Slope Body Research Articles

Study on the cumulative effect of drip irrigation on the stability of loess slopes

Infiltration of irrigation water is an important factor affecting the stability of loess slopes. In this study, based on the Green-Ampt infiltration model. We analysed the cumulative effect of drip irrigation on the stability of loess slope through an indoor cumulative drip-irrigation infiltration test with a single-point source, which was combined with the Geo-Studio finite-element software. Our results show that: (1) infiltration of drip irrigation in loess slopes has an obvious cumulative phenomenon. The depth of infiltration and volumetric water content of underlying soil increase with increasing cumulative number of drip irrigation; (2) the infiltration time calculated by the classical and improved Green-Ampt infiltration models is more in line with the experimental results, with errors ranging from 4 to 11%. (3) Short-term 3-day drip irrigation creates a layer of infiltration area on the slope surface. The safety coefficient of the slope body is reduced by 0.01, which has less impact on the slope. Long-term 3-year drip irrigation increased the volumetric water content of the entire slope, and decreased the safety coefficient by 0.91, which had a greater impact on the slope. Our results have important scientific significance slope-disaster warnings, and prevention in loess areas.

Motion process and failure mode of Pusa landslide, China based on dense optical flow method

ABSTRACT Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is widely applied in geohazard monitoring with its high resolution and feasibility features, where UAV videos can record the whole landslide failure process. Previous studies can only provide the qualitative depiction of the landslide failure process, rather than the quantitative motion process, which makes it difficult to analyse the landslide dynamic characteristics and failure mode. In this letter, we take UAV video of Pusa landslide, China obtained on 28 August 2017 to retrieve the landslide motion process by using the dense optical flow method. Firstly, the landslide boundary can be clearly depicted by the cumulative landslide motion time series maps. Secondly, the maximum cumulative motion distance of the Pusa landslide was located in the middle of the slope body, with the maximum distance as 79 m, while the maximum instantaneous motion rate was around 42 m/s in the middle and lower part of the slope body. Finally, the failure mode of Pusa landslide can be characterized as ‘fissure zone in the middle, fissure extension to the top, rock bulges outward in the middle and landslide failure to high-speed runout debris flow’.

Failure mechanism of loess landslide induced by water stagnation on the combined surface

In order to reveal the destructive mechanism of loess landslide induced by stagnant water on the combined surface, and to clarify the influence of the main control factors, this paper takes a typical loess landslide in northern Shaanxi as the research object, analyzes the structure of the rock and soil body, and the excavation and filling construction through the geohazard survey, and analyzes the process of traction sliding caused by the stagnant water on the combined surface at the different stages of the project by combining with the calculation of the stability of the slope body. Further the article analyses the process of traction sliding caused by water on the combined area due to construction by means of a discrete element model, and delves into the mechanism of strength reduction of saturated loess. The results show that: 1) the combined surface stagnant water type loess landslide has the characteristics of sudden sliding and rapid evolution, which is highly hazardous and difficult to prevent and control; 2) the slope destabilization is controlled by the engineering geological conditions, and the slope excavation changes the original mechanical equilibrium conditions of the slope, which provides the dynamic conditions for the traction sliding of the slope; 3) the change of the hydrogeological environment results in the obstruction of the natural drainage channel, which leads to the formation of continuous sliding surface due to stagnant water on the combined surface, and the formation of a continuous sliding surface due to stagnant water on the combined surface. Surface stagnant water to form a continuous slippery surface, inducing the overall destabilization of the slope damage; 4) loess strength index with the increase of saturation and the exponential function form of reduction, and when the saturation degree reaches more than 80%, the strength index of the soil body to reach the basic stability. The article expanding the ideas of landslide control and analysis, and the research results will provide a theoretical basis for the design of junction landslide management in the loess areas of northern Shaanxi.

Influence Mechanism of Water Level Variation on Deformation of Steep and Toppling Bedding Rock Slope

The construction of major hydropower projects globally is challenged by slope deformation in reservoir areas. The deformation and failure mechanisms of large rock slopes are complex and poorly understood, making prevention and management extremely challenging. In order to explore the influence mechanism of the water level variation on the deformation of steep toppling bedding rock slopes, this paper takes the right bank slope near the dam area of the Longtou Hydropower Station as an example, and field investigations, deformation monitoring, physical simulation tests and numerical analyses are carried out. It is found that the slope deformation response is obvious under the influence of the reservoir water level variation, which is mainly reflected in the change in the slope groundwater level, rock mechanical parameters and seepage field in the slope body. The toe of the slope produces plastic deformation and maximum displacement. With the increase in the reservoir water level, the plastic zone expands and the displacement increases, which leads to the intensification of the slope deformation. This paper puts forward that the deformation and failure modes of the steep and toppling bedding rock slope caused by water level variation are due to shear dislocation, bending deformation and toppling fracture. This study reveals the influence mechanism of the water level variation on the deformation of steep and toppling bedding rock slopes, which can provide theoretical support for the construction of major hydropower projects.

Experimental study on joint sensing and early warning method of landslide disaster based on NPR-OFST

In order to explore more effective methods of landslide disaster monitoring and controlling, NPR anchor cable and optical fiber grating strain sensor are physically combined to form a slope reinforcement-monitoring integration system, with PVC pipe an intermediary. Physical model test is carried out according to timely warning of landslide disasters of the Newtonian force monitoring system. At the same time, the optical fiber sensing technology has the condition of continuous perception of time and space. The feasibility of monitoring the whole life cycle of slope instability and positioning the potential sliding surface is discussed. Through the analysis of the test results, it is concluded that the fiber grating strain sensor can effectively monitor the deep displacement of the slope. PVC pipe and the soil have deformation coordination, which is able to effectively reinforce the slope body together with the combined anchor cable sensing device, and can continuously sense the potential sliding surface in the whole life cycle of the slope. By comparing the results of Newton force monitoring curve with the fiber grating strain monitoring, the mechanical law of “Newton force sudden drops, immediately catastrophe happens” is further verified. The feasibility of the combined sensing and early warning method of optical fiber sensing technology and Newton force monitoring is verified. This method realizes the further optimization of Newton force monitoring system.

Slope stability considering multi-fissure seepage under rainfall conditions

Fissures form the channel for rainwater infiltration, which accelerate the infiltration of rainwater into slope bodies, hence its important impact on the seepage field and stability of the slope. In this paper, taking one landslide of Liang-Wan freeway as the research object, firstly, the equivalent permeability coefficient method is used to homogenize the fissured soil. Then considering the boundary conditions of rainfall infiltration and groundwater level, a fluid–structure coupling model is established based on saturated–unsaturated seepage theory, and evolution characteristics of seepage, displacement and stress of the slope are studied. Based on these, the slope stability coefficient is determined. The results show that the rising rate of pore water pressure and volume water content of topsoil increases when multi-fissure seepage is considered, and the pore water velocity is larger in the local seepage range of fissures. With the increase of buried depth, the closer to groundwater level, the influence of multi-fissure seepage gradually weakens. The theoretical calculation results of slope displacement are more consistent with the field monitoring results. With the increase of rainfall time, the stability coefficient of slope decreases gradually, and the rate and range of decrease are greater.

Multi-temporal Monitoring for Road Slope Collapse by Means of LUTAN-1 SAR Data and High Resolution Optical Data

Abstract. Collapse is one of the most destructive natural disaster, being sudden, frequent, and highly concealed, causing large-scale damage. On August 10, 2023, the slope of 108 national highway in Weinan, Shaanxi Province collapsed. The lower edge of the collapse slope body is the Luohe river, and the collapse body rushes into the river to form a barrier lake. Remote sensing technique can provide multiple dimensional information for disaster emergency and management. Lutan-1 SAR satellites are the first group L-band SAR constellation for multiple applications in China. Owing to the precise orbit control ability and high revisit characteristics for Lutan-1 SAR satellites, surface deformation monitoring with centimeter even millimeter accuracy may be achieved. Based on the multi-temporal pre-disaster and post-disaster Lutan-1 SAR data and high resolution optical data, the collapse information including the pre-disaster and post-disaster were extracted and analysed. From July 11 to 27, 2023, the pre-collapse deformation was obtained with the maximum value of 6 cm, and obvious deformation occurred before the collapse. Lutan-1 monitored results pre-collapse can provide certain information for disaster early identification. From July 27 to August 24, 2023, due to the serious incoherence caused by large deformation and ground changes, effective deformation information cannot be obtained based on the InSAR technique. In addition, the collapse information was clearly extracted by the high resolution optical data acquired pre-collapse and post collapse. After the collapse, significant deformation was extracted from August 24 to September 21 with the maximum value of 6 cm, indicating that obvious deformation still occurred over the collapse area. Through the analysis for the series results obtained by SAR and optical data, it is favourable for disaster emergency and management.

Mechanism of rainfall‐induced toppling in loess collapses

AbstractTo study the formation mechanism of rainfall‐induced soil erosion, collapse and landslides in the Loess Plateau based on the unsaturated soil seepage theory and the effective stress principle, the failure process of collapse with cracks under heavy and long‐term rainfall was investigated using the finite element method. The results showed that under the action of heavy rain, surface run‐off quickly gathered in cracks to form a dominant flow, resulting in a rapid increase in the water level and hydrostatic pressure in the cracks. The strength of the soil at the tip of the crack decreased rapidly under the softening effect of the water, and tensile failure occurred. The crack accelerated downward to the foot of the slope, causing the steep slope to collapse. Long‐term rainfall acts directly on the soil near the crack, resulting in faster saturation than the soil inside the slope body. When the rainfall time exceeded a certain value, the soil near the crack reached a saturated state, and the soil strength was minimized. Simultaneously, the seepage force generated when rainwater inside the collapsed body seeps from its outer edge increases the overturning moment of the collapsed body. Under the continuous action of rainfall, the cracks gradually extended to the foot of the slope, causing the collapsed body to fail. These research results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of land degradation and collapse disasters on the Loess Plateau.

The effect of lateral thrust on the progressive slope failure under excavation and rainfall conditions

Large landslides can involve the multiple failures of regional slopes. To understand the effect of lateral thrust caused by the failure of one slope on its surroundings, the failures of two adjacent highway slopes in Guangdong Province, China, were investigated in detail. The interactive failure processes and landslide morphological characteristics of the two slopes were first analyzed based on the on-site investigation. Then, a plane mechanical model of a large-scale slope was established to evaluate the significant influence of the lateral thrust generated by the west slope acting on the east excavated slope. Furthermore, the extrusion effect of the west slope was modelled under the alternate excavation disturbance and rainfall by transferring the thrust forces onto the interface elements, and the induced failure mechanism and instability mode of the east slope under lateral thrust were reproduced numerically. The results show that the compression-shear failure occurred at the middle and rear slope bodies because of the lateral thrust, which led to the formation of a thrust landslide and the final instability of the east slope.

Complex Deposit Slope Excavation Deformation Mechanism and Seismic Reinforcement Effect Evaluation

Background To further investigate the excavation deformation mechanism and remedial strategies for slope reinforcement in the southwest mountain area, the Baihetan-Jiangsu (Zhejiang) UHV transmission project deposit slope deformation reinforcement was used as a case study. Methods Deep displacement monitoring, on-site testing, and FLAC3D numerical simulation techniques were employed. The assessment of the deposit slope excavation deformation mechanism and the effectiveness of seismic reinforcement for different design options and pile parameters are conducted while analyzing the seismic reinforcement mechanism. Results and Discussions The results showed that (1) The deposit slope composed of “multi-genetic type soil” in the converter station is prone to deformation, where the dominant instability mode is “traction creep and tension failure mode.” (2) Both circular and rectangular anti-slide piles significantly reduce the amount of slope body deformation; employing circular anti-slide piles for addressing this type of deposit slope provides enhanced anti-slide retention and economic benefits. (3) Under the influence of an earthquake, the shear force and bending moment of the anti-slide pile first increase and then decrease with the increase of seismic intensity. Conclusion The distribution law of shear force and bending moment in a pile should be considered comprehensively in slope support design.

Static and seismic stability investigation of a bamboo grid reinforced slope with different stepped reinforcing arrangements

Bamboo is primarily used as a soil reinforcement material to build roadways and stabilize slopes and river banks. The current study aims to examine how bamboo grid reinforcing slopes behave in the form of various stepped reinforcing arrangements. The static and seismic characteristics of a slope reinforced with a bamboo grid were examined through 3D numerical analyses employing the finite element program MIDAS GTS NX (340) 2023 v1.1. In this study, the Strength Reduction Method (SRM), a crucial technique in finite element analysis, is utilized to compute the factor of safety and displacement in static stability analysis. Seismic stability analysis is conducted using non-linear time history analysis, examining the changes in critical slope parameters in response to seismic excitation. Three distinct arrangements of bamboo grids were employed to enhance slope stability. Static stability analysis, considering the factor of safety and deformation, was conducted for various bamboo grid-reinforced slope arrangements. Additionally, a comprehensive seismic analysis was performed specifically for the type 2 bamboo grid reinforcement arrangement, using the seismic record from the 1971 San Fernando Down earthquake. The safety factor increases by 52.10%, 68.67%, and 62.65% for type 1, 2, and 3 arrangements, respectively, compared to the unreinforced slope. Consequently, the type 2 bamboo grid-reinforced slope arrangement exhibits superior stability in terms of the safety factor. The lateral displacement of the type 2 arrangement is minimal compared to other types. Furthermore, a bamboo grid-reinforced slope with a vertical spacing of 1.5 m demonstrates less deformation than slopes with different vertical spacings. The seismic stability of the slope body surpasses other sections of the bamboo grid-reinforced slope.

The Influence of Rainfall and Evaporation Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Open-Pit Coal Mine Dumps in Cam Pha, Quang Ninh Region of Vietnam

Among the slope hazards caused by rainfall, not all of them occur directly during storm washout, and the wetting–drying cycles’ effect on the rainfall–evaporation process is an important cause of shallow slope instability. In this study, taking the slope of the open-pit coal mine dumps in Cam Pha, in the Quang Ninh region of Vietnam, as the research object, we carry out experiments on the physical properties of the rock body under different wetting–drying cycles, as well as numerical analyses. The results show that the wetting–drying cycles significantly affect the physical and mechanical parameters and permeability of the rock body. In the process of the wetting–drying cycle, a transient saturated zone occurs on the surface of the slope, and the range of the unsaturated zone inside the slope body decreases with the increase in the number of wetting–drying cycles. Moreover, the infiltration line keeps moving downward, but the rate of downward movement is slowed down by the decrease in the gradient of matrix suction affected by rainfall. Under the influence of the wetting–drying cycles, the slope displacement, plastic zone, and maximum shear strain increment range gradually approach the slope surface with the wetting–drying cycles, and the displacement peak gradually increases. A dump is a site for the centralized discharge of mining waste, formed by the crushing and stockpiling of the original rock formation. Bang Nau is the name of the dump considered in this study. After multiple rainfall events, the slope stability under five wetting–drying cycles decreases from 1.721 to 1.055, and the landslide mode changes from a whole landslide to a single-step shallow landslide, with a certain landslide risk. It is necessary to strengthen the slope stability as the landslide risk is very high, and it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and inspection of the slope.

Failure Process of High-Loess-Filled-Slopes (HLFSs) during Precipitation under Different Mitigation Measures

The problems of gully and soil erosion caused by large-scale urban construction and agricultural development in China have become more and more serious in recent years. In an effort to solve this problem, a series of gully stabilization and highland protection projects have been carried out on the Loess Plateau, and this has resulted in a large number of high-loess-filled-slopes (HLFSs). Although these filled slopes uses several different mitigation measures, the HLFSs have been eroded and destroyed under the action of water. In order to study the influence of different mitigation measures on the stability of HLFSs and their failure process, this paper uses a flume test of the effects of various mitigation measures on this failure process. The results show that: (1) the failure processes of slopes with different mitigation measures are obviously different. Slope deformation u with a declining gradient mitigation mainly occurs on the surface of the slope body, and although slope erosion is quite serious, the slope does not fail as a whole. Slopes with a stepwise drainage channel mitigation show little erosion, but material can easily slide along the horizontal drainage channels. (2) The slope deformation process is correlated with changes in pore-water pressure. When local instability occurs, there is always a pre-process of continuously rising pore-water pressure. When a failure occurs, the pore-water pressure of the soil at each position of the slope body suddenly fluctuates under instantaneous excitation. (3) The response of soil pore pressure and the development characteristics of tension cracks affect the deformation of the slopes, which is also the cause of the differences slope instability caused by different mitigation measures. These research results provide reference for the protection of HLFS engineering projects from heavy rains.

Simulation study on surface deformation of shallow buried coal seam mining in a gully area

Coal mining subsidence leads to frequent surface ecological and environmental problems. Due to the unique topographic conditions within gully areas, the deformation and damage characteristics, along with the evolution laws of the surface, have been difficult to analyze. To explore the surface movement and deformation law of shallow-buried coal seam mining in a gully area, this study designed a three-dimensional similar-material simulation test simulating the complete movement and deformation of the ground surface under real terrain conditions and proposed a complete data acquisition and processing scheme. Combined with the numerical simulation analysis, we utilized this scheme to analyze the dynamic influence law of coal seam mining in a gully area on the distribution of ground surface stress and displacement as well as on the dynamic characteristics of the ground surface damage. The results show that the existence of gully topography affects the stress distribution of the ground surface and the raw rock of the coal seams underneath and that there exists a stress concentration in the gully area of the ground surface. Furthermore, the mining activities of the coal seams lead to an increase in the degree of stress concentration in the gully area of the ground surface, and the slopes enter into the process of energy accumulation and sudden release, which makes the region prone to the occurrence of geological disasters such as landslides and collapses. In addition, the surface movement and deformation in the gully area are more intense, exceeding the plain area, and the surface movement is affected by the spatial location relationship between the mining area and the slope body, causing the center of the mining area to show obvious eccentricity characteristics. The results of this study provide a reference basis for the safe mining of coal mines in gully topography.

Experimental study on deformation and failure of a mining slope under the action of rainfall

On 28 August 2017, a mining slope collapse in Pusa Village, Guizhou Province, China, resulted in the release of ~8600 m3 of earth and rock, leading to 35 fatalities. The deformation and failure mechanisms of the mining slope under the influence of rainfall was studied by a physical model test, using the Pusa Village collapse as an example. Data were collected through strategically placed monitoring points in a physical model, forming the basis for a quantitative analysis of slope deformation and failure patterns. The tested results revealed that sequential mining and rainfall activities induce progressively increasing stress variations, exhibiting a cyclical pattern of stress concentration, relaxation, and stabilization. Mining activities initiated the formation of tension and separation fractures within the model, which were subsequently exacerbated by rainfall. Rainwater infiltrating through these fractures and geotechnical bodies resulted in a more pronounced increase in water content in the upper part of the model than in the lower part. Displacement values within the model progressively increased with ongoing coal seam mining, primarily occurring in the mining area's roof and extending to the model's top following rainfall. The failure mode of the Pusa slope under combined mining and rainfall conditions is characterized by the following sequence: bending-pulling-subsidence-creep-dumping. The deformation and failure processes can be categorized into four stages: mining-induced disturbances, fractures extension and extension, formation of a potential collapse surface, and destabilization failure.

Optimizing Surface Lithology Interpretation from Global Gravity Model and Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery in Semeru Mountain, Indonesia

Conventional geological mapping has high data accuracy but has ineffectiveness such as incomplete sample sweep coverage due to extreme topography, densely populated environmental conditions, and weather constraints in the field. Remote sensing is an effective alternative geological mapping solution through a combination of satellite gravity methods and satellite imagery interpretation. This study aims to apply remote sensing to obtain a more detailed distribution of Mount Semeru lithological types from regional geological maps. Integration of rock density results from satellite gravity and lithology distribution from satellite imagery results in a more detailed lithological types interpretation with more specific physical conditions of rock density. Relatively low rock density values (1.9 - 2.3 gr/cm3) distribution is at the top and foot of the mountain in the outermost areas of the study area indicating relatively thick pyroclastic material with relatively deep bedrock depth, and unconsolidated material. On the side of the body of the mountain slope, there is a relatively high rock density value (2.9 - 3.5 gr/cm3) with an indication of the formation of pyroclastic material which is relatively thinner with the presence of shallower bedrock and has consolidated material. Geological mapping optimization forms the basis for further research related to the planning and development of natural resources, as well as a more effective and efficient advanced geological mapping automation process.

The Effect of Changes in Rainfall Patterns due to Climatic Change on the Cutting Slope Stability of Landslides Case in East Java, Indonesia

This study was conducted to determine the causes of landslides that often occur on the cutting slope on the side of the Gempol-Pandaan toll road in East Java. Furthermore, this study aims to ascertain the relationship between alterations in rainfall intensity due to climatic change on slope stability. Observation of conditions in the field, topographic contour measurements, field soil testing, real-time data processing of rain intensity, and numerical simulation for parametric study were carried out to determine the effect of changes in daily rainfall on slope stability. Also, numerical analysis using limit equilibrium as well as finite element methods with SEEP/W and SLOPE/W was carried out. The results of field observations showed there was no rainwater collection channel in the slope area, causing the water to infiltrate into the cutting slope body. The fluctuating and increasing rainfall intensity during 90 days of observation can reduce the safety factor of slope by up to 25%. This decrease in safety factors is believed to increase when the duration and intensity of the rain increase as a result of climatic change. Therefore, the integration between the impact of climate change on alterations in rain intensity in an area needs to be considered as an effort to mitigate landslides.

Characterization of the Migration of Soil Particles in Lateritic Soils under the Effect of Rainfall

Rainfall is the main cause of erosion damage in loose slope deposits. During rainfall infiltration, fine particles in the soil mass will move with water infiltration, thus changing the localized particle distribution of the soil mass, which, in turn, causes changes in the pore water pressure and volumetric water content within the slope and ultimately affects slope stability. In order to develop advanced soil and water conservation programs to prevent slope damage, it is crucial to understand and accurately reproduce the particle migration and aggregation characteristics of soils under different rainfall conditions. Therefore, this paper systematically investigates the soil particle migration characteristics of the soil body under rainfall conditions by simulating the internal erosion of the lateritic soil slope body under rainfall conditions via slope internal erosion simulation experiments and experimentally analyzing the migration and aggregation of fine particles in the slope body, as well as the changed rules regarding pore water pressure and volumetric water content at different locations of the slope body with rainfall. The results of this study show that (1) with the infiltration of rainfall, the fine particles in the slope body mainly infiltrate in the vertical direction in an early stage of rainfall; in a later stage, there is vertical downward and down-slope seepage. Therefore, fine particles always gather at the toe of the slope, which leads to relatively high water content and pore water pressure at the toe of the slope, and thus, the slope is always damaged from the toe of the slope. (2) Inside the slope, the fine particles always gather at the smallest pore diameter. With the enhancement of hydrodynamic force, they will be lost again, which leads to a sudden decrease in the local volumetric water content of the slope, and the pore space increases. Then, it is filled with seepage water, which makes the pore water pressure fluctuate or increase. (3) Based on the particle distribution parameter, the present study produced a distribution map of the fine particle content of the slope body under different rainfall intensities and established a model of the dynamic change of fine particles, which improves the understanding of the effect of the change in the fine particle composition of the slope body on the water content and the pore water pressure and may be helpful for the assessment of the initiation of the mudslides.

Experimental and numerical investigation on failure mechanism of expansive soil subgrade slope

AbstractShallow landslides of expensive soil slopes occur from time to time, and most engineering geological problems are directly or indirectly caused by soil structure cracks. The existence of tensile cracks can significantly affect the hydro-mechanical properties of soils. In this paper, the mechanism of expansive soil landslide formation is explored, and swelling pressures, and drying and wetting cycles are introduced into the discrete element method (DEM), and the landslide process of expansive soils is studied by the numerical simulation mothed. The relationship between the crack development and the instability of expansive soil slopes was investigated. The results show that under the condition of seasonal dry and wet alternation, the cracks of the expansive soil slope gradually develop, the rainwater infiltrates rapidly, the mechanical properties gradually deteriorate, and under the effect of such adverse cycle, the soil gradually softens and the stability decreases. Under the influence of human activities, vehicle loads and other factors, the slope body slides. These findings are helpful for the design and construction of expansive soil slopes and foundations.

Study on slope stability under excavation and water storage based on physical model tests

Understanding the characteristics and mechanism of slope deformation caused by slope excavation and water storage is very important in the stability analysis of slope engineering. Therefore, based on similarity theory, a physical model test of excavation and water storage was established, and the deformation characteristics of the slope (three-stage excavation and five-stage water storage) were studied by using the monitoring technology of multiple measuring devices. The variation characteristics of the displacement, stress and pore water pressure in the slope were revealed. The results show that the contents of cement and yellow sand can regulate the physical, mechanical and hydrological properties and that gypsum and hydraulic oil have an effect on the permeability. Excavation leads to deformation of the rock mass in the middle and lower slope to the outside of the slope. This is attributed to the stress release, and local stress concentration occurs at the foot of the slope after redistribution. Moreover, the rock mass located in the fault zone shows nonglobal movement because the hanging wall rock mass will produce relative dislocation along the fault zone under self-gravity. Under water storage, the slope body is affected by the hydrostatic pressure, and transient compaction deformation occurs first. As water permeates into the slope body, the water weakens the rock mass, resulting in the gradual deformation of the rock mass near the slope surface to the outside of the slope. The above model test results can provide a valuable reference for slopes stability analysis in construction and subsequent operation.