates occupants' preferences for thermal comfort and costs into a holistic Key Performance Indicator (KPI) score, i.e. a weighted sum of normalised indicators including indoor thermal comfort, domestic hot water comfort, and levelised cost of energy. By applying this methodology to evaluate three advanced central change-over temperature CHCS across various building sizes and family types, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach. The results suggest that 4-pipe systems are preferable when prioritising thermal comfort, whereas decentralised booster heat pumps are recommended for cost reduction. Notably, for small apartment buildings inhabited by working families, a 2-pipe system with decentralised storage might be preferred. These insights underscore the importance of incorporating occupants' preferences into multi-objective decision-making. Furthermore, the holistic KPI score methodology can assess different control strategies and provide valuable insights for policymakers when extended with additional indicators.

Comparative Study of the Fire Supervision Arrangements in Apartment Houses

Based on the changes in the shapes of apartment houses over the past decade, as the number of single-person households has increased, the protection of ultra-small and small apartments has increased. The current general supervision of firefighting is based on the number of floors and total floor area. Hence, the scale of supervision is excessive, and additional arrangement standards for auxiliary supervisors are stipulated based on the total floor area, rendering the current general supervision of firefighting unsuitable for the changes in the shapes of apartment houses. Therefore, the target of general supervision should be set at <300 households, and the maximum number of deployments should be reduced to three. Additionally, standards should be set to deploy auxiliary supervisors as the number of households increases, such that fire safety and quality can be secured via practical system improvement.

Geothermal Heat Pump for Space Cooling and Heating in Kuwaiti Climate

Kuwait stands as one of the hottest locations globally, experiencing scorching temperatures that can soar to 50 °C during the summer months. Conversely, in the winter months of December and January, temperatures may plummet to less than 10 °C. Maintaining a comfortable temperature indoors necessitates a substantial amount of energy, particularly during the scorching summer seasons. In Kuwait, most of the electrical energy required for functions such as air conditioning and lighting is derived from fossil fuel resources, contributing to escalating air pollution and global warming. To reduce dependence on conventional energy sources for heating and cooling, this article presents a case study to explore the potential of using geothermal energy for space heating and cooling in Kuwait. The case study involves utilizing a geothermal heat pump (water-sourced heat pump) in conjunction with a vertical-borehole ground heat exchanger (VBGHE). The mentioned system is deployed to regulate the climate in a six-floor apartment block comprising a small two-bedroom apartment on each level, each with a total floor area of 57 m2. Two geothermal heat pumps, each with a cooling capacity of 2.58 kW and a heating capacity of 2.90 kW, connected to two vertical-borehole heat exchangers, were deployed for each apartment to maintain temperatures at 22 °C in winter and 26 °C in summer. The findings indicate that the estimated annual energy loads for cooling and heating for the apartment block are 42,758 kWh and 113 kWh, respectively. The corresponding electrical energy consumption amounted to 9294 kWh for space cooling and 113 kWh for space heating. The observed peak cooling load was approximately 9300 kJ/h (2.58 kW) per apartment, resulting in a power density of 45 W/m2. Moreover, the HP system achieved a 22% reduction in annual electric energy consumption compared to conventional air conditioning systems. This reduction in electric energy usage led to an annual CO2 reduction of 6.6 kg/m2.

What can TikTok tell us about the food practices of the residents of tiny apartments?

With continuing population growth and increased urbanisation, the prevalence of apartment living will also increase. The food practices and diet of apartment residents may differ to those in lower density, detached or semi-detached housing. Food practices may be impacted by physical constraints of apartment kitchens (size, storage, cooking facilities) and the influence of the surrounding community food environment, particularly in smaller apartments. High-rise apartment residents spend a larger proportion of their weekly household budget on eating foods prepared out of the home 1. This is concerning given meals prepared outside the home tend to be of lower diet quality 2 and are associated with higher body weight 3. This study investigated how kitchens, residents’ food practices and hypothesised barriers to healthy eating were portrayed on popular TikTok videos associated with hashtags denoting small apartments. Using the keyword ‘microapartment’, the top four most viewed hashtags relevant to the topic were identified: #studioapartment (190.5 million views), #smallapartment (152.5 million views), #tinyapartment (62 million views), and #microapartment/ #microapartments (4.9 million views combined). The most liked videos (n = 50) from each of these four hashtags and #apartment (as a comparator) were selected for investigation. Using a REDCap survey, two researchers independently coded a random sample of 15 videos, with comparison and discussion to tighten codebook definitions and reduce ambiguity. Subsequently over half of all videos were coded by at least two researchers, achieving acceptable inter-rater reliability (Cohen’s kappa >0.8). Each video was coded for engagement characteristics, user profile, and characteristics of individuals appearing. Further coding included apartment size, kitchen features displayed or mentioned, and food practices (grocery shopping, cooking at home, and eating foods prepared out of the home). Videos were categorised as having positive sentiment if they depicted the apartment in an explicitly positive way, including promoting or encouraging an aspect of apartment living or indicating support for a behaviour. Conversely, videos were coded as being of negative sentiment where they depicted a clear negative position on an aspect of apartment living. Else, the video was coded as neutral sentiment. The majority of videos (87%) portrayed apartment living with a positive or neutral sentiment; with only 2% of videos portraying kitchen size or function negatively. The expected physical constraints of small apartment kitchens were not evident in the videos, nor were interactions with the food environment surrounding the apartment. Indeed, in the small number of videos portraying the food practices of cooking, shopping and eating, the videos highlighted the ability to undertake these practices despite limitations of size and facilities. As the food practices of residents of small apartments are not well researched, it is not known whether their portrayal on TikTok may indeed reflect reality, or may be a glamorisation.

Basic Analysis of Physical Determinants Affecting the Distribution Density of Senior Citizen Centers around Small Apartment Complexes, Focusing on Administrative Districts in Busan

The role of senior citizen centers is becoming more important, with a greater emphasis placed on ensuring that these establishments facilitate leisure and communication for older adults. These developments are taking place as population aging has now become an irreversible global trend. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on predicting the distribution density of senior citizen centers based on physical factors in urban planning. Therefore, this study set each administrative district in Busan as a unit and investigated physical factors affecting the distribution density of senior citizen centers around small apartment complexes to validate their effectiveness. First, the spatial hierarchy of each administrative district in Busan was examined. The city was divided into administrative districts while focusing on the distribution density of senior citizen centers (the dependent variable) around small apartment complexes where older adults live (within a 500 m radius). The spatial accessibility of senior citizen centers and the number of apartments in each administrative district were set as independent variables. This selection was made to verify the effectiveness of the physical factors by conducting an independent sample t-test, normality test, Friedman test, and two-way ANOVA. The chief findings of this study are as follows. (1) The spatial awareness of each administrative district was low, and there were large disparities in the land development density relative to the spatial scale of the administrative districts. (2) Regarding the physical factors affecting the distribution density of senior citizen centers, the spatial accessibility of senior residences was more significant than the number of small apartment complexes nearby. (3) Personal and social factors may have indirectly influenced the distribution density of senior citizen centers more than physical factors, depending on the type of house in which the older adults live. The findings will provide a theoretical basis for determining the location and distribution density of senior citizen centers in urban planning considering physical factors, as well as serve as a reference for public policy decisions related to the allocation of such centers in the future.

Balancing thermal comfort and energy efficiency in high-rise public housing in Hong Kong: Insights and recommendations

As global warming intensifies, passive design for public housing in hot and humid climates has become a pressing issue. Achieving a balance between thermal comfort and energy conservation is particularly challenging in low-income public rental housing, where residents may endure extended periods of uncomfortable and unhealthy thermal conditions without resorting to air conditioning. In this study, EnergyPlus simulations are employed in combination with a novel thermal-comfort-based HVAC control approach to evaluate the performance of 14 Passive Cooling Strategies (PCS) in optimizing thermal comfort and energy conservation in high-rise public apartments of various sizes and orientations in Hong Kong, particularly under extreme summer conditions. The results reveal that, during extreme summer weather, the implementation of PCS primarily enhances thermal comfort conditions in May and September, while facing challenges in creating comfortable conditions during peak summer months. Most PCSs struggle to improve indoor comfort while simultaneously reducing energy consumption, with two exceptions: 1) Cross-ventilation-based designs enhance thermal comfort without increasing cooling energy consumption. 2) With energy-saving HVAC and opening control behavior, coupled with the use of fans for improving indoor thermal comfort, all PCSs can achieve a simultaneous improvement in thermal comfort and a reduction in cooling energy consumption. This results in a reduction in summer air-conditioning operation time of up to 50% and a decrease in air-conditioning cooling energy consumption of up to 30%. Regarding the impact of building size and orientation: 1) Small apartments show a heightened sensitivity to PCSs, particularly concerning indoor temperature, thermal comfort, and cooling energy consumption. 2) The influence of building orientation on cooling and comfort time in any PCS varies by less than 10% of its average and is even lower in PCSs with lower internal heat gain.

Developing selection criteria for harmonious co-living: la Maison des Babayagas and beyond

Abstract With an ever-increasing pace of change, dwindling resources, and an aging population, modern societies face harsh questions regarding effective governance systems. Moreover, with lingering problems brought on by COVID and ongoing inflationary pressures, the situation for growing numbers of aging women who have outlived their partners and are living on their own is increasingly grim. In Canada, when the elderly cannot manage independently, even the least expensive full-care retirement home options can have a formidable cost, which can be a heavy burden for many. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for society to support independent living as long as possible. Independent living models are being developed with various constraints and often with profit in mind. However, we were interested in the most economically feasible and socially acceptable solution. One such development is La Maison des Babayagas in Paris, France. This innovative government-subsidized housing project has been developed for retired independent women who pay rent for small apartments according to their means. The residents live in independent units and support one another in an economic and social arrangement that promotes friendships, fights loneliness, and helps each maintain a healthy outlook. This research aimed to gather data to create an inventory questionnaire to select independent retired women in Canada to live together harmoniously in a housing project based on the successful model developed in Paris. The questionnaire is based on analyzing the Babayagas House charter and resident journals and an extensive review of related inventories and questionnaires. The criteria retained will be explained, and examples of the questions will be presented.

Modified Land


 As a Fulbright Scholar, I had the opportunity to work at the International Printmaking Center at National Taiwan Normal University. A few months after arriving in Taipei, the city shut down due to a Covid outbreak. No longer able to use the printmaking studio, I worked in my small apartment. I carved blocks and printed them by hand, using traditional water-based techniques called mokuhanga. In this reflective paper and presentation, I share my creative practice and research behind the work I created. 
 
 
 Over the course of the year, I responded to the interior and exterior of natural and manufactured environments in Taiwan. I rode my bike along nearly empty streets in the sweltering summer heat to visit the wetlands, gardens, canals and parks. I walked through neighborhoods, discovering small gardens along sidewalks and in alleyways. I explored the traces, modifications, transformations and reconstructions of the Taiwanese landscape. From these experiences, I created a series of narrative prints that tell a story about the human capacity to shape the world around us. Modified Land is a series of woodblock prints that capture the experience of what it is to be in a place. 

The Disillusion of the Family (Family Matters)

Rohinton Mistry's Family Matters (2002) capturing the essence of close knit Parsee community has come close to being the Great Parsee novel. Epic in its proportion and length the novel centralizes on the domestic trials and instability that plague a Parsee family in Mumbai, India. Set in modern India, from the implication of the title, the novel tells the story of a family at odds. The question that the novel posits is who will care for their aged (but astute) parents as they succumb to incurable diseases of the old age. Set in overcrowded Bombay, the novel defuses the dilemma's of the contemporary generations. After the physical fall in the old age that incapacitates every one, English Professor Nariman Vakeel is bedridden. His stepdaughter Coomy and her downtrodden brother Jal, forcefully oust him when the care becomes too onerous. Nariman moves into the smaller apartment purchased for his daughter Roxana and her husband Yezad and their two sons. Nariman reminisces, along with the progression of Illness, about Lucie the love of his life. He recalls the performed marriage to a Parsee widow, instead Lucy at his parent's requests. It is his reminisces that recalls the incidents of his request and unfolds the tragedy of the novel.

다세대주택의 효율적 관리방안

The quality of life of residents living in the house may vary depending on whether housing management is well managed. Multi-family houses are mainly inhabited by low-income households, elderly households, and young households by sale or residential ladders. However, there are no laws related to housing management like apartment houses subject to mandatory management. Therefore, the residential environment may be poor, and it may soon promote aging, which may negatively affect the residential stability of residents. On the other hand, apartment houses of a certain size or larger are required to be managed in accordance with the Apartment Housing Management Act, so they are professionally, systematically, and efficiently managed according to the management organization and management system. Therefore, not only is the residential environment pleasant, but it also delays aging and plays a significant role as an asset. This is the reason why most housing consumers prefer to live in apartments, which are apartment houses subject to mandatory management, and the reason why old city houses are converted into apartments, and low-income households are driven to the outskirts. Therefore, multi-family housing, like apartment houses subject to mandatory management, should not only preserve residents’ housing stability and their assets, but also establish and institutionalize multi-family housing management as soon as possible for the long life of the house. Therefore, in this study, we would like to propose efficient management measures for small apartment houses such as multi-family houses by deriving problems related to legal and institutional aspects related to multi-family housing management and tenant management consciousness.

Approaches for Complex and Integrated Refurbishment to Improve Energy Efficiency and Spatial Comfort of the Existing Post-War Mass Housing Stock in Serbia

The research presents approaches to the complex refurbishment of multi-family buildings constructed during the mass construction period in Serbia. These buildings comprise a quarter of Serbia’s housing stock, are characterized by high energy consumption for heating, and have major spatial and organizational deficiencies: small apartments, outdated and inflexible spatial organization, and the absence of elevators. The subject of the research is the application of the methodology of complex and integrated refurbishment by adding volume to existing multi-family buildings with the goal of achieving higher energy efficiency while remodeling and modernizing residential units and improving vertical building communications. The research presents a comparative analysis of the energy performance and spatial organization of the existing building and three variants of building improvement: Case 1 (without volumetric additions), Case 2 (with volumetric additions—relocating vertical communications), and Case 3 (with volumetric additions—expanding usable living space). Based on the Knaufterm simulations, the energy savings for heating energy consumption compared to the existing state are 81% in Case 1, 89% in Case 2, and 87% in Case 3. Based on predefined parameters of spatial comfort, a comparative analysis of spatial comfort in residential units was conducted for all three improvement variants.

Overheating assessment for apartments during average and hot summers in the Nordic climate

ABSTRACT Amidst rising ambient temperatures and frequent heatwaves, assessing summer indoor overheating is crucial. This study examined overheating in over 6000 apartments to show the temporal aspects of indoor overheating during the hot summer of 2021 compared to the average summer of 2020 in the Helsinki region of Finland, with additional consideration of the apartments’ design year, size, and number of rooms. Data analysis was conducted employing ANOVA and post hoc tests to assess the impact of apartment characteristics on overheating. Finnish building codes and health-related regulations defined three temperature thresholds to determine overheating: 27°C, 30°C, and 32°C. The findings indicated that during the summer of 2020, 76%, 8%, and 1% of apartments exceeded 27°C, 30°C, and 32°C, respectively. In the hot summer of 2021, these proportions increased significantly to 96%, 32%, and 4%. The average number of degree hours above 27°C in 2021 was three times higher than in 2020. While nighttime temperatures were slightly lower, there was a considerable number of degree hours above 27°C. Smaller apartments exhibited a higher risk of overheating. Those constructed after 2012 demonstrated lower overheating risks during the hot summer.

MASS RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION AS AN ELEMENT OF CRISIS ARCHITECTURE

The world's population loses their homes due to natural disasters and wars every year, many international organizations have been created to eliminate such consequences. Architects as volunteers also make efforts to design typical low-cost mass housing., there is a concept of crisis architecture to denote this phenomenon. Its feature is the fastest possible reconstruction of housing for people in disaster zones. The next term discussed in the article is urbicide, the purposeful destruction of cities caused by wars, terrorist attacks, and other aggressive actions that we have in Ukraine today.
 The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of mass housing architecture in its relationship with crisis phenomena and urbicide in society. For this purpose, the possibility of reconstruction, reconstruction and development of the architectural and urban structure of cities in the post-crisis period is considered. The features of the crisis architecture of countries and cities affected by wars, as well as floods, fires and other natural disasters (Rotterdam, Hiroshima, Bismaya, Skopje) are analysed. Foremost, the restoration of the engineering infrastructure was observed. Work on solving the housing problem consisted in the repair of damaged buildings, the reconstruction of large apartments into small apartments and the construction of typical temporary low-rise buildings 3 available raw materials. Unified 4-5- story series of economy houses were popular in post-war France, Hungary, Slovakia and other countries. Disadvantages of such housing include chaotic construction, simplification of architectural solutions, lack of individual stylistic features. Later, the temporary residential quarters were dismantled. At the same time, a significant part of such panel houses remains inhabited even in our time. 
 Ukraine was significantly affected by the Second World War. Mass construction according to typical projects took place in the 60s, as a result of which about 23% of the country's housing stock has physical and moral deterioration. In view of the military actions, it is extremely important to use the international experience of rebuilding cities, to carefully approach the selection of projects, focusing on the economic component, the safety of residents and high-quality architectural solutions.

Le Jeune Homme by Annie Ernaux

Reviewed by: Le Jeune Homme by Annie Ernaux Edward Ousselin ANNIE ERNAUX Le Jeune Homme Paris. Gallimard. 2022. 48 pages. ANNIE ERNAUX'S latest book was published a few months before she was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature. At roughly forty pages, it is closer in length to a short story than to a novel. While Ernaux has regularly distanced herself from the still-fashionable genre of autofiction (and from just about any literary movement), almost all her fictional works have been autobiographical in nature and characterized by the frequent use of first-person narration. "The Young Man" is no exception. In fact, this short book seems to encapsulate many of the events and themes found in her previous novels. In Passion simple (1992), and again in more detail in Se perdre (2001), she recounted her affair with a married man. This time, her love affair is with a much younger man, a student who wanted to meet the already famous author. As the narrator points out: "He was almost thirty years younger than me." She also remarks that the young man's small apartment was across the street from the hospital where—many years earlier, when she was nearly his age—she had been taken after a painful and dangerous backstreet abortion (in France, abortions were illegal until 1975). This traumatic episode of Ernaux's life is the topic of L'Événement (2000). The narrator often compares the young student's impecunious lifestyle to her own small-town, working-class origins, a long-running thematic thread in many of Ernaux's books and interviews. She notices that while she had long felt relegated to a lower social status, including during most of her seventeen-year marriage, with the student she suddenly seemed to be a part of the upper class. As the older, richer partner in this unlikely couple, she could, for instance, go off with him on vacations he would not have been able to afford. The sort of power imbalance that is more common between an older man and a younger woman was now inverted: "I was in a dominant position." Perhaps fittingly, this relationship lasted approximately as long as Ernaux was working on another book. The conclusion of Le Jeune Homme is a moment for Ernaux to relect on a turning point in her life, when she realized that she was happy to be independent at the turn of the twenty-first century. Ernaux is now eighty-two years old. Whether or not she publishes anything else, her place in French literary history is secure. While she has often been criticized for her choice of an unadorned écriture plate (flat writing style), she has renewed the autobiographical genre by turning much of her life story into an extensive and fascinating fictional domain. Edward Ousselin Western Washington University Copyright © 2023 World Literature Today and the Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma

The Time of the Migrant

The Time of the Migrant

Optimization of the functional concept of the minimum apartment - a study on a selected example. The role of functional details.

The article shows the study about functional concepts of a small apartment. For the research the author has chosen 27,3 m2 apartment from the estate „Za Żelazną Bramą” in Warsaw. The study works on the optimization of minimum apartment model for 1-2 occupants that could meet contemporary standards. The study has proved that the original layout of the apartment can be improved to bring it closer to contemporary requirements. It turned out that improvements and changes mainly concerned dimensions and arrangement of the kitchen and bathroom. Theliving space could also be modified – good results have been obtained by implementing innovative details. The last simulation performed in the research (purely hypothetical) showed that the best optimization result could be obtained by slightly enlarging the basic plan of the apartment.

Sale-Based vs Leased Based Contracts in House Financing Default

This study examines the relationship between FTV and house financing default, as well as the short and long-term effects on housing and apartment defaults. It also examines the extent to which Islamic banks implement suitable contracts for housing and apartment defaults, whether sale-based or lease-based. The data used in this paper is monthly time series data from 2015 to 2021. The finding of this study shows that the FTV policy in small houses and apartments (22-70 m2) positively significantly influences the house financing default in sale-based and lease-based contracts in both short and long-term periods. Moreover, the FTV policy in leased-based contracts has a significant influence on the house financing default in a big house (>70 m2) in a short-term period.