Slope Protection Work Research Articles

Use of RCC pile, anchor bolt and geogrid for building construction on the unstable slope

Rapid construction of buildings in urban area is creating lack of space available for new construction. This problem enforced to construct building on slope in hilly regions. However, the engineers and designers are concerned with the stability analysis of structures built on soil slopes, as it is difficult to achieve a uniform structural level on mountainous terrain. Also, it cannot be reduced to the same level of structural forms and part of base member may not be bound by an identical horizontal plane. The fundamental stability of the structure built on hill slope depends upon on its slope stability. Slope failure has been identified as one of the frequent devastating natural disasters that have claimed huge loss of property and lives. Therefore, in this research, “Phase 2 (2002)”, a Rocscience Finite Element (FE) program and “Slide”, a Rocscience limit equilibrium program were used to simulate and analyze a complex multi-staged model with RCC pile, Anchor Bolt and Geogrid for the stability analysis of slope. Bishop’s method was used to evaluate and analyze the factor of safety. Analysis of the two section (Section 1-1 and 2-2) of slope was taken into consideration for slope stability analysis. As per the analysis using the limit equilibrium approach, the factor of safety for existing slope at Section 1-1 and Section 1-1 was found to be 0.579 and 0.70 respectively. Moreover, it was found that the factor of safety of slope was increased significantly from 0.579 to 1.593 in Sections 1-1 and 0.70 to 1.319 in Section 2-2. In addition, the factor of safety of slope with strength reduction method is 1.408 and 1.05 for Sections 1 and 2 respectively after slope stabilization work in seismic condition. This shows that, the construction of buildings in slope terrain is possible, but it needs specialized excavation and slope protection work. RCC pile with anchor bolt and geogrid is one of the sustainable solutions for construction of structure in slope area.

Effects of Planting Density of Poaceae Species on Slope Community Characteristics and Artificial Soil Nutrients in High-Altitude Areas

Ecological restoration of slopes in high-altitude areas is usually difficult. Gramineae species are widely used in slope vegetation restoration due to their strong adaptability and rapid growth. In the process of ecological slope protection, increasing the seeding rate of gramineous species usually improves the success rate of slope vegetation restoration, but the long-term effect is not obvious. Therefore, choosing an appropriate planting density of grass species is beneficial to the sustainable restoration of slopes in high-altitude areas. This study evaluated the effects of different planting densities of Poaceae species on community characteristics and artificial soil nutrients on high-altitude slopes. The slope ecological protection engineering experiment was carried out in Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province. Commercial seed mixtures of five grasses and legumes were sown at three different planting densities of Poaceae species (10, 5, and 1 g/m2). Plant community species composition, community diversity index, and soil-available nutrients were determined annually. The results showed that there were differences in the species composition of the slope plant community under different planting densities. There was a significant negative logarithmic correlation between the community diversity indices and the planting density of grass species, and it changed with the recovery time. There were significant differences in hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in artificial soil, and they decreased with a logarithmic function of the recovery time. There was a positive correlation between the community diversity indices and the soil nutrient content. Overall, our study shows that low planting densities of Poaceae species are beneficial to the long-term stability of ecological restoration when ecological slope protection works are performed on slopes in high-altitude areas.

Study about applicability of iron slag for impermeable slope protection work

Study about applicability of iron slag for impermeable slope protection work

DESIGN OF THE DOBRA CHANTI SUSPENSION BRIDGE IN DISTRICT TEHRI GARHWAL, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Since the Tehri dam was constructed on the River Bhagirathi in 2006, considerable productive land areas, many villages, including old Tehri town in Tehri-Garhwal district has been submerged. It has also disconnected the travel and transportation routes along the east slopes of the reservoir, making the local residents lose access to the New Tehri town, which is equipped with resident-friendly facilities including health and education institutions and markets. Accordingly, the Uttarakhand Government has proposed to build the Dobra-Chanti H.M.V. Suspension Bridge to meet the local demand for an easy intra-regional accessibility, especially between the left and right sides of the River Bhagirathi. The project consists of a single-span suspension bridge, an approach bridge at each end of the suspension bridge, and slope protection work on each side. The suspension bridge has a 440m-long stiffening truss girder, 57m-tall steel towers, locked coil cable systems including suspenders, and anchor blocks. The approach bridges are reinforced concrete bridges with T-shaped beams. And river side slopes installed on both banks are protected and stabilized through CC blocks, shotcrete, and anchor bolts. All cek dimension has met the requirement

Ecological Protection Design Strategy for Mountain Tourism Highway Slopes

Slope ecological protection technology is a form of slope protection with high ornamental and good economic value. At present, it is widely used in highways and urban streets’ slope protection works. However, its use is not very common in mountain tourism highways; hence, it is necessary to implement strategies for mountain tourism highway slope ecological protection design to promote excellent development.

Strength behaviour of cohesionless soil reinforced with coconut leaf let as a natural material

This paper presents the applicability of randomly distributed natural fibres by conducting an extensive series of experimental investigation carried out on sandy soil with coconut leaf-let. The present study examines the behaviour of natural fibre reinforced soil by conducting tri-axial shear test. Random inclusions of natural fibres are adopted for this particular study. Moreover, the randomly distributed fibres impress as a plant root that helps to stabilize the soil. The coconut leaf-let of length 2.5 cm are placed layer by layers on sand. The percentage of reinforcement used was 1%, 2% and 3% respectively, by weight of sand to enhance the engineering properties. The diameter of the tri-axial sample is 100 mm with an aspect ratio of 2. The results obtained from the experimental studies indicated that with a fibre content of 3%, the improvement factor obtained is 3.3. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that, the shear strength ratio of the reinforced soil is decreasing with increase in confining pressure. In contrast, the behaviour of the reinforced coconut leaf-let fibre specimen exhibit bulging failure mode. Overall, coconut leaf-let is good reinforcement material to enhance the engineering properties and this material can be successfully used for various civil engineering applications such as slope protection work and earthen embankment sub grade.

Stormwater and Drainage Master Plan and Formulation of Best Management Practices for Cameron Highlands

One of the main ecotourism areas in Malaysia is Cameron Highlands and due to illegal farming and uncontrolled logging, the rivers are being polluted. The main problems lie in Cameron Highlands included stormwater management, water quantity and water quality issues, sedimentation problem, mud flood as well as erosion and landslide occurrence. Therefore, this research is generating the stormwater and drainage Master Plan for the Cameron Highlands. The research aims to minimize the flooding impacts due to inadequacies in stormwater and drainage systems in urban areas and agricultural farms and provide a holistic solution which cultivated a specific guideline for agricultural in hilly areas. The recommended stormwater management master plan is focused on providing quantity and quality control system, sedimentation basins and slope protection work. The master plan also takes into consideration non-structural measures such as public awareness programs and law enforcement scheme. Finally, the research shows the Erosion Induced Landslide Risk Maps for Cameron Highlands Catchment for the stakeholders and farmers. This research thus plays a big role in generating the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) guidelines as one of the stormwaters and drainage master plan component in Cameron Highlands for the relevant authority’s agency.

Field measurement about water content in embankment covered by slope protection work

Field measurement about water content in embankment covered by slope protection work

Geosynthetic applications in high-speed railways: a case study

A high-speed railway project for trains with speeds of 160–180 km/h was recently completed in Malaysia. An array of geosynthetics such as biaxial geogrids, non-woven geotextiles and woven geotextiles were extensively used in the project primarily for separation, filtration and reinforcement purposes. The geosynthetics were particularly used at locations of high embankments underlain by soft clays and loose sands. Ground improvement using geosynthetics in the project primarily included geogrid-reinforced piled embankments with individual pile caps, geogrids at bridge approach transitions, geogrids for ground treatment beneath culverts, geogrids for culverts supported by stone columns, woven geotextiles for cement column works, non-woven geotextiles for excavation works, non-woven geotextiles at the top of the railway subgrade layer, non-woven geotextiles for temporary retaining walls and non-woven geotextiles for slope protection works. This paper provides a detailed insight into the design and implementation of ground improvement using geogrids and geotextiles in this case study project, with a focus on the geogrid reinforcement design of piled embankments with individual pile caps. The use of geosynthetics in the various railway applications in the project was found to provide safe and cost-effective solutions to the various geotechnical engineering challenges encountered.

Experiment of vegetation covering for slope protection work ; Case of a cold region with minimal snow depth, Tokachi

Experiment of vegetation covering for slope protection work ; Case of a cold region with minimal snow depth, Tokachi

Biodegradation of Coir Geotextiles Attached Media in Aerobic Biological Wastewater Treatment

Coir is a hard and tough organic fibre, rich in cellulose and lignin, and possesses high specific area and wetting ability - factors which are important for bacterial adhesion in fixed film processes. Few studies have been reported on the durability of coir geotextiles, when used in Civil Engineering applications such as slope protection works. However, its durability when used as the media in biofilters, for wastewater treatment extensively has not been studied yet. Durability of coir geotextiles has been assessed by keeping it in wet condition and measuring the tensile strength of the fibres, at different times. In the present study, coir geotextiles that were used as the attachment media in a biofilter, for treatment of organic rich wastewater was tested for durability. The units were operated as aerobic, gravity flow filters. Different wastewater parameters were employed in each of these runs. Tensile strength of the fibres was determined after each run. Results show that loss of tensile strength (or degradation) is influenced by the characteristics of the effluent wastewater to the filter, due to the growth of microorganisms which depends upon the concentration of substrates in the wastewater. Permeability studies shows reduction in permeability, is influenced by the organic loading rate on the filters and the duration of filter operation. SEM studies and E-DAX analysis shows the biodegradation of the fibres constituents, influenced by the substrate concentration.

Application of Gabion Slope Protection of Nanyang River Channel Regulation in Tianzhen County

Nanyang River channel regulation is one of the major projects for river comprehensive management project in Tianzhen reach of the Nanyang River. According to the geological conditions of ecological restoration, Gabion retaining wall is designed to protect the bed or banks of a stream against erosion. Gabion is made of double twisted hexagonal wire mesh, the thickness of gabion basket and mattress is 50 cm and 30 cm respectively. The slope protection work consists of two parts, the lower part is vertical wall and the upper part is slope wall. The results show that this work can solve the problem of uneven settlement and river scouring, sustain restoration of biodiversity and achieve the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature.

A Method for Evaluating the Stability of Cutting Slope Protection Work Subject to Weathered Layer Earth Pressure

In this report, further insight was obtained into earth pressure characteristics of the weathered layer behind slope protection work through laboratory tests based on results from investigations into the actual cutting slopes. Experiments were performed using models built on the measured conditions of weathered layers as determined by the above investigations. The outcome showed that it was possible to reproduce the earth pressure of the weathered layer as obtained from the experiments by considering the friction of the back surface of slope protection work. An evaluation method was then developed on the basis of results from the experiments.

On the Landscape Evaluation and the Construction Cost of Roadside Slope Protection

This study examines the relation between respected evaluation of landscape and construction costs of slope protection works. The nine experts tested 100 leaves of photographs by two standards. The result of experiment was analyzed by the quantification theory method. The use material, the surface design, the lower part design, and the combination of design types are effective. As the material of retaining wall, though the cost of construction is high, stone is evaluated better than concrete blocks. The profitable method was no handling and revegetation. Mortar sprayed and concrete crib work took disadvantage.