Sm System Research Articles

Effects of smart manufacturing announcements on companies’ stock market value: a perspective of supply chain collaboration

ABSTRACT Due to technological complexity and capital expenditure, many companies seek supply chain collaboration to develop smart manufacturing (SCCSM) and issue SCCSM announcements. This study aims to empirically analyse the impact of SCCSM announcements on companies’ stock market value. The event study method is used to estimate the change of stock market value to 92 SCCSM announcements of Chinese listed companies. The main results are threefold. First, SCCSM announcements improve enterprises’ stock market value. Second, they, involving interconnection and constructing SM subsystems instead of an integrated SM system, have a more positive impact on stock market value. Third, SCCSM announcements issued by companies with higher degree of digital technology and higher customer concentration, have a more negative impact on stock market value. In addition, the type of resources reflected by the partners’ type has no moderating effect. This study inspires managers on how to enhance enterprises’ market stock value through SCCSM activities.

A hybrid framework for sustaining and managing Somali indigenous knowledge

This paper represents the important of preserving Somali Indigenous Knowledge for the future generations to come. This paper presents a systematic review of the indigenous knowledge Management Systems deployed for different sectors in Africa and other countries in the world. The acquisition and management of IK is being used to rejuvenate endangered cultural practices and improve domestic socio-economic sustainability of Somali society. This paper presents how social media platforms and their components could be integrated into the KMS to manage and sustain Somali Indigenous knowledge (IK). The discovery of knowledge and its utilization is now fueled by the advancement of technology, which connects users to external sources through different platforms. The rapidly increasing use of SM and mobile technologies creates opportunities to form knowledge networks that can facilitate the process of creating, preserving, and sharing knowledge and skills that are unique to communities in the Somali context. As an oral society with rich IK and other cultural practices, Somali society lacked a framework to organize the existing knowledge in various methods. We used knowledge products from journal articles, policy documents, working papers, policy briefs, and other gray literature. The paper refers to existing methodology E-learning and KM functions. If properly integrated, this method first identifies functional similarities between SM, E-Learning, and KM systems and their interactions. The proposed framework consists of two functional parts; KM and SM. The KM part involves knowledge capturing, validation, formatting, storing, and distribution. SM part of the framework involves knowledge presentation, sharing, and application. Since the Somalis are said to be an oral society, this framework helps to capture and disseminate IK residing in knowledge holders.

Crystallography, crystal chemistry, phase diagrams and thermoelectric properties of the Ca–M–Co–O (M = Sr, La, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy and Ho) systems

Crystallography, crystal chemistry, phase diagrams and thermoelectric properties of the Ca–<i>M</i>–Co–O (<i>M</i> = Sr, La, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy and Ho) systems

Mirror activation pattern selection for energy efficient hexagonal QAM aided media‐based modulation

AbstractIn this article, three mirror activation pattern (MAP) selection techniques are used to improve the performance of energy‐efficient hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (HQAM) aided media‐based modulation (MBM) system called HMBM. These three MAP selection (MS) aided HQAM techniques: (i) capacity‐optimized MS‐based HMBM (CMS‐HMBM) scheme, (ii) MAP correlation (MC) aided MS‐based HMBM (MMS‐HMBM) scheme, (iii) Euclidean distance (ED) based MS aided HMBM (EMS‐HMBM) scheme. MBM technique, one of the newest and most competitive candidates of the index modulation family, increases spectral efficiency linearly and significantly improves error performance. When MS techniques are integrated into telecommunication techniques, they significantly increase the performance of the system. Extensive computer simulations with Monte Carlo for the considered systems are performed on Rayleigh fading channels. The suggested system offers superior error performance than the conventional MBM scheme since it incorporates CMS, MMS, and EMS techniques. Additionally, the suggested new method offers greater energy efficiency than ‐QAM constellation schemes since HQAM constellation schemes are by their very nature high energy efficiency. It is shown that the proposed CMS‐HMBM, MMS‐HMBM, and EMS‐HMBM systems provide better error performance than capacity‐optimized antenna selection (COAS) aided hexagonal spatial modulation (COAS‐HSM), antenna correlation‐based AS aided HSM (ACAS‐HSM), Euclidean distance optimized AS aided HSM (EDAS‐HSM), SM, and MBM systems for the same spectral efficiency. The suggested systems are envisaged for usage in sixth‐generation and later wireless networks because of their high performance provided by the CMS, MMS, and EMS methods in the proposed system and the high spectral efficiency provided by the HMBM approach.

New microwave dielectric ceramics based on the CaRNbWO8 (R = Y, La, Ce, Nd or Sm) system

New microwave dielectric ceramics based on the CaRNbWO8 (R = Y, La, Ce, Nd or Sm) system

Sm(II)-Mediated Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer: Quantifying Very Weak N-H and O-H Homolytic Bond Strengths and Factors Controlling Them.

Coordination of alcohols to the single-electron reductant samarium diiodide (SmI2) results in substantial O-H bond weakening, affording potent proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reagents. However, poorly defined speciation of SmI2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/alcohol mixtures limits reliable thermodynamic analyses of such systems. Rigorous determination of bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) values in such Sm systems, important to evaluating their reactivity profiles, motivates studies of model Sm systems where contributing factors can be teased apart. Here, a bulky and strongly chelating macrocyclic ligand ((tBu2ArOH)2Me2cyclam) maintains solubility, eliminates dimerization pathways, and facilitates clean electrochemical behavior in a well-defined functional model for the PCET reactivity of SmII with coordinating proton sources. Direct measurement of thermodynamic parameters enables reliable experimental estimation of the BDFEs in 2-pyrrolidone and MeOH complexes of ((tBu2ArO)2Me2cyclam)SmII, thereby revealing exceptionally weak N-H and O-H BDFEs of 27.2 and <24.1 kcal mol-1, respectively. Expanded thermochemical cycles reveal that this bond weakening stems from the very strongly reducing SmII center and the formation of strong SmIII-alkoxide (and -pyrrolidonate) interactions in the PCET products. We provide a detailed analysis comparing these BDFE values with those that have been put forward for SmI2 in THF in the presence of related proton donors. We suggest that BDFE values for the latter systems may in fact be appreciably higher than the system described herein. Finally, protonation and electrochemical reduction steps necessary for the regeneration of the PCET donors from SmIII-alkoxides are demonstrated, pointing to future strategies aimed at achieving (electro)catalytic turnover using SmII-based PCET reagents.

NOMA -Spatial Modulation: Solving Power Allocation Issue via Improved Black Widow Optimization

Developing next-generation multiple access (MA) schemes that can provide high spectral efficiency (SE) and a higher connection scale is crucial for managing the unpredictable traffic expansion of next-generation wireless interactions. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in the power domain has recently been the subject of in-depth research. To minimize either the average or maximum symbol error rate (SER), this work develops a novel NOMA-based SM system that considers power allocation. The new perception, which guarantees higher throughput, is NOMA-APM with scrambling in this context. A more advanced or better optimization approach addresses this optimization problem. Here, Black Widow Optimization with New Mating Behavior (BWO-NMB) is deployed for attaining minimal error and power utilization. Eventually, the enhancement of BWO-NMB based technique is confirmed over other schemes as well as for with and without AS.

Straw mulching for enhanced water use efficiency and economic returns from soybean fields in the Loess Plateau China

Water shortages threaten agricultural sustainability in the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau. Judicious mulching management can improve water conservation practices to alleviate this issue while increasing crop productivity. We investigated the effect of straw strip mulching and film mulching on soil water consumption, temperature, growth, grain yield, and economic income of soybean [Glycine max(Linn.) Merr.] from 2017 to 2018 in Qingyang on the semi-arid Loess Plateau in China using four treatments: (a) alternating ridges and furrows with ridges mulched with white polyethylene film (PMP), (b) alternating flat and bare land with only the plat mulched by white polyethylene film (PMF), (c) alternating strips mulched with maize (Zea mays L.) straw (SM), and (d) traditional land planting without mulching (CK). The mulching treatments (PMP, PMF, and SM) increased soil water consumption and soil water use efficiency. The SM, PMF, and PMP treatments had 12.3–12.5, 16.8–22.1, and 23.2–24.2 mm higher soil water consumption (0–120 cm depth) than CK, most of which occurred in the 60–120 cm soil layer. Compared with CK, PMP and PMF significantly increased soil temperature by 1.30–1.31 °C and 0.76–1.00 °C, soybean grain yield by 38.6–39.0 % and 38.8–44.2 %, and water use efficiency (WUE) by 27.7–32.8 % and 30.8–37.5 %, respectively, while SM significantly decreased soil temperature by 0.96–1.15 °C, and increased grain yield by 21.8–25.4 % and WUE by 16.9–21.9 %. PMP and PMF did not significantly change soil water consumption, WUE, or grain yield. The SM treatment increased net income by 501.3–691.7 and 1914.5–2244.9 CNY ha−1 relative to PMP and CK, respectively, but PMF and SM did not significantly differ. Therefore, the SM system could help increase grain yields and economic returns in dryland soybean production, avoiding the adverse effects of the increasingly popular plastic mulching approach.

A drug-loaded amphiphilic polymer/poly(l-lactide) shape-memory system

Biodegradable shape-memory polymers (SMPs) which are functional materials with applicability for medicine devices are designed to acquire their therapeutically relevant shape and drug release after implantation. In the work, an amphiphilic polymer (PVAD) is synthesized by using polytetrahydrofuran (PTMG), vinyl acetate (VAc), acrylic acid (AA), tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4vi) as raw materials. PVAD encapsulating hydrophilic drug as switching phase and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) as fixing matrix construct an SM system with the characteristic of “reservoir-matrix” drug release. The shape recovery ratio (Rr) of medicated PVAD/PLLA reaches 99 % by heat-water stimulation. The effects of release temperature and SM on drug release are investigated. With the release temperature increasing, the medicated PVAD/PLLA accelerates drug release and shows burst release initially, while the drug release for the medicated PLLA changes slightly. The drug release rate goes up after 3 rounds of SM. The mechanism of SM system controlling drug release is put forward based on structural changes. The yield strength and elongation at break of medicated PVAD/PLLA are 29.8 MPa and 44.6 %, respectively. It opens up new perspectives for drug carrier matrices in Pharmaceutical Sciences.

First principles study on p-type conductivity and new magnetic mechanism of ZnO:Sm with point defects in different strains

Iterant electrons exist in the f and d states of ZnO:Sm with point defects (VZn, Hi), which are often overlooked. Moreover, p-type ZnO is difficult to realize. To solve such problems, this study adopts the first-principles generalized gradient approximation (GGA + U) plane wave supersoft pseudopotential method to construct a ZnO:Sm system with point defects (VZn, Hi). The stability and conductivity of the doped system and the new magnetic mechanism are studied under a biaxial strain. Result shows that the Zn34SmHiO36 system has the lowest formation energy, simplest doping, lowest binding energy, and highest stability and is a relatively p-typed system when the Sm–H spacing is closer compared with the Zn34SmHiO36 systems with different Sm–H spacings. The hole conductivity of the Zn34SmHiO36-doped system in the z-axis direction is high when no external strain is applied. The result demonstrates that the Zn34SmHiO36 system is magnetic. The charge transfer from s state of single ion Sm to f and d states of Sm causes magnetism in the doped system, which differs from the traditional theory of orbital hybrid coupling and double exchange magnetic source between distinct ions. The Sm-4f and Sm-5d states in the Zn34SmHiO36 system have itinerant and local electron properties, which affect the magnetic source and p-type of the system. This work has certain reference value for the design and preparation of new ZnO magnetoelectric-integrated functional materials.

Steps to Development and Increase of Physical Movement and Health Literacy

According to the WHO, healthis a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being while maintaining the body's ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The definition is concise, but it is important to be aware of the es- sential facts that affect people of the 21st century. Is it possible to adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions? Mus- culoskeletal conditions are considered a global epidemic as their incidence and severity increase worldwide. Consideration should be given to the fact that musculoskeletal conditions, such as back pain (diagnosis of M54: dorsalgia), are beginning to be epidemiological in developed countries. According to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, the most common causes of years lived with disability (YLDs) in the Slovak Republic from 2005 to 2015 were non-communicable diseases. In 1st place were musculoskeletal deformities; 2nd place men- tal disorders and addictions; 3rd place other unspecified non- infectious diseases (Source: GBD, 2015). It is important to tackle this issue not only because of its permanent growth but especially for the frequent complications that cause higher morbidity. Various postural deformities caused by poor posture, which affect the relationships between internal organs and the musculoskeletal system/viscero-vertebral relationships but also vice versa. The prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases has an increasing trend in Slovakia, and therefore it is important to look for a way to raise awareness of the possibilities of these diseases’ prevention. It is essential to revise outdated plans for physical development and adapt them to today's people. After all, the movement literacy of our children has a significantly declining tendency. Such intervention gives meaning to the public health; there should be a focus on the primary support of the health of the population where one of the possibilities may be the spiral mobilization method SM system. This method is intended for a person living in current times, who sits to a large extent and performs movements that are monot- onously loading the muscles. The SM system is a simple and effective exercise that on the principle of spiral muscle chains pulls the spine upwards and stabilizes the balance of the spine. When performed in an optimal way, they relax overloaded parts of the spine; reduce muscle imbalance; contribute to over- all health. The priority for proper physical movement should be a desire for a healthy body without pain and disease. The path to health leads through cognition and education because the most important result of any education is self-knowledge.

Structural and Compositional Features of Garnet-Containing Samples Synthesized in a System with Samarium at High Pressure and High Temperature

A distinctive feature of garnets associated with diamonds is specific containing of “light” rare earth elements. In the paper, the garnet-containing samples obtained at high pressure and high temperature in the system introduced with samarium (Sm) are studied. The experiments are carried out using a multianvil high-pressure apparatus of the “split-sphere” type (BARS) at a pressure of 5 GPa and a temperature of 1300 °С. The accuracy of measuring the pressure and temperature is ± 0.2 GPa и ± 25 °С, respectively. As a result, pyrope grains are synthesized with a CaO content no higher than 0.15 wt.% and Cr2O3 concentration within the range of 3.61-7.55 wt.%. The garnets are characterized by the stable presence of an impurity in the form of the Sm constituent. The garnets contain a significant amount of olivine inclusions. Crystals of the synthesized spinel are observed mainly in the interstices. This study demonstrates that the interaction of the components in the serpentine — chromite — corundum — Sm system leads to the crystallization of pyrope garnet, which forms large intergrowths of individual grains. The zoning observed in garnet is due to the transfer of components by fluid during the experiment. It is concluded that the Sm content in garnet can significantly increase depending on its content in the system.

Crystal chemistry, phase diagrams and thermoelectric properties of the Ca–M–Co–O (M = Sr, La, Sm, Eu, Gd and Ho) systems

Crystal chemistry, phase diagrams and thermoelectric properties of the Ca–<i>M</i>–Co–O (<i>M</i> = Sr, La, Sm, Eu, Gd and Ho) systems

Enhanced spatial modulation with generalized antenna selection in MISO channels

Here, an enhanced spatial modulation with generalized antenna selection (ESM-GAS) for multiple-input single-output systems is proposed. Unlike the conventional SM systems, in ESM-GAS, the number of active antennas is not fixed, but varies from only one to all. In ESM-GAS, a concept called equivalent antennas is introduced to describe the status of the antennas. Out of all the available equivalent antennas, a subset is selected as the candidate antennas for SM, in which additional information bits are used to determine the indices of the activated equivalent antennas. Two criteria are used to select the candidate equivalent antennas. One is ESM-GAS, where a part of candidate equivalent antennas with larger channel power gains are selected with low computational complexity. To further improve the bit error ratio (BER) performance of ESM-GAS, the other one is a combination scheme of Euclidean distance antenna selection (EDAS) and ESM-GAS (ESM-GAS-EDAS). Simulation results show that ESM-GAS has better BER performance than conventional SM, and ESM-GAS-EDAS outperforms conventional SM, EDAS-based SM, and ESM-GAS, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

Simulating and assessing the effects of seasonal fallow schemes on the water-food-energy nexus in a shallow groundwater-fed plain of the Haihe River basin of China

The increasing dependency on groundwater, especially in irrigated regions, has highlighted the notable place of groundwater resources within the water-food-energy nexus (WFEN). This role is particularly relevant in the Haihe River basin of China, a globally representative area that is experiencing rapid aquifer depletion. The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fallow strategy may have the potential to limit withdrawal in this region. Based on information from multiple sources, this paper proposed six kinds of fallow schemes—under the same triple-cropping system consisting of winter wheat and summer maize (Zea mays L.) followed by fallow and summer maize in two years (WW–SM/F–SM) but with different irrigation schemes—as scenarios to conduct detailed simulation by a modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Then, the water balance components of the shallow aquifer and soil profile (2 m) under different scenarios were analyzed to quantify the variations in hydrological processes caused by changes in cropping system and pumping intensity. Furthermore, through 17 indices that could quantitatively describe the changes related to the WFEN, the effects of seasonal fallow schemes on shallow groundwater drawdown mitigation, grain yield reduction, and energy consumption savings were evaluated. Based on these evaluation outcomes, linear programming was used to optimize the fallow schemes at the subbasin scale. As a result, to satisfy the constraint of stopping groundwater drawdown as well as improving water and energy productivities, the minimum reduction in the annual average winter wheat yield would be 55% compared with the basic scenario, while the summer maize yield would remain basically stable. Under the optimized fallow scheme pattern, 66% of the well-irrigated cropland should adopt the WW–SM/F–SM system with two irrigation applications for winter wheat and a rain-fed scheme for summer maize; additionally, 24% of the well-irrigated cropland should adopt the WW–SM/F–SM system with one irrigation application for winter wheat and a rain-fed scheme for summer maize, and the recommended fallow schemes for the other 10% of well-irrigated cropland varied spatially. Compared to the basic scenario, the optimized fallow scheme pattern could decrease shallow groundwater exploitation by 36.5 × 108 m3 a−1 (i.e., to realize shallow groundwater equilibrium), reduce the diesel consumption of agricultural machines and electricity consumption of pumping wells by 32% and 90%, respectively, and save energy costs by approximately 873 yuan ha−1. These results could provide a quantitative reference for policy-making in this watershed and serve as a typical case for similar areas that wish to implement fallow strategies to achieve groundwater sustainability.

Delayed Transcritical Bifurcation Induced Mixed Bursting in a Modified SM System with Asymmetrically Distributed Equilibria

Delayed bifurcation behavior is ubiquitous in multi-time scale systems and has a great important effect on bursting oscillations. In this paper, a parametrically driven Shimizu-Morioka system is proposed and distinct delay behavior is observed when the slow-varying parameter passes through the transcritical bifurcation point periodically. Periodic and chaotic bursting oscillations induced by such delay behavior are investigated by using the fast-slow analysis method with different excitation amplitudes. More interesting, the fast subsystem has a zero equilibrium point branch and two asymmetrically distributed equilibrium point branches with respect to the slow-varying parameter. Thus, there exist two possible routes for the trajectory to choose when the delayed transcritical bifurcation takes place. This leads to that the bursting patterns corresponding to different excitation periods may be different. As a result, two possible mixed bursting patterns, named as “delayed transcritical/transcritical” bursting of point-point type mixed with “delayed transcritical/supHopf/fold” bursting of point-cycle type and “delayed transcritical/subHopf/subHopf/fold” bursting of point-cycle type mixed with “delayed transcritical/supHopf/fold” bursting of point-cycle, are revealed. Furthermore, the effect of the excitation frequency on the delay behavior is also considered. We find the delay behavior may terminate at different parameter areas when the excitation amplitude is fixed and the excitation frequency varies and thus leads to different bursting patterns. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the validity of the study.

Використання протоколу наради на етапах її життєвого циклу

The article is devoted to the issues of automation of servicing the meetings activities which include its preparation, holding and real-time recording. The article proposes a method for conducting and record-ing meetings, regardless of the meeting topic, its language and area of use. The formation and applica-tion of the meeting protocols in the proposed method differs from previous solutions. The meeting pro-tocol is formed from the initial protocol and is displayed in a compact and convenient form on the ad-ministrator's control panel as a meeting plan that can be adjusted and supplemented under the adminis-trator’s control. During the meeting the administrator can change the agenda presented in the meeting plan. In the course of the meeting, its plan and a corresponding text document known as «a protocol» are synchronously supplemented by the objects of discussion that are flexibly constructed during the discussions and were described in previous works. The text document – «protocol» – is formed both at the beginning and during the meeting, and can be used on any PC in the local network regardless of the time and the day when the meeting is to be held. The proposed approach can be used to conduct unreg-ulated ad hoc meetings in SM systems. Owing to the capabilities of the proposed software shell, a «cur-rent» application for the meeting servicing is created from the text documents prepared for the current meeting. The proposed method can be applied in various fields: education, medicine (including tracking of epidemics), military, etc. Moreover, each unique application without the participation of a program-mer will be created from the texts prepared by an appropriate specialist, and the applied method will en-sure the synchronization of the protocols of various processes. In terms of its capabilities, the proposed method for the meeting servicing is comparable to a popular system Meeting King, but this method, in its turn, allows people to conduct and record meetings in any language, and use it to support and log other processes as well.

Coupled channels calculations of fusion reactions for 46Ti+64Ni, 40Ca+194Pt and 40Ar+148Sm systems

In this work, the fusion cross section , fusion barrier distribution and the probability of fusion have been investigated by coupled channel method for the systems 46Ti+64Ni, 40Ca+194Pt and 40Ar+148Sm with semi-classical and quantum mechanical approach using SCF and CCFULL Fortran codes respectively. The results for these calculations are compared with available experimental data. The results show that the quantum calculations agree better with experimental data, especially bellow the Coulomb barrier, for the studied systems while above this barrier, the two codes reproduce the data.

Physiological Basis of Genotypic Response to Management in Dryland Wheat.

A great majority of dryland wheat producers are reluctant to intensify management due to the assumption that lack of water availability is the most critical factor limiting yield and thus, the response to management intensification would be limited. We conducted on-farm field experiments across three locations and two growing seasons in Kansas using 21 modern winter wheat genotypes grown under either standard (SM) or intensified management (IM) systems. The goals of this study were to (i) determine whether the SM adopted is adequate to reach achievable yields by farmers in the region and (ii) identify differences in responsiveness to IM among a range of modern genotypes. Across all sites-years and genotypes, the IM increased yield by 0.9 Mg ha-1, outyielding the SM system even in the lowest yielding conditions. As expected, the yield response to IM increased with the achievable yield of the environment and genotype. Across all sources of variation, the yield responsiveness to IM was related to increased biomass rather than harvest index, strongly driven by improvements in grain number (and independent of changes in grain weight), and by improvements in N uptake which resulted from greater biomass and shoot N concentration. The IM system generally also increased grain N concentration and decreased the grain N dilution effect from increased yield. Genotypes varied in their response to IM, with major response patterns resulting from the combination of response magnitude (large vs. small) and consistency (variable vs. consistent). Genotypes with high mean response and high variability in the response to IM across years could offer greater opportunities for producers to maximize yield as those genotypes showed greater yield gain from IM when conditions favored their response. For the background conditions evaluated, intensifying management could improve wheat yield in between c. 0.2 and 1.5 Mg ha-1 depending on genotype.

Blockchain-based Social Manufacturing for Customization Production

Abstract This paper proposes the social manufacturing based on Blockchain, which realizes precise and efficient customization through smart contract and distributed accounting. It is a new manufacturing mode of service-oriented, distributed and collaborative customization. This paper proposes the definition of SM based on Blockchain. In the process of using to Blockchain, it can form a strong trust relationship, so that multiple nodes / roles in SM can save the complete copy of the whole database, rather than a centralized permission / role. Secondly, the Blockchain-based SM system is developed for customized manufacturing. Finally, its application case and the optimization results are given. In SM, it is the key that how to transform customized manufacturing actions into socialized actions of manufacturing resources through internet communities and interconnect Socialized Manufacturing Resources (SMRs) in upstream and downstream. In this paper, the smart contract relationship is established based on Blockchain between SMRs to build credit mechanism in SM, Which can ensure the effective circulation and association of SMRs.