Slippery Liquid-infused Porous Surfaces Research Articles

Super-Slippery Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Brush Surfaces: From Fabrication to Practical Application.

Superwetting surfaces with special slippery performances have been the focus of practical applications and basic research for decades. Compared to superhydrophobic/superoleophobic and slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS), liquid-like covalently attached poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) brush surfaces have no trouble in constructing the micro/nanostructure and the loss of infused lubricant, meanwhile, it can also provide lots of new advantages, such as smooth, transparent, pressure- and temperature-resistant, and low contact angle hysteresis (CAH) to diverse liquids. This paper focuses on the relationship between the wetting performance and practical functional application of PDMS brush surfaces. Recent progress of the preparation of PDMS brush surfaces and their super-slippery performances, with a special focus on diverse functional applications were summarized. Finally, perspectives on future research directions are also discussed.

Key Factors Affecting Durable Anti-Icing of Slippery Surfaces: Pore Size and Porosity

Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) are widely used as an effective passive approach to reduce icing disasters. However, various porous structures make SLIPSs exhibit different droplet mobility and lubricant stability. Undoubtedly, the substrate surface has a great impact on the durable anti-icing of SLIPSs. Herein, surfaces with different pore sizes and porosities were prepared to study their effects on the performance of SLIPS. The results show that small pores and high porosity are beneficial for the preparation of durable anti-icing SLIPS. The small pore size (about 100 nm) has a strong capillary pressure on the lubricant, and the surface with high porosity (66%) possesses a large lubricant-liquid contact ratio. These two can greatly improve the lubricant stability of SLIPS and achieve rapid self-healing. The SLIPS prepared by a suitable porous surface shows excellent anti-icing performance in the simulated glaze ice and durable anti-icing ability in the long-term icing/deicing cycles. In detail, the prepared SLIPS experiences more than 140 icing/deicing cycles through four effective self-healing while maintaining extremely low ice adhesion (<20 kPa). This work proposes a certain improved SLIPS with small pores and high porosity to achieve excellent durable anti-icing performance, broadening the practical applications of SLIPS.

Dynamics of Droplets Impacting on Aerogel, Liquid Infused, and Liquid-Like Solid Surfaces.

Droplets impacting superhydrophobic surfaces have been extensively studied due to their compelling scientific insights and important industrial applications. In these cases, the commonly reported impact regime was that of complete rebound. This impact regime strongly depends on the nature of the superhydrophobic surface. Here, we report the dynamics of droplets impacting three hydrophobic slippery surfaces, which have fundamental differences in normal liquid adhesion and lateral static and kinetic liquid friction. For an air cushion-like (super)hydrophobic solid surface (Aerogel) with low adhesion and low static and low kinetic friction, complete rebound can start at a very low Weber (We) number (∼1). For slippery liquid-infused porous (SLIP) surfaces with high adhesion and low static and low kinetic friction, complete rebound only occurs at a much higher We number (>5). For a slippery omniphobic covalently attached liquid-like (SOCAL) solid surface, with high adhesion and low static friction similar to SLIPS but higher kinetic friction, complete rebound was not observed, even for a We as high as 200. Furthermore, the droplet ejection volume after impacting the Aerogel surface is 100% across the whole range of We numbers tested compared to other surfaces. In contrast, droplet ejection for SLIPs was only observed consistently when the We was above 5-10. For SOCAL, 100% (or near 100%) ejection volume was not observed even at the highest We number tested here (∼200). This suggests that droplets impacting our (super)hydrophobic Aerogel and SLIPS lose less kinetic energy. These insights into the differences between normal adhesion and lateral friction properties can be used to inform the selection of surface properties to achieve the most desirable droplet impact characteristics to fulfill a wide range of applications, such as deicing, inkjet printing, and microelectronics.

Unique ice dendrite morphology on state-of-the-art oil-impregnated surfaces

Due to its multifaceted impact in various applications, icing and ice dendrite growth has been the focus of numerous studies in the past. Dendrites on wetting (hydrophilic) and nonwetting (hydrophobic) surfaces are sharp, pointy, branching, and hairy. Here, we show a unique dendrite morphology on state-of-the-art micro/nanostructured oil-impregnated surfaces, which are commonly referred to as slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces or liquid-infused surfaces. Unlike the dendrites on traditional textured hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, the dendrites on oil-impregnated surfaces are thick and lumpy without pattern. Our experiments show that the unique ice dendrite morphology on lubricant-infused surfaces is due to oil wicking into the porous dendritic network because of the capillary pressure imbalance between the surface texture and the dendrites. We characterized the shape complexity of the ice dendrites using fractal analysis. Experiments show that ice dendrites on textured oil-impregnated surfaces have lower fractal dimensions than those on traditional lotus leaf-inspired air-filled porous structures. Furthermore, we developed a regime map that can be used as a design guideline for micro/nanostructured oil-impregnated surfaces by capturing the complex effects of oil chemistry, oil viscosity, and wetting ridge volume on dendrite growth and morphology. The insights gained from this work inform strategies to reduce lubricant depletion, a major bottleneck for the transition of micro/nanostructured oil-impregnated surfaces from bench-top laboratory prototypes to industrial use. This work will assist the development of next-generation depletion-resistant lubricant-infused ice-repellent surfaces.

Slippery quartz surfaces for anti‐fouling optical windows

AbstractThe surface of camera‐based medical devices is easily smeared by blood and fog during the surgical procedure, causing visual field loss and bringing great distress to both doctors and patients. In this article, a slippery liquid‐infused porous surface (SLIPS) on a quartz window surface that can repel various liquids, especially blood droplets is reported. A femtosecond laser pulse train was used to create periodic microhole structures on the silica surface. The subsequent low surface energy treatment and lubricant infusion led to the successful preparation of a slippery surface. Such blood‐repellent windows exhibited high transparency, great antifogging, and antibacterial properties. In addition, the slippery ability of the as‐prepared surface exhibited outstanding stability since the surface could withstand harsh treatments/environments, such as repeated pipette scratches and immersion in different pH solutions. The as‐prepared millimeter‐sized quartz samples with SLIPS were attached to the endoscope lens as a protective coating and could maintain high visibility after repeated immersion in blood. We believe that the coating developed in this study will provide inspiration for the design of next‐generation endoscopes or other camera‐guided devices that will resist fouling, keep clear vision, and reduce operation time, thus offering great potential applications in lesion diagnosis and therapy.

Slippery liquid infused porous surfaces with anti-icing performance fabricated by direct laser interference lithography

Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) have recently been an effective alternative to superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) for anti-/de-icing applications. However, in practical applications, SLIPSs are limited by their unsatisfactory substrate manufacturing technologies and unsustainable oil storage and adjustment capacities. In this work, we fabricated micro-groove structures on SLIPS substrates by direct laser interference lithography (DLIL) in one step, coating with lubricant oil to obtain DLIL-SLIPS. The oil was firmly locked and stored into the groove structures, which can be self-supplemented even after 10 icing/de-icing cycles, leading to an efficient anti-icing performance as well as improved durability and robustness. Experiments showed that the DLIL-SLIPS exhibits better ice adhesion property with the apparent contact angle (CA) of 143° and ice adhesion strength of 7.16 kPa. The coefficient of friction was reduced up to 63.3 % compared to the substrate. They indicated that the groove structures have the excellent function of friction-reduction. We envision that this method is useful for the fabrication of composite functional SLIPS in anti-icing and friction-reduction applications such as bearings and turbine blades, especially in extreme environments.

Construction of Multiphase Mixing Interface for Delay Icing Based on Microarray Surface

Slippery liquid‐infused porous surface (SLIPS) is an emerging anti‐icing method. The anti‐icing mechanism of SLIPS is to prevent the heat transfer from liquid droplets to the surface by forming an oil film on the solid surface. However, the contact area between the droplet and the surface of the specimen increases due to the existence of the oil film, which accelerates the heat transfer and emergence of ice. Herein, in order to further improve the anti‐icing performance of SLIPS, a microscale square column array is fabricated by wire cut electrical discharge machining (WEDM) technology, on which a circular hole structure is constructed by nanosecond laser. Lubricating oil is then injected into the fluorinated surface to produce SLIPS. The maximum contact angle (CA) of the surface is 150° ± 1.2° and the contact angle hysteresis (CHA) is 1.2°. The contact mode of droplets on the surface is liquid–oil and liquid–gas, which is a multiphase mixing interface. The icing test shows that the icing time of the droplet is 4785 s at a surface temperature of −10 °C, exhibiting a good icing‐delay performance.

Slippery Epidural ECoG Electrode for High-Performance Neural Recording and Interface.

Chronic implantation of an epidural Electrocorticography (ECoG) electrode produces thickening of the dura mater and proliferation of the fibrosis around the interface sites, which is a significant concern for chronic neural ECoG recording applications used to monitor various neurodegenerative diseases. This study describes a new approach to developing a slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) on the flexible ECoG electrode for a chronic neural interface with the advantage of increased cell adhesion. In the demonstration, the electrode was fabricated on the polyimide (PI) substrate, and platinum (Pt)-gray was used for creating the porous nanocone structure for infusing the silicone oil. The combination of nanocone and the infused slippery oil layer created the SLIPS coating, which has a low impedance (4.68 kΩ) level favourable for neural recording applications. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and equivalent circuit modelling also showed the effect of the coating on the recording site. The cytotoxicity study demonstrated that the coating does not have any cytotoxic potentiality; hence, it is biocompatible for human implantation. The in vivo (acute recording) neural recording on the rat model also confirmed that the noise level could be reduced significantly (nearly 50%) and is helpful for chronic ECoG recording for more extended neural signal recording applications.

Water-Repellent Coatings on Corrosion Resistance by Femtosecond Laser Processing

Metal corrosion causes huge economic losses and major disasters every year. Inspired by the lotus leaf and nepenthes pitcher, the superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) and the slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) were produced as a potential strategy to prevent metal corrosion. However, how to prepare stable water-repellent coatings that can prevent the intrusion of corrosive ions remains to investigate. In this work, we first fabricated a micro/nano hierarchical structure on the aluminum surface by femtosecond laser processing. Then, the SHS was prepared on the above structure by fluorosilane modification. Finally, the SLIPS was fabricated on the SHS by coating lubricant. The morphology and wettability of the fabricated samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance properties of SHS and SLIPS in simulated seawater were characterized by electrochemical measurements. From the comparison of the electrochemical parameters of different immersion times, both water-repellent coatings are effective in protecting the aluminum alloy from corrosion in simulated seawater due to reduced contact area between the metal substrate and corrosive solution. In comparison with the SHS, the SLIPS has a corrosion inhibition efficiency of up to 99.95% and it maintains long-term stability in the corrosive solution. This work also provides a promising method for the water-repellent coatings by femtosecond laser processing for metal corrosion prevention in practical industrial applications.

Biomimetic slippery liquid-infused porous surface on the basis of hierarchical ZIF-67@Cu dendrite: Preparation and corrosion inhibition

In the harsh environment, the corrosion of Cu leads to the failure of pipelines, condenser, printed circuit board and so forth. Thus, protecting Cu from corrosion is critically important from both science and engineering backgrounds. In this report, the hierarchical structure compositing dendritic Cu and ZIF-67 is prepared onto Cu by a two-step electrodeposition protocol. After thiol modification and oil infusion, bio-inspired superhydrophobic surface (SHS) and slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) is respectively achieved, and sophisticated techniques are used for characterizing chemical composition, morphology, topology and wettability. Scanning Kelvin probe is employed to know the surface potential distribution before and after the biomimetic transformation. Using different electrochemical approaches, the corrosion inhibition effect is elucidated. In 3.5 wt% NaCl corrosive medium, |Z|0.01Hz of SLIPS is as high as 1.35 × 108 Ω·cm2 at the initial immersion stage. The value is remarkably enhanced compared with SHS (6.76 × 104 Ω·cm2) and bare Cu (8.74 × 103 Ω·cm2). After soaking for 168 h, |Z|0.01Hz value of SHS and SLIPS is 3.84 × 104 Ω·cm2 and 4.93 × 106 Ω·cm2, illustrating that SLIPS has high resistance to protect Cu from corrosion.

Biomimicking integrates peristome surface of Nepenthes alata onto biliary stents tips

Biliary stents (BS) play an important role in the field of modern interventional therapy. However, the surface of BS is easy to cause microbial attachment, which causes serious postoperative infections and threatens the life safety of patients. Here, inspired by the microstructures of Nepenthes alata’s peristome surface and Morpho menelaus, we presented an excellent slippery surface for BS tips by employing inverse opal colloidal crystals hydrogels. The inverse opal structure not only imparts a tunable structural color to the slippery surface but provides sufficient room for liquid absorption, such as lubricants and drugs. The slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) endow the slippery surface with anti-adhesion and antibacterial properties. Due to the good temperature sensitivity of hydrogels, we can control the drug release by changing the temperature. In particular, the drug release process can be monitored through visually structural color variations. Furthermore, we also proposed a mechanism of droplet infiltration on SLIPS under the heating which is expected to be used for the smart transport of droplets. The multifunctional SLIPS BS tips also exhibit good generalization, we believe it will bring more possibilities for biliary stents.

Enhanced Anticorrosion and Antifouling Properties of Lubricant‐Infused Pyramidal Polydimethylsiloxane Coating

AbstractAlthough slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) have been extensively studied for anticorrosion and antifouling applications, their durability and stability restrict their practicality. Herein, a technique is presented for fabricating SLIPS with dual‐protection. First, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating with a pyramidal morphology is fabricated through mold‐based lithographic techniques. The mold is prepared by applying a texturing process to a monocrystalline silicon wafer of the type used to produce solar cells. Once infused with lubricant, the SLIPS is prepared and has a water‐contact angle of 112°, on an inclined surface, water droplets slide easily off its surface. Due to the excellent chemical stability and low superficiality of the lubricant layer, the SLIPS offers excellent antifouling and anticorrosion properties. In a static marine environment, the SLIPS has an extremely low coverage fraction of algae. After being immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution for 400 days, |Z|0.01 Hz ≈ 1011 Ω, and the phase angle at high frequency is approximately −90°. SLIPSs based on the PDMS coating provide dual protection (anticorrosion and antifouling), showing that this design approach produces SLIPSs with excellent potential for applications in marine environments.

A facile method for fabricating super-slippery surface with long term and high-efficiency sustained release performance

Slippery liquid infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) process potential applications in surface liquid repellency, self-cleaning and anti-adhesion, while exhibiting long-term and stable release of lubricants is remaining a great challenge. Herein, an efficient liquid injection method was proposed to construct SLIPS by altering the surface energy and adjusting the inner porous structure using the facile method of direct UV irradiation. The infusion efficiency and release behavior were significantly improved and verified with various techniques such as wetting measurement, confocal fluorescence microscopy and optical microscopy. It was found that the infusion and release behavior of lubricants were varied for different specimens with different UV irradiation time. Compared to the prime substrate, PDMS treated with 90 min UV irradiation showed the highest volume of lubricant penetration which was increased almost by 833 %. Additionally, the amount of infusion consisted with the surface energy and specimens with moderate wetting exhibited the most effective lubricating performance. For the sample with 90 min UV irradiation, an ultra-low friction coefficient of 0.018 was observed under water lubrication and its releasing could be detected even after a long period of 768 h. Our results provided a facile method for the future development of long-term lubricating surfaces which may broaden their applications in fields of anti-corrosion, anti-icing and anti-fog, anti-fouling, micro-flow control and oil-water ultra-slippery occasions.

Fabricating a slippery porous nickel coating based on the hydrogen bubble template method for corrosion protection with self-healing property

In recent years, the development of the slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) for metal corrosion protection has attracted extensive attention. The current construction method of SLIPS micro-nano structure has certain limitations. In this paper, a porous structure was firstly constructed by electroplating nickel based on the hydrogen bubble template method, and then the porous structure was modified by 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDS) to obtain the superhydrophobic coating, and finally, The SLIPS coating was obtained by infusing perfluoropolyether (PFPE) on the basis of superhydrophobic coating. After immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 4 weeks, the WCA of SLIPS constructed in this paper only decreased from 121° to 114°. Importantly, the corrosion resistance of SLIPS was enhanced by one and three orders of magnitude compared with SHC and Cu substrate. In addition, it was worth mentioning that the SLIPS also exhibited a superior self-healing property even after several scratching healing cycles. The simple method of building porous structures in this paper will promote the further development of the SLIPS coating and its application in engineering.

A review on nature-inspired gating membranes: From concept to design and applications.

Nature has been a constant source of inspiration for technological developments. Recently, the study of nature-inspired materials has expanded to the micro- and nanoscale, facilitating new breakthroughs in the design of materials with unique properties. Various types of superhydrophobic surfaces inspired by the lotus/rice leaf are examples of nature-inspired surfaces with special wettability properties. A new class of functional surfaces whose design is inspired by the pitcher plant are the slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS). This Review summarizes the properties, design criteria, fabrication strategies, and working mechanisms of both surfaces with specific focus on SLIPS. The applications of SLIPS in the field of membrane technology [slippery liquid-infused membranes (SLIMs)] are also reviewed. These membranes are also known as liquid gating membranes due to the gating functionality of the capillary-stabilized liquid in the membrane pores leading to a smart gating mechanism. Similar to the gating ion channels in biological systems, the pores open and close in response to the ambient stimuli, e.g., pressure, temperature, and ions. Different types of stimuli-responsive smart gating membranes are introduced here, and their properties and applications are reviewed in detail. Finally, challenges and perspectives on both SLIPS and smart gating membranes are discussed. This Review provides a thorough discussion and practical applications of nature-inspired functional surfaces and membranes to pave the way for future research and further developments in this emerging field.

A substrate-friendly, sepiolite-based porous surface infused with slippery liquid with outstanding liquid repellency and metal corrosion resistance

Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) have considerable potential in metal corrosion prevention due to their excellent water repellency. The complex fabrication process, poor mechanical stability, and being limited by specific substrates restrict the large-scale development of SLIPS. Here, a pre-oil-infused superhydrophobic coating (SC) for SLIPS was created through careful planning of chemical interactions and micro-nano structures. It is mechanically strong and easy to prepare. Sepiolite with a natural porous structure was chosen as the raw material, bypassing the laborious pore-making process used in traditional SLIPS manufacture. Then, by infusing silicone oil into robust SC, a sturdy SLIPS was successfully created, which allowed a variety of droplets to slide smoothly at low sliding angles (3° ~ 6°) without leaving traces, exhibiting outstanding liquid repellency to some complex droplets and organic liquids. Due to the replacement of air pockets in superhydrophobic coating by silicone oil, the corrosion current density of SLIPS (2.431 × 10−7 A·cm−2) is nearly 2 orders of magnitude and 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of SC and bare Mg substrates, respectively. Thus, SLIPS indicated excellent anti-corrosion ability and longer-term stability than SC after exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. This substrate-friendly coating without damaging the substrate can be used to protect a wide variety of metallic materials, independent of specific substrates. This facile method provides guidance for the large-scale fabrication of robust smooth surfaces for expanded applications.

Slippery or sticky nano‐porous silica coatings impregnated with squalane: The role of oil over‐layer

AbstractSurface designs and wetting mechanisms of Nepenthes pitcher plant provide useful guiding principles for achieving control over the wettability of solid surfaces as mimicked in slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces (SLIPS). Here, the effect of the over‐layer thicknesses was investigated by gradual impregnation of porous silica coatings with squalane. Characterisation and wettability of the coatings at various stages of the impregnation were studied using fluorescence microscopy, gravimetric analysis and water contact/sliding angle measurements. The technique allowed us to progressively generate variable thicknesses of the oil over‐layers and systematically tune the wetting behaviour of the coatings. The results clarify that very thin oil over‐layer may not lead to slippery surface and the slipperiness of the coated surfaces was observed to increase with increase in the thickness of the over‐layer. It is suggested that fabricated SLIPSs be accompanied with specified workable thickness of the oil over‐layer in order to clearly evaluate their efficiencies.

Effect of Lubricant Viscosity on Wetting Behaviors and Durability of Anti-icing Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces

Icing accretion posed a safety hazard to power lines. Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) are widely used in anti-icing applications. High-viscosity silicone oil has been reported to improve the durability of SLIPS. However, high viscosity can cause problems such as slow self-healing and weak mobility of water droplets on the surface. Herein, the effect of lubricant viscosity on the wetting behavior and durability of anti-icing SLIPS was investigated. The droplet shedding test was conducted to study the durability of SLIPS. The results show that low-viscosity silicone oil can make the prepared SLIPS have good lubricity and low ice adhesion strength, while high-viscosity silicone oil can improve the durability of SLIPS. Under the condition that SA does not exceed 5° and ice adhesion strength does not exceed 10 kPa, 200 cSt silicone oil can make SLIPS simultaneously exhibit excellent slipperiness and durability.

Slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) with super-repellent and contact-killing antimicrobial performances

Slippery liquid-filled porous surfaces (SLIPS) have attracted extensive research attention for their unique repellent properties, but such surfaces typically lack essential bactericidal activity and cannot defend against the spread of bacteria once bacterial contamination occurs. Herein, a slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS), endowed with both super-repellent and contact-killing antimicrobial performances is reported. Firstly, polystyrene (PS) based porous structures are developed via a facile microphase separation technique with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the sacrifice template. The porous surface was then covalently modified by 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl dimethyl undecyl ammonium chloride (QAC-Silane) to get the contact-killing antimicrobial performances. After lubricant (silicone oil) is introduced to the porous structure, the SLIPS surface demonstrates remarkably high super-repellence against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria, and also maintains essential contact-killing antimicrobial activities from the fixed QAC-11 groups, once the infused lubricant was depleted. Also, this surface demonstrates a reduced coefficient of friction (COF) of ∼56% as compared to that of the control flat surface. Moreover, this SLIPS surface can be easily realized on various substrates, such as silica glass, polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE) and silicone catheter tube. Owing to its simple, low-cost and fast fabrication approach, this kind of surface may find unique biomedical applications where an effective antibacterial performance and lubricity are highly needed.

TiO2-based slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces with excellent ice-phobic performance

Ice formation and accretion on surfaces of instruments such as infrastructures, power lines and aircrafts can trigger serious social danger, economic loss and threaten the safety of lives. It is of practical significance to develop functionalized passive anti-icing surfaces. Herein, we synthesized titanium dioxide nanotube arrays on titanium substrate through anodic oxidation method. The TiO2 nanotube arrays were further modified and infused with perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricant to form slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS). The relationship of the nanostructures and the slippery performance, the liquid holding property and anti-icing property of TiO2 based SLIPS was investigated in details. The contact angle hysteresis (CAH) and sliding angles of water droplets on the TiO2 SLIPS are as low as 1° and 4°, respectively, indicating the excellent slippery property of the SLIPS. The CAH of water droplets on TiO2 SLIPS could be still as low as 5° after being treated with 100 mL of flowing water, which show the long term stability and superior liquid holding property of the TiO2 SLIPS. We propose that the excellent slippery property and long term stability for holding liquid of TiO2 SLIPS attribute to the uniform nanostructures, the small diameter of the nanotubes, the smooth surface and high capillary force of TiO2 nanotube arrays. Both the icing delay tests and the ice adhesion force tests conducted on TiO2 SLIPS indicate that the long-term ice-phobic stability is strongly correlated with the surface smoothness and uniformity of nanostructures. The results show that large water droplets with size about 15 μL on TiO2 NT based SLIPS can keep as liquid phase at very low temperature (–15 ℃) for up to 24 h, which exhibits much longer icing delay time at –15 ℃ than most of the reported superhydrophobic surfaces and SLIPS. And the TiO2 SLIPS exhibit very good icing delay effect even after being reused for 17 times at –15 ℃, indicating the superior long-term stability and anti-icing effect of TiO2 SLIPS as passive ice-phobic surfaces. The ice adhesion force of icicles on TiO2 SLIPS was as low as ∼50 kPa after the tenth test, further indicating their long-term stability as anti-icing surfaces. In summary, the TiO2 nanotube arrays based SLIPS obtained in this work exhibit superior slippery property, anti-biofouling, excellent anti-icing property and long term stability after being treated with a large amount of flowing water or reused for many times under very low temperature. This work shows that SLIPS can be applied as ice-phobic surfaces with long term stability at low temperature, potentially useful for their practical applications as anti-icing and ice-phobic surfaces.