Slurry Shield Research Articles

Applicability of the shield method to urban tunnelling

Although shield tunnelling has been used for 170 years, its applications have been very limited until recently. Technical advances over the past decade have permitted this tunnelling method to be used in an ever-wider range of ground conditions. It has proven to be an effective means of constructing tunnels in urban areas, particularly because of its advantages in terms of limiting noise and vibration and surface disruption. In the future, this technology is expected to be called upon to deal with increasingly difficult environmental conditions. This report presents the findings of a questionnaire, distributed by the International Tunnelling Association, designed to determine the stste-of-the-art and needs for future development in shield tunnelling in general, and slurry shield and earth pressure balance shield technology in particular.

THE ANALYSIS OF STIFF SOIL GROUND BEHAVIOR CAUSED BY TUNNEL DRIVING WITH PRESSURED SLURRY SHIELD MACHINE

For urban subway construction shield tunnelling methods have become standard. Of these the pressured slurry shield method is perticularly often used because with this method it is easy to stabilize the cutting face.It is important to predict the ground behavior caused by shield tunnelling in most cases where it is used very close to existing buildings or structures.We have constructed 8 shield tunnels by this method since 1980. This paper attempts to explain the mechanism of ground behavior and proposes a method of its prediction based on past experience in the use of this tunnelling technic in stiff soil locations where ground movements have been monitored.

A computer-aided tunneling system (CATS) aids in planning and building an urban underground reservoir project

Abstract The Hirano River underground stormwater detention reservoir was planned as a first phase of an ambitious municipal plan to prevent flooding in the southeastern district of Osaka, Japan. The reservoir has been under construction since 1981. The concept involved in the design of the reservoir is stormwater detention through temporary storage of rainwater during heavy rainfalls in order to prevent flooding in the vicinity. The underground reservoir is a 1880-m-long tunnel with a storage capacity of 140,000 m 3 and a finished diameter of 10 m. The tunnel is being bored by the world's largest slurry shield (11.22-m boring diameter). This paper is primarily concerned with Phase I tunnel construction, in which the latest computer monitoring and data processing technology CATS (Computer-Aided Tunneling System) was applied to provide complete environmental protection. Some aspects of project planning are also discussed. The Phase I tunnel reservoir construction was completed on schedule, in time to prevent possible flooding of the area by intercepting 29,000 m 3 (approx. 29 million l) of stormwater in 40 min when a heavy rainfall poured down on July 21, 1986.

Development of earth pressure balanced shields in Japan : Naitoh, K Tunn Tunnlg V17, N5, May 1985, P15–18

Due to the dense and increasing population of the cities in Japan, especially around Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya, it has been necessary to expand water supply, sewerage, subway, electric communication cables and other underground services. The work resulted in dwellers' complaints of noise, vibration and traffic obstruction. Thus the shield method gained preference over the traditional use of cut-and-cover. The article describes the operation and performance of the EPBS (earth pressure balance shield) equipment compared with slurry shield, conventional mechanical shield and open face shield equipment. The fundamental concept of the EPBS is that soil at the face is controlled to avoid settlement. The discharge from the soil chamber is balanced against the muck intake from the cutter head, this volume being equivalent to the shield advance distance, and so groundwater ingress is prevented. (TRRL)

Recent advancements in slurry shield tunneling : Kawarabata, Y Proc 6th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, Chicago, 12–16 June 1983V1, P299–317. Publ New York: AIME, 1983

Recent advancements in slurry shield tunneling : Kawarabata, Y Proc 6th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, Chicago, 12–16 June 1983V1, P299–317. Publ New York: AIME, 1983

ON THE SETTLEMENT OF POOR COHESIVE SOIL GROUND CAUSED BY TUNNEL DRIVNG WITH SLURRY SHIELD MACHINE

This paper discusses the results of experiments on the settlements of poor cohesive soil ground caused by tunnel driving with a slurry shield. Driving tests were conducted with a slurry shield model having the diameter of 600 mm in the laboratory and an actual performance of slurry shielding was compared with the model test. The model tests show that there exists an optimum slurry pressure dependent on the overburden pressure and ground materials, and the ratio of the amount of soil to be excavated to that estimated from the shield diameter is nearly 96 to 97% for the optimum pressure. The field tests show that the optimum pressure is nearly equal to the pore pressure, and the optimum driving speed is such that soil at the face is kept in the region of somewhat passive condition. (Author abstract)

ENLARGEMENT OF SEGMENTED LINING TUNNEL AND ITS DESIGN CRITERIA

In case of construction of an additional structure outside of the tunnel, enlargement from the inside would be more economical and time-saving comparing with conventional cut and cover method. This paper presents how to enlarge the segmented lining tunnel under soft ground of water-bearing soil by application of slurry shield tunneling technique, and how to design enlarged structure of the tunnel. Furthermore the design problems are clarified through prototype experiment to build composite structure with primary segmental lining which is already affected by stress prior to placing secondary lining. (Author abstract)

INTRODUCTION OF RELIABILITY TECHNOLOGY INTO CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

This paper presents the results of an introduction of reliability technology into construction management of a pressurized slurry shield tunnel construction in the city, with unfavorable soil properties and water percolation problem. (Edited author abstract)

Giant size slurry shield is a success in Tokyo : Watanabe, T; Yamazaki, H Tunn Tunnlg, V13, N1, Jan–Feb 1981, P13–17

The 844 M long double-track Hikawadai tunnel section of the No. 8 line of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority is being driven by a 10 M o/d shield and lined with 9.8 M o/d concrete segments. The line incorporates curves of 800 M and 1500 M radius. The shield passes under the Shakujii river bed with an overburden of 8 M and then passes beneath residential areas where the overburden is 12-18 M. The upper portion of the tunnel lies in a sand and gravel layer known as Tokyo gravel stratum. The sand layer at the crown is loose and liable to collapse. The large-scale slurry shield was chosen for the double-track tunnel excavation to overcome problems of sand instability and drainage. The success of the largest shield used in Japan is said to be due to exhaustive soil investigation, careful design and manufacture of equipment, and close slurry control.

Slurry shield method in complex formation under sea — Construction of water supply tunnel : Ohta, Y; Matsui, T; Matsubara, H Proc International Tunnel Symposium, Tokyo, 1978, P203–208. Publ Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1979

Slurry shield method in complex formation under sea — Construction of water supply tunnel : Ohta, Y; Matsui, T; Matsubara, H Proc International Tunnel Symposium, Tokyo, 1978, P203–208. Publ Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1979

Slurry shield method in Japan : Proc Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conference, Las Vegas, 14–17 June 1976, P261–277

Slurry shield method in Japan : Proc Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conference, Las Vegas, 14–17 June 1976, P261–277

Problems of the slurry shield method and their conter measure : Yamazaki, H Tekken Const. Co, J 11F,4T. Paper to Design and Construction of Tunnels and Shafts Conference, Melbourne, Aug. 1976, P113–122

Problems of the slurry shield method and their conter measure : Yamazaki, H Tekken Const. Co, J 11F,4T. Paper to Design and Construction of Tunnels and Shafts Conference, Melbourne, Aug. 1976, P113–122