Slurry Oil Research Articles

An efficient pressure sensor based on environmental-friendly CNTs-graphene-PDMS film

Given the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, there is an escalating demand for wearable sensors. An efficient graphene-based material synthesized from the mesophase pitch of waste slurry oil was integrated into a cost-effective piezoresistive pressure sensor consisting of a conductive film made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). A simple fabrication approach has been suggested to infuse PDMS with CNTs-graphene, resulting in a pressure sensor exhibiting superior conductivity, enhanced sensitivity, and quick responsiveness to diverse pressure variations. Moreover, films containing varying percentages of graphene were compared. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to examine the surface and structural characteristics of the CNTs-graphene-PDMS film, alongside studying the pressure sensor's sensing capabilities. Various applications were examined for both the individual sensor and the array of sensors. The findings demonstrate the successful detection of diverse human motions, Morse code recognition, and effective discernment of various pressures by the fabricated pressure sensor, indicating its potential for applications in smart devices, robotics, and wearable sensors.

Optimizing light and heavy aromatic ratios in fluid catalytic cracking slurry oil for mesophase pitch with wide-area optically anisotropic texture

Aromatics are the preponderant component of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) slurry oil, with notable differences in molecular structure between the light and heavy aromatics. The effect of these differences on the formation and optically anisotropic texture of mesophase remains elusive, impeding the preparation of high-quality mesophase pitch. This paper aims to regulate the ratio of light to heavy aromatics in the FCC slurry oil for optimizing the optically anisotropic texture of mesophase pitch. The results show that the heavy aromatics possess higher aromaticity, longer alkane side chains, larger molecular size and more reactive structures (methylene bridges, n-alkane structures) compared with the light aromatics. As an “accelerator”, heavy aromatics can form mesophase quickly. Light aromatics not only served as a “diluent,” but also assumed the function of a “lubricant”, which facilitated the orderly arrangement of aromatic molecular lamellar. The system exhibits moderate reactivity that inhibits excessive condensation and modifies the structural orientation of pyrolysis products with the 2/5 ratio of light to heavy aromatics. Under these conditions, a high-quality mesophase pitch (d002 = 3.485 Å, Lc = 19.832 Å) with wide-area optically anisotropic texture, suitable softening point (262 °C) and short polymerization time (t = 5.5 h) was obtained. This work provides theoretical support for the preparation of high-quality mesophase pitch by regulating the components of slurry oil.

Influence of two asphaltenes on the formation and development of mesophase in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) slurry oil

Asphaltene constitutes the heaviest component in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) slurry oil. Mesophase pitch are prepared from FCC slurry oil by adding two asphaltenes (CL-As/JB-As) with distinct structure, and the influence of asphaltenes on the formation of mesophase is investigated. The findings suggest that an addition of CL-As within the range of 0–20 wt% is advantageous for the development and formation of mesophase. The addition of JB-As less than 1 wt% facilitates the formation and development of mesophase, while the opposite is observed with JB-As greater than 1 wt%. This is due to the light fraction of JB-As (JB-As-L), which is similar to CL-As and possesses appropriate concentrations of reactive sites that promote the formation of mesophase. However, the prevalence of alkane-branched chains is most densely concentrated in the heavy fraction of JB-As (JB-As-H), which leads to an excessive concentration of reactive sites. The predominance of JB-As-H causes an increase of the system's viscosity in the early stage so that the collision of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon macromolecules is reduced and the formation of the mesophase is postponed eventually. This provides a profound understanding of the preparation of high-quality mesophase pitch by regulating the properties of raw materials.

Removal of catalyst particles in the fluid catalytic cracking slurry oil by chemical settling in a rotating packed bed

Removal of catalyst particles from the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) slurry oil is of crucial significance for its efficient utilization. In this work, the removal of catalyst particles from FCC slurry oil was performed in a stirring tank reactor (STR) and the optimal operating conditions in STR were obtained. Under the optimal operating conditions (900 rpm, 30 min, 95 °C, 24 h, 500 μg/g settling agent), the ash content in the FCC slurry oil treated by the chemical settling can be reduced from 5620 μg/g to 320 μg/g. These results showed that stirring speed, dosage of the settling agent, and mixing time are important to improve the removal efficiency of catalyst particles. Moreover, a rotating packed bed (RPB), as an intensified micromixing device, was employed to intensify the removal of catalyst particles from FCC slurry oil. The ash content in the FCC slurry oil treated by the chemical settling can be reduced from 5620 μg/g to 270 μg/g in RPB under the optimal operating conditions. The removal efficiency of the ash in RPB was increased by 15.6 % with respect to those obtained in STR. This work could provide relevant guidelines to rationally design efficient route for the removal of catalyst particles from FCC slurry oil.

Industrial Investigation of the Combined Action of Vacuum Residue Hydrocracking and Vacuum Gas Oil Catalytic Cracking While Processing Different Feeds and Operating under Distinct Conditions

Ebullated bed vacuum residue hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) are among the most profitable processes in modern refining. Their optimal performance is vital for petroleum refining profitability. That is why a better understanding of their combined action and the interrelations between these two heavy oil conversion processes in a real-world refinery could provide valuable information for further performance optimization. Nine distinct petroleum crudes belonging to the extra light, light, and medium petroleum crude types were processed in the LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas refinery to study the combined performance of two processes: FCC of vacuum gas oil and ebullated bed vacuum residue H-Oil hydrocracking. The operating conditions along with the characterization data of the feeds and products of both processes were evaluated through the employment of intercriteria analysis to define the variables with statistically significant relationships. Maple 2023 Academic Edition mathematics software was used to develop models to predict the vacuum residue conversion level under different operating conditions. The plug flow reactor model with an activation energy of 215 kJ/mol and a reaction order of 1.59 was found to provide the highest accuracy of vacuum residue conversion, with an average absolute deviation of 2.2%. H-Oil yields were found to correlate with the vacuum residue conversion level and the content of FCC slurry oil (SLO), the recycling of partially blended fuel oil, a material boiling point below 360 °C, and the vacuum gas oil (VGO) in the H-Oil feed. FCC conversion was found to depend on the H-Oil VGO content in the FCC feed and the content of FCC SLO in the H-Oil feed.

Effective electrostatic potential surface and aromatic affinity as quantitative guide for deep extraction denitrification from aromatic-rich oils

High polar and reactive nitrogen-containing compounds greatly hinder the application of slurry oil (SO) in carbon-based materials. Compared with the hydrodenitrification process, the extraction process avoids aromatic saturation. However, pure experiments could not effectively screen extractants because of the structural similarity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitrogen-containing PAH (NC-PAH). This work focused on searching for deep eutectic solvents (DESs) through sequential theoretical screening methods. The contradiction between denitrification efficiency (DN) and PAH loss (PL) could be weakened. Firstly, column chromatography, GC–MS, etc. were used to determine the molecular structure. The σ-profile, which performs the hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) property of molecules, was employed to crudely screen HBAs. Then, the interaction mechanism was obtained by multiple wave function analyses. An index named effective electrostatic potential (ESP) surface area, coined EES, was defined as the area of the region that apparently affected the interaction to predict DN. Additionally, the interaction energy (IE) of the cation of HBAs and non-basic PAH (nNC-PAH) was used to assess aromatic affinity and PL. The IE of HBAs and nNC-PAH linearly increased with EES, R2 = 0.9558. Meanwhile, DN was positively and linearly correlated with IE. Moreover, PL decreased slightly, then sharply, with the increase in aromatic affinity. The DN could reach about 65.1%, and the PL was limited to 3.8% after searching for high DN by EES and excluding high PL by aromatic affinity. These denitrification performances are crucially beneficial to the further preparation of carbon materials.

Selective Characterization of Olefins by Paternò-Büchi Reaction with Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Petroleum olefins play important roles in various secondary processing procedures and are important feedstocks for the modern organic chemical industry. It is quite challenging to analyze petroleum olefins beyond the gas chromatography (GC)-able range using mass spectrometry (MS) due to the difficulty of soft ionization and the matrix complexity. In this work, a Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction combined with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (APCI-UHRMS) was developed for selective analysis of olefins. Through the PB reaction, C═C bonds were transformed into four-membered rings of oxetane with improved polarity so that soft ionization of olefins could be achieved. The systematic optimization of PB reaction conditions, as well as MS ionization conditions, ensured a high reaction yield and a satisfied MS response. Furthermore, a sound scheme was set up to discriminate the coexisting unsaturated alkanes in complex petroleum, including linear olefins, nonlinear olefins, cycloalkanes, and aromatics, making use of their different behaviors during the PB reaction and chemical ionization. The developed strategy was successfully applied to the analysis of olefins in fluid catalytic cracking oil slurry, a complex heavy oil sample. This method extended the characterization of petroleum olefins from lower to higher with high efficiency and selectivity to provide a comprehensive molecular library for heavy petroleum samples and process optimization.

Insights into multi-stage mild co-carbonization of different fluidized catalytic cracking slurry oil narrow fractions

ABSTRACT Multi-stage mild co-carbonization of different fluidized catalytic cracking slurry oil narrow fractions was investigated. The characteristics of cokes derived from mild co-carbonization were found to be better than those from rapid co-carbonization. The improvement in quality of cokes derived from mild co-carbonization was reflected in every stage compared to carbonization of a single fraction. Further study revealed that transferable hydrogens can be released at every stage of mild carbonization and that more transferable hydrogens can be released from combined fraction (from 10.7 mg/g to 2.7 mg/g) than a single fraction (from 10.6 mg/g to 2.9 mg/g). These transferable hydrogens can stabilize the carbonization system, thus leading to better carbonization performance of combined narrow fractions.

Effect of Crude Oil Quality on Properties of Hydrocracked Vacuum Residue and Its Blends with Cutter Stocks to Produce Fuel Oil

The production of heavy fuel oil from hydrocracked vacuum residue requires dilution of the residue with cutter stocks to reduce viscosity. The hydrocracked residue obtained from different vacuum residue blends originating from diverse crude oils may have divergent properties and interact with the variant cutter stocks in a dissimilar way leading to changeable values of density, sediment content, and viscosity of the obtained fuel oil. H-Oil hydrocracked vacuum residues (VTBs) obtained from different crude blends (Urals, Siberian Light (LSCO), and Basrah Heavy) were diluted with the high aromatic fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) light cycle, heavy cycle, and slurry oil, and the low aromatic fluid catalytic cracking feed hydrotreater diesel cutter stocks and their densities, sediment content, and viscosity of the mixtures were investigated. Intercriteria analysis evaluation of the data generated in this study was performed. It was found that the densities of the blends H-Oil VTB/cutter stocks deviate from the regular solution behavior because of the presence of attractive and repulsive forces between the molecules of the H-Oil VTB and the cutter stocks. Urals and Basrah Heavy crude oils were found to enhance the attractive forces, while the LSCO increases the repulsive forces between the molecules of H-Oil VTBs and those of the FCC gas oils. The viscosity of the H-Oil VTB obtained during hydrocracking of straight run vacuum residue blend was established to linearly depend on the viscosity of the H-Oil vacuum residue feed blend. The applied equations to predict viscosity of blends containing straight run and hydrocracked vacuum residues and cutter stocks proved their good prediction ability with an average relative absolute deviation (%AAD) of 8.8%. While the viscosity was found possible to predict, the sediment content of the blends H-Oil VTBs/cutter stocks was recalcitrant to forecast.

Experimental study on pre-hydrogenation of catalytic slurry oil and co-carbonization of middle distillate and high boiling point distillate

A catalytic slurry oil (SO) was treated by moderate pre-hydrotreating, and the structural compositions, the thermal stability, the distillate oil yield, and the coking behavior of SO before and after hydrotreating were analyzed. The carbonization performance as well as the co-carbonization performance of the middle distillate (350–500 °C) and the high boiling point distillate (500–550 °C) derived from the hydrogenated SO (HSO) were investigated. The results show that the content of naphthenes and hydrogenated aromatics of HSO increases, while the olefin content decreases, and the olefinic hydrogen content of HSO decreases from 2.71% to 0.97%. Thus, the thermal stability of HSO is fundamentally improved. Additionally, compared with SO, the yields of the middle distillate and the high boiling point distillate of HSO increased by 25.8% and 23.1%, respectively. More importantly, there is no significant coke formation during distillation of HSO. The carbonization experimental results show that the anisotropic textural structure of the coke obtained from the middle distillate derived from HSO is the large flow domain structure, and the coke has the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) value of 2.25×10−6 °C−1. The carbonization performance of the high boiling point distillate derived from HSO is poor, while the co-carbonization with the middle distillate significantly improves the carbonization performance of the high boiling point distillate. The anisotropic textural structure of the coke derived from carbonization of combined fraction is the large flow domain structure and the CTE value is less than 2.30×10−6 °C−1, when the mass ratio of aromatic fraction to middle fraction is not higher than 2:1.

Influence of resin on the formation and development of mesophase in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) slurry oil

Resin is one of the key components of fluid catalytic cracking slurry oil which is the raw material to form high-quality mesophase pitch. The effect of resin variations on the formation of mesophase was investigated in this paper. The results showed when the resin addition was from 0 to 20 wt%, the formation rate of mesophase remained basically invariable, but it was beneficial to the development of mesophase pitch with higher order degree. However, excessive additions of resin (>20 wt%) sharply accelerated the formation of mesophase due to the high concentration of reactive sites in the system, which shortened the time to form pitch with mesophase content close to 100%, adversely it led to the generation of mesophase pitch with lower order degree. In addition, the approximate molecular structure model of resin was constructed by various characterization methods. The aromatic ring skeleton of resin was dominated by 3–4 ring aromatic hydrocarbons. Resin also possessed structural features such as higher aromaticity, higher N and S content, larger molecular size, longer branched chains, more cyclic alkane structures and methylene bridges, and higher concentration of reactive sites than FCC-exR. Furthermore, an explanation of the effect of resin on the formation and development of mesophase with respect to the molecular structure characteristics was presumed. This work has important implications for regulating the raw material properties of FCC slurry oil and the preparation of high-quality mesophase pitch.

A coupling model of fluid catalytic cracking and diesel hydrotreating processes to study the effects of reaction temperature on the composition of diesel

The coupling optimization between different plants was the most difficult and key problem in refineries. To accurately describe the effective transfer of material flow information between Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) and Diesel Hydrotreating (DH) processes and realize the coupling simulation for these processing units in refineries, a coupling model of FCC and DH processes using a fractionation tower simulation system was established to calculate the hydrocarbon compositions of diesel based on the Structure Oriented Lumping (SOL) method. The fractionation tower simulation system developed by MATLAB software was used to divide the molecular composition matrix of FCC product into the molecular composition matrices of dry gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel, and oil slurry. The molecular composition matrix of diesel contained 73, 69, 183, 121 and 743 structural vectors representing paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, aromatics and non-hydrocarbon molecules, respectively. The fractionation ratios of the hydrocarbon group compositions with carbon numbers between 5 and 12 in the molecular composition matrix of gasoline and diesel were calculated. The effective transmission of material flow in the FCC and DH processes was accurately expressed by the transmission of the molecular composition matrix of diesel obtained by the fractionation tower simulation system. The effects of FCC and DH reaction conditions on the hydrocarbon compositions of diesel were calculated at the molecular level by the FCC-DH process coupling model. Through the FCC-DH process coupling model using a fractionation tower simulation system, the transformation laws of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon molecules in different devices could be revealed to provide guidance for reducing the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur in diesel, optimizing operating conditions and controlling product quality indicators.

Depletion attraction driven formation of Spirulina emulsion gels for 3D printing

3D printing has been applied to create nutritious foods with tailored textures for the elderly. However, the edible materials that possess the elastoplastic properties and shear-thinning behavior required for direct-write 3D printing are limited. In this study, we developed a simple approach to fabricate Spirulina emulsion gels as edible 3D printable material by exploiting depletion attraction between emulsion droplets. By controlling the volume ratio of continuous and oil phases, mixing highly viscous Spirulina slurry and vegetable oil could form self-standing oil-in-water emulsion gels with elastoplastic rheological properties. Also, adding food polysaccharides into the continuous phase could act as depletants to drive the formation of emulsion gels. Auto-fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy were employed to characterize the interfacial protein compositions of the emulsion, showing that phycobilisome (PBS) particles might play a dominant role in the formation of Spirulina emulsions. The depletion attraction could drive the adsorption of PBS particles onto the droplet interface, and the particle-armored droplets in the dispersed phase connected into a percolating droplet cluster, resulting in arrested dynamics and gelation. Overall, this novel approach can be applied by exploiting depletion attraction and opens up possibilities for using high-solids viscous food slurries to produce personalized 3D-printed foods.

Influence of waste brake oil on the rheological properties of coal-sludge water slurry.

In this work, the effect of waste brake oil (WBO) on the dispersion property of coal-sludge oil slurry (CSOS) was investigated and comprehensively analyzed. Apparent viscosity of CSOS decreases from 997 to 276mPa.s with the increasing of SS content from 0 to 12% under the calorific value (CV) of 17.70MJ/kg and oil/sludge ratio (O/S) of 2.0. The combination of sewage sludge (SS) and WBO could decrease the apparent viscosity of CSOS, and SS content and O/S are two important parameters to affect the apparent viscosity. WBO mainly contains the hydrocarbon compound and a lot of oxygenated functional groups according to its GC/MS results. WBO could cover on the surface of SS and coal particle, and reduce their hydrophobic character and the adsorbance amount of dispersant based on the FTIR, XPS and adsorption performance results. In addition, the mechanism of WBO on slurry characteristics of CSOS was investigated. With the low content of WBO, the liquid bridges from WBO force the solid particles to adhere together and form a stable network structure, thus reducing the flow ability of the suspension. With the increasing of WBO, the network structures could be broken into cells, resulting in a dramatic decrease in viscosity. This research provides a potential way to dispose the SS and waste industry oil.

Research progress in the preparation of mesophase pitch from fluid catalytic cracking slurry.

For the preparation of high-performance pitch-based carbon fibers and other carbon materials, mesophase pitch serves as a high-quality precursor. Since FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) oil slurry is abundant in aromatic hydrocarbons and saturated hydrocarbons (about 95% in total), it has become an ideal choice for developing new carbon material products. This paper details the research progress of preparing mesophase asphalt with FCC oil slurry as a raw material from perspectives including the preparation method of synthesizing mesophase asphalt from FCC oil slurry, the impact factors of the formation process of mesophase asphalt and the industrial application of mesophase asphalt.

Evaluation of the utility of isotropic pitches as solvent components of spinnable mesophase pitch precursors for highly graphitizable functional carbon materials

Spinnable mesophase pitch (SMP) is an important graphitizable precursor for high-performance carbon materials. Generally, SMPs show fully developed anisotropic texture, and the pitches contain isotropic contents more than 30 wt%, which plays the role of solvent for the mesogenic components in the lyotropic liquid crystalline system of the pitch. Here, we prepared SMP by blending the mesogenic components of AR mesophase pitch with various isotropic pitches to evaluate the usability of isotropic pitches as solvents. The mesogenic components were prepared by tetrahydrofuran fractionation of AR mesophase pitch. Isotropic pitches with a softening point of 140–220 °C were prepared separately by simple heat treatment of slurry oil (SO) and coal tar pitch (CTP). SMPs were prepared by thermal blending of the above mentioned mesogenic components and isotropic pitches in various blending ratios. CTP-derived isotropic pitch showed better solvent performance than a SO-derived pitch in terms of anisotropic texture. SMP prepared by blending of the mesogenic components and CTP-derived isotropic pitch with a softening point of 180 °C at the ratio of 4/6 (w/w) showed almost 100% anisotropic texture; the carbon fiber derived from the pitch showed tensile strength of 2.7 GPa and Young’s modulus of 470 GPa after graphitization at 2,800 °C.

Simplification of temperature-programmed oxidation method to characterize petroleum cokes

A series of carbonaceous materials with various structural orders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarized-light microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and traditional temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) method. A simplified TPO method was proposed, using Tmax (oxidation temperature corresponding to the maximum heat flow of the TPO profile) as the key parameter to indicate the structural orders of petroleum cokes. The Tmax parameter was compared to the Tmean parameter from traditional deconvolution of TPO profiles. The effectiveness of the simplified TPO method was verified in the characterization of petroleum cokes derived from multi-stage mild co-carbonization of FCC slurry oil narrow fractions. The Tmax parameter was further compared to the interlayer spacing parameter from XRD analysis in an attempt to correlate TPO oxidation reactivity and XRD structural parameter. The simplification of TPO method allows convenient characterization of the structural orders of petroleum cokes, especially when there are not sufficient coke samples available.

Research on the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of two typical inferior heavy oils

• Isoconversional methods and DAEM were used to calculate kinetic parameters. • Major weight loss of heavy oil pyrolysis occurred in active pyrolytic stage. • DAEM method had a high applicability to the pyrolysis of heavy oil. The present study deals with the pyrolysis characteristics of two typical inferior heavy oils slurry oil (SO) and deoiled asphalt (DOA) based on thermogravimetric data at multiple heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min. Three isoconversional methods (Friedman, FWO and KAS) and distributed activation energy model (DAEM) method were used to evaluate the kinetics. The results showed that major mass loss of SO and DOA occurred in active pyrolytic stage, at which the mass loss rate reached up to 90.9 wt% (SO) and 55.5 wt% (DOA), respectively. The emissions of CH 4 , H 2 O, CO and CO 2 in the temperature range 400–600 °C contributed to the mass loss of DOA, whereas the mass loss of SO was ascribed to the cracking and condensation. The average activation energy ( E ) of SO and DOA were 101.48 and 219.32 kJ/mol for Friedman, 89.51 and 191.90 kJ/mol for FWO, 82.05 and 190.07 kJ/mol for KAS, respectively. DAEM method had a high applicability to the pyrolysis process of SO and DOA. The calculated peak proportions of four independent hypothetical components basically conformed to the fraction proportions of SO and DOA. The weighted E of DAEM method was higher than the average E of three isoconversional methods, explaining the four components of heavy oil was not single chemical reactions during pyrolysis, but interactive reaction.

A novel green chemical mechanical polishing for potassium dihydrogen phosphate using corn oil slurry

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4, KDP) offers a promising potential for high-power laser and nuclear fusion systems. However, it is a great challenge to controllably process KDP crystal that is one of the most difficult-to-process materials due to its soft-brittle, deliquescence, and temperature sensitivity. In this work, novel green chemical mechanical polishing slurry was developed by utilizing corn oil, CeO2, Na2CO3 solution, and polysorbate. After CMP, the surface roughness Sa of KDP is achieved to 0.648 nm with a large scanning area of 10,000 μm2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest surface roughness of KDP reported so far for such a large measurement area. During CMP, the encased small amount of Na2CO3 solution in corn oil can be released under mechanical stress, which causes the bulges of KDP surface to form deliquescent soft layer and occur a bit of dissociation. Meanwhile, the reaction of CO32− and dissociated H2PO4− can produce CO2 gas, playing the role in protecting the concave area on the surface from being dissolved. These findings provide a promising avenue for the development of high-performance surfaces with the nature of soft-brittle and deliquescence.

Optimization of Molecular Composition Distribution of Slurry Oil by Supercritical Fluid Extraction to Improve the Structure and Performance of Mesophase Pitch

The composition distribution of slurry oil has a significant impact on the structure and performance of the mesophase. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction oil (SFEO) and extraction components were extracted from two slurry oils (SLOs) using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique. The fundamental properties and composition distribution of two SLOs and associated SFEOs were thoroughly investigated. Electron microscopy and spectroscopic techniques were employed to study the morphology and structures of mesophase pitch produced by carbonizing SLOs and their extraction components under the same conditions. The findings revealed that, compared to SLO–LH, SLO–SH has a higher proportion of 4–5 aromatic rings and a narrower hydrocarbon distribution range. In SLO–LH, O1, N1, and N1O1 molecules with long side chains and poor flatness make up the majority of the heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The distribution of CH compounds can be narrowed by using supercritical fluid extraction to efficiently separate various heteroatom-containing compounds with a higher condensation degree. After supercritical extraction, the mesophase content, texture distribution, and graphitization degree of the mesophase were improved. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with high planarity help polymer macromolecules stick together and build up in an orderly way. Heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with high condensation and low planarity, on the other hand, play an important role in the formation of mosaic structures.